Download or read book Electron Diffraction Techniques written by John Maxwell Cowley and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electron Diffraction Techniques written by John Maxwell Cowley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 2 deals with those aspects when there is a stronger correlation of the diffraction phenomena with the electron microscope imaging.
Download or read book Structure Analysis by Electron Diffraction written by B. K. Vainshtein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structure Analysis by Electron Diffraction focuses on the theory and practice of studying the atomic structure of crystalline substances through electron diffraction. The publication first offers information on diffraction methods in structure analysis and the geometrical theory of electron diffraction patterns. Discussions focus on the fundamental concepts of the theory of scattering and structure analysis of crystals, structure analysis by electron diffraction, formation of spot electron diffraction patterns, electron diffraction texture patterns, and polycrystalline electron diffraction patterns. The text then ponders on intensities of reflections, including atomic scattering, temperature factor, structure amplitude, experimental measurements of intensity, and review of equations for intensities of reflections in electron diffraction patterns. The manuscript examines the Fourier methods in electron diffraction and experimental electron diffraction structure investigations. Topics include the determination of the structure of the hydrated chlorides of transition metals; structures of carbides and nitrides of certain metals and semi-conducting alloys; electron diffraction investigation of clay minerals; and possibilities inherent in structure analysis by electron diffraction. The book is a helpful source of data for readers interested in structure analysis by electron diffraction.
Download or read book Elastic and Inelastic Scattering in Electron Diffraction and Imaging written by Zhong-lin Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elastic and inelastic scattering in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are important research subjects. For a long time, I have wished to systematically summarize various dynamic theories associated with quantitative electron micros copy and their applications in simulations of electron diffraction patterns and images. This wish now becomes reality. The aim of this book is to explore the physics in electron diffraction and imaging and related applications for materials characterizations. Particular emphasis is placed on diffraction and imaging of inelastically scattered electrons, which, I believe, have not been discussed exten sively in existing books. This book assumes that readers have some preknowledge of electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and quantum mechanics. I anticipate that this book will be a guide to approaching phenomena observed in electron microscopy from the prospects of diffraction physics. The SI units are employed throughout the book except for angstrom (A), which is used occasionally for convenience. To reduce the number of symbols used, the Fourier transform of a real-space function P'(r), for example, is denoted by the same symbol P'(u) in reciprocal space except that r is replaced by u. Upper and lower limits of an integral in the book are (-co, co) unless otherwise specified. The (-co, co) integral limits are usually omitted in a mathematical expression for simplification. I very much appreciate opportunity of working with Drs. J. M. Cowley and J. C. H. Spence (Arizona State University), J.
Download or read book Transmission Electron Microscopy and Diffractometry of Materials written by Brent Fultz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-14 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains concepts of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) that are important for the characterization of materials. The fourth edition adds important new techniques of TEM such as electron tomography, nanobeam diffraction, and geometric phase analysis. A new chapter on neutron scattering completes the trio of x-ray, electron and neutron diffraction. All chapters were updated and revised for clarity. The book explains the fundamentals of how waves and wavefunctions interact with atoms in solids, and the similarities and differences of using x-rays, electrons, or neutrons for diffraction measurements. Diffraction effects of crystalline order, defects, and disorder in materials are explained in detail. Both practical and theoretical issues are covered. The book can be used in an introductory-level or advanced-level course, since sections are identified by difficulty. Each chapter includes a set of problems to illustrate principles, and the extensive Appendix includes laboratory exercises.
Download or read book Electron Diffraction and optical diffraction techniques written by B. E. P. Beeston and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Uniting Electron Crystallography and Powder Diffraction written by Ute Kolb and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The polycrystalline and nanocrystalline states play an increasingly important role in exploiting the properties of materials, encompassing applications as diverse as pharmaceuticals, catalysts, solar cells and energy storage. A knowledge of the three-dimensional atomic and molecular structure of materials is essential for understanding and controlling their properties, yet traditional single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods lose their power when only polycrystalline and nanocrystalline samples are available. It is here that powder diffraction and single-crystal electron diffraction techniques take over, substantially extending the range of applicability of the crystallographic principles of structure determination. This volume, a collection of teaching contributions presented at the Crystallographic Course in Erice in 2011, clearly describes the fundamentals and the state-of-the-art of powder diffraction and electron diffraction methods in materials characterisation, encompassing a diverse range of disciplines and materials stretching from archeometry to zeolites. As such, it is a comprehensive and valuable resource for those wishing to gain an understanding of the broad applicability of these two rapidly developing fields.
