Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR Plasmas written by R Geller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-13 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acknowledged as the "founding father" of and world renowned expert on electron cyclotron resonance sources Richard Geller has produced a unique book devoted to the physics and technicalities of electron cyclotron resonance sources. Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR Plasmas provides a primer on electron cyclotron phenomena in ion sour
Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR Plasmas written by R Geller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-13 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acknowledged as the "founding father" of and world renowned expert on electron cyclotron resonance sources Richard Geller has produced a unique book devoted to the physics and technicalities of electron cyclotron resonance sources. Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR Plasmas provides a primer on electron cyclotron phenomena in ion sour
Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR Plasmas written by R Geller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acknowledged as the "founding father" of and world renowned expert on electron cyclotron resonance sources Richard Geller has produced a unique book devoted to the physics and technicalities of electron cyclotron resonance sources. Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR Plasmas provides a primer on electron cyclotron phenomena in ion sources as well as being a reference to the field of ion source developments. Coverage includes elements of plasma physics, specific electron cyclotron resonance physics, and the relevant technology directed at both scientists and engineers.
Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Resonance ECR Ion Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting with the pioneering work of R. Geller and his group in Grenoble (France), at least 14 ECR sources have been built and tested during the last five years. Most of those sources have been extremely successful, providing intense, stable and reliable beams of highly charged ions for cyclotron injection or atomic physics research. However, some of the operational features of those sources disagreed with commonly accepted theories on ECR source operation. To explain the observed behavior of actual sources, it was found necessary to refine some of the crude ideas we had about ECR sources. Some of those new propositions are explained, and used to make some extrapolations on the possible future developments in ECR sources.
Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources written by Matthaeus Leitner and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2005-03-23 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Berkeley, California, 26-30 September 2004
Download or read book Perturbative Measurements of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source Plasmas written by Derek Elwin Neben and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy ion accelerators are a valuable resource for the nuclear science community to study atomic physics. One such heavy ion accelerator is the Coupled Cyclotron Facility (CCF) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) which relies on Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources to provide the primary beam to the target. ECR ion sources are essential for the efficient operation of research accelerators such as the CCF, providing high currents of highly charged ions. Highly charged ion beams increase the efficiency of the accelerators, but require longer confinement times and higher temperature plasmas in the ion sources than is necessary to produce singly charged beams. The need to use high temperature and low density plasmas creates challenges including those relating to plasma stability. ECR ion sources provide a good platform to accept metallic vapor ovens and sputtering probes allowing the CCF to accelerate up to 30 types of beams ranging from oxygen to uranium. Furthermore, ECR ion sources use no filaments or cathodes providing a high degree of reliability for the accelerator facility. As the intensity frontier demands ever rarer isotopes from accelerator facilities, the heavy ion beam intensity must increase [70], which creates new demands from the ion sources.The work presented within this dissertation set out to better understand the mechanism that confines highly charged ions in the ECR plasma. Specifically, it was explored if hot electrons (energy larger than 50 keV) contribute to ion confinement by generating an electrostatic well in the plasma potential [68]. Perturbative measurements of ECR ion sources are presented with the aim to explore ion confinement times: pulsed sputtering (Chapter 4) and amplitude modulation (Chapter 5). Chapter 3 explores the geometry of the sputtering probe with respect to the magnetic field which was crucial to produce reliable pulsed sputtering results on the ECR ion source. Axial pulsed sputtering, which could be conveniently implemented on fully superconducting sources, incorporated a bias disc effect that highly perturbed the plasma. Radial sputtering was emulated by placing a semi-shielded probe along the plasma chamber wall in between the electron loss surfaces.Ion confinement time was characterized through the decay time of the beam current, which is proportional to ion confinement time. Ion beam decay times were measured for different charge states of gold in an oxygen plasma in Chapter 4. Decay time always increased with increasing charge state. Decay time also increased with hot electron temperature for lower frequency operation (13 GHz), but reached an optimized value for higher frequency operation (18 GHz) due to plasma instabilities. Electrostatic confinement of ions appeared to be the most plausible mechanism to explain the observed decay time behaviors. A novel perturbative measurement technique was developed for ECR ion sources using Amplitude Modulation (AM) of microwave power. The AM measurement was originally motivated by whether or not 50~kHz modulation in microwave power (from the microwave source) would be observable in the beam current. A systematic study was organized on the University of Jyvaskyla Physics Department (JYFL) normal conducting ECR ion source in Jyvaskyla Finland. Chapter 5 presents the beam current response to AM on the 14 GHz ECR ion source for different weights of noble gases, magnetic fields, and vacuum pressures. The beam current amplitude generally decayed exponentially for frequencies higher than around 400 Hz with the modulation highly suppressed at 10 kHz.