Download or read book Time resolved Diffraction written by J. R Helliwell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1997-12-18 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent technological advances in synchrotron and neutron sources, detectors, and computer hardware and software have made possible diffraction techniques which collect data at successive moments in time. This is the first book to bring together reviews and research articles covering the three branches of time-resolved diffraction--X-ray, electron, and neutron field. Time-Resolved Diffraction covers gases, liquids, amorphous solids, fibers, and crystals and does so in a multidisciplinary framework which includes examples from molecular biology and chemistry, as well as techniques from physics and materials science. The various time scales of data collection cover ten orders of magnitude, from the sub-pico domain to the kilosecond. Research scientists and graduate students will find this book the most complete compendium of work in this developing field.
Download or read book Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction and Reflection Electron Imaging of Surfaces written by P.K. Larsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop in "Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction and Reflection Electron Imaging of Surfaces" held at the Koningshof conference center, Veldhoven, the Netherlands, June 15-19, 1987. The main topics of the workshop, Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) and Reflection Electron Microscopy (REM), have a common basis in the diffraction processes which high energy electrons undergo when they interact with solid surfaces at grazing angles. However, while REM is a new technique developed on the basis of recent advances in transmission electron microscopy, RHEED is an old method in surface crystallography going back to the discovery of electron diffraction in 1927 by Davisson and Germer. Until the development of ultra high vacuum techniques in the 1960's made instruments using slow electrons more accessable, RHEED was the dominating electron diffraction technique. Since then and until recently the method of Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) largely surpassed RHEED in popularity in surface studies. The two methods are closely related of course, each with its own specific advantages. The grazing angle geometry of RHEED has now become a very useful feature because this makes it ideally suited for combination with the thin growth technique of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). This combination allows in-situ studies of freshly grown and even growing surfaces, opening up new areas of research of both fundamental and technological importance.
Download or read book Electron Crystallography written by Xiaodong Zou and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-18 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the modern world of ever smaller devices and nanotechnology, electron crystallography emerges as the most important method capable of determining the structure of minute objects down to the size of individual atoms. Crystals of only a few millionths of a millimetre are studied. This is the first textbook explaining how this is done. Great attention is given to symmetry in crystals and how it manifests itself in electron microscopy and electron diffraction, and how this symmetry can be determined and taken advantage of in achieving improved electron microscopy images and solving crystal structures from electron diffraction patterns. Theory and practice are combined; experimental images, diffraction patterns, formulae and numerical data are discussed in parallel, giving the reader a complete understanding of what goes on inside the "black boxes" of computer programs. This up-to-date textbook contains the newest techniques in electron crystallography, including detailed descriptions and explanations of the recent remarkable successes in determining the very complex structures of zeolites and intermetallics. The controversial issue of whether there is phase information present in electron micrsocopy images or not is also resolved once and for all. The extensive appendices include computer labs which have been used at various courses at Stockholm University and international schools in electron crystallography, with applications to the textbook. Students can download image processing programs and follow these lab instructions to get a hands-on experience of electron crystallography.
Download or read book Topics in Electron Diffraction and Microscopy of Materials written by Peter. B Hirsch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics in Electron Diffraction and Microscopy of Materials celebrates the retirement of Professor Michael Whelan from the University of Oxford. Professor Whelan taught many of today's heads of department and was a pioneer in the development and use of electron microscopy. His collaborators and colleagues, each one of whom has made important advances in the use of microscopy to study materials, have contributed to this cohesive work. The book provides a useful overview of current applications for selected electron microscope techniques that have become important and widespread in their use for furthering our understanding of how materials behave. Linked through the dynamical theory of electron diffraction and inelastic scattering, the topics discussed include the history and impact of electron microscopy in materials science, weak-beam techniques for problem solving, defect structures and dislocation interactions, using beam diffraction patterns to look at defects in structures, obtaining chemical identification at atomic resolution, theoretical developments in backscattering channeling patterns, new ways to look at atomic bonds, using numerical simulations to look at electronic structure of crystals, RHEED observations for MBE growth, and atomic level imaging applications.
Download or read book Low Energy Electron Diffraction written by Michel A. VanHove and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface crystallography plays the same fundamental role in surface science which bulk crystallography has played so successfully in solid-state physics and chemistry. The atomic-scale structure is one of the most important aspects in the understanding of the behavior of surfaces in such widely diverse fields as heterogeneous catalysis, microelectronics, adhesion, lubrication, cor rosion, coatings, and solid-solid and solid-liquid interfaces. Low-Energy Electron Diffraction or LEED has become the prime tech nique used to determine atomic locations at surfaces. On one hand, LEED has yielded the most numerous and complete structural results to date (almost 200 structures), while on the other, LEED has been regarded as the "technique to beat" by a variety of other surface crystallographic methods, such as photoemission, SEXAFS, ion scattering and atomic diffraction. Although these other approaches have had impressive successes, LEED has remained the most productive technique and has shown the most versatility of application: from adsorbed rare gases, to reconstructed surfaces of sem iconductors and metals, to molecules adsorbed on metals. However, these statements should not be viewed as excessively dogmatic since all surface sensitive techniques retain untapped potentials that will undoubtedly be explored and exploited. Moreover, surface science remains a multi-technique endeavor. In particular, LEED never has been and never will be self sufficient. LEED has evolved considerably and, in fact, has reached a watershed.
Download or read book Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science P2 written by S Amelinckx and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science reviews recent developments in diffraction and imaging techniques used in the study of materials. It discusses advances in high-voltage electron microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), X-ray and neutron diffraction, X-ray topography, mirror electron microscopy, and field emission microscopy. Organized into five parts encompassing nine chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the dynamical theory of the diffraction of high-energy electrons in crystals and methodically introduces the reader to dynamical diffraction in perfect and imperfect crystals, inelastic scattering of electrons in crystals, and X-ray production. It then explores back scattering effects, the technical features of high-voltage electron microscopes, and surface characterization by LEED. Other chapters focus on the kinematical theory of X-ray diffraction, techniques and interpretation in X-ray topography, and interpretation of the contrast of the images of defects on X-ray topographs. The book also describes theory and applications of mirror electron microscopy, surface studies by field emission of electrons, field ionization and field evaporation, and gas-surface interactions before concluding with a discussion on lattice imperfections. Scientists and students taking courses on diffraction and solid-state electron microscopy will benefit from this book.
Download or read book Reflection Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy for Surface Analysis written by Zhong Lin Wang and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-05-23 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A self-contained book on electron microscopy and spectrometry techniques for surface studies.
Download or read book Electron Crystallography written by Xiaodong Zou and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-18 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the modern world of ever smaller devices and nanotechnology, electron crystallography emerges as the most important method capable of determining the structure of minute objects down to the size of individual atoms. Crystals of only a few millionths of a millimetre are studied. This is the first textbook explaining how this is done. Great attention is given to symmetry in crystals and how it manifests itself in electron microscopy and electron diffraction, and how this symmetry can be determined and taken advantage of in achieving improved electron microscopy images and solving crystal structures from electron diffraction patterns. Theory and practice are combined; experimental images, diffraction patterns, formulae and numerical data are discussed in parallel, giving the reader a complete understanding of what goes on inside the "black boxes" of computer programs. This up-to-date textbook contains the newest techniques in electron crystallography, including detailed descriptions and explanations of the recent remarkable successes in determining the very complex structures of zeolites and intermetallics. The controversial issue of whether there is phase information present in electron micrsocopy images or not is also resolved once and for all. The extensive appendices include computer labs which have been used at various courses at Stockholm University and international schools in electron crystallography, with applications to the textbook. Students can download image processing programs and follow these lab instructions to get a hands-on experience of electron crystallography.
Download or read book Electron Density and Bonding in Crystals written by V.G Tsirelson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electron Density and Bonding in Crystals: Principles, Theory and X-Ray Diffraction Experiments in Solid State Physics and Chemistry provides a comprehensive, unified account of the use of diffraction techniques to determine the distribution of electrons in crystals. The book discusses theoretical and practical techniques, the application of electron density studies to chemical bonding, and the determination of the physical properties of condensed matter. The book features the authors' own key contributions to the subject as well a thorough, critical summary of the extensive literature on electron density and bonding. Logically organized, coverage ranges from the theoretical and experimental basis of electron density determination to its impact on investigations of the nature of the chemical bond and its uses in determining electromagnetic and optical properties of crystals. The main text is supplemented by appendices that provide clear, concise guidance on aspects such as systems of units, quantum theory of atomic vibrations, atomic orbitals, and creation and annihilation operators. The result is a valuable compendium of modern knowledge on electron density distributions, making this reference a standard for crystallographers, condensed matter physicists, theoretical chemists, and materials scientists.
Download or read book Advanced Transmission Electron Microscopy written by Jian Min Zuo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-26 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume expands and updates the coverage in the authors' popular 1992 book, Electron Microdiffraction. As the title implies, the focus of the book has changed from electron microdiffraction and convergent beam electron diffraction to all forms of advanced transmission electron microscopy. Special attention is given to electron diffraction and imaging, including high-resolution TEM and STEM imaging, and the application of these methods to crystals, their defects, and nanostructures. The authoritative text summarizes and develops most of the useful knowledge which has been gained over the years from the study of the multiple electron scattering problem, the recent development of aberration correctors and their applications to materials structure characterization, as well as the authors' extensive teaching experience in these areas. Advanced Transmission Electron Microscopy: Imaging and Diffraction in Nanoscience is ideal for use as an advanced undergraduate or graduate level text in support of course materials in Materials Science, Physics or Chemistry departments.