Download or read book ECR electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and Applications with Heavy ion Linacs written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source has been developed in the last few years into a reliable source of high charge-state heavy ions. The availability of heavy ions with relatively large charge-to-mass ratios (0.1--0.5) has made it possible to contemplate essentially new classes of heavy-ion linear accelerators. In this talk, I shall review the state-of-the-art in ECR source performance and describe some of the implications this performance level has for heavy-ion linear accelerator design. The present linear accelerator projects using ECR ion sources will be noted and the performance requirements of the ECR source for these projects will be reviewed. 30 refs., 3 figs.
Download or read book State of the Art ECR Ion Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source which produces highly-charged ions is used in heavy ion accelerators worldwide. Applications also found in atomic physics research and industry ion implantation. ECR ion source performance continues to improve, especially in the last few years with new techniques, such as multiple-frequency plasma heating and better methods to provide extra cold electrons, combined with higher magnetic mirror fields. So far more than 1 emA of multiply-charged ions such as He[sup 2+] and O[sup 6+], and 30 e[mu]A of Au[sup 32+], 1.1 e[mu]A of [sup 238]U[sup 48+], and epA currents of very high charge states such as [sup 86]Kr[sup 35+] and [sup 238]U[sup 60+] have been produced.
Download or read book Characterization of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source Instabilities by Charged Particle Diagnostics written by Bryan Isherwood and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion sources are invaluable tools for producing charge particles for scientific, industrial, and medical applications. In particular, Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources (ECRIS) are high power sources capable of producing high intensity, high charge state beams of heavy ions. The system uses microwaves to resonantly heat of electrons within an inhomogeneous magnetic trap. However, the internal dynamics of the resulting plasma are complex and poorly understood. In particular, the excitation of kinetic instabilities within the plasma can make operating these ion sources difficult and unpredictable. This thesis focuses on studying these instabilities to determine ways to optimize ECRIS performance by minimizing their impact on the extracted beam current.This study focuses on two measurements that look at the steady-state and time-resolved measurements of charged particle currents escaping the ion source during stable and unstable operations. The first measurement is a novel diagnostic of electrons escaping confinement from the plasma chamber. The second was a measurement of high charge state ions (Ar8+) extracted from the plasma chamber over a broad set of parameter spaces. These measurements provide insight into the ideal operating conditions for an ECR ion source and the dynamics of the ion and electron populations within its plasma.
Download or read book ECR Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources for Cyclotrons written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) ion sources have evolved from a single large, power consuming, complex prototype into a variety of compact, simple, reliable, efficient, high performance sources of high charge state ions for accelerators and atomic physics. The coupling of ECR sources to cyclotrons has resulted in significant performance gains in energy, intensity, reliability, and variety of ion species. Seven ECR sources are in regular operation with cyclotrons and numerous other projects are under development or in the planning stag. At least four laboratories have ECR sources dedicated for atomic physics research and other atomic physics programs share ECR sources with cyclotrons. An ECR source is now installed on the injector for the CERN SPS synchrotron to accelerate O/sup 8 +/ to relativistic energies. A project is underway at Argonne to couple an ECR source to a superconducting heavy-ion linac. Although tremendous progress has been made, the field of ECR sources is still a relatively young technology and there is still the potential for further advances both in source development and understanding of the plasma physics. The development of ECR sources is reviewed. The important physics mechanisms which come into play in the operation of ECR Sources are discussed, along with various models for charge state distributions (CSD). The design and performance of several ECR sources are compared. The 88-Inch Cyclotron and the LBL ECR is used as an example of cyclotron+ECR operation. The future of ECR sources is considered.
Download or read book Properties of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Sources written by Aseem Kumar Srivastava and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design and Initial Comparative Evaluation Studies of Conventional surface and New Concept volume type All Permanent Magnet Electron Cyclotron Resonance ECR Ion Sources written by Hassina Zai͏̈m -Bilheux and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ECR ion sources are clearly the best choice of existing sources for the generation of CW beams of highly charged ions, and therefore, they are at a premium for high-energy accelerator-based applications. The technology of the source has slowly but steadily advanced over the past several years (improvement in plasma confinement; use of very high frequency microwave radiation; improvement in vacuum quality; supplementing their plasma discharges with cold electrons; biased disks; and gas mixing effect). Recently, it has been suggested that their performances can be significantly further enhanced by incresing the physical sizes of their ECR zones in relation to the sizes of their plasma volumes (spatial and frequency domain methods). A 6 GHz, all-permanent magnet ECR ion source with à large resonant plasma volume has been designed, constructed and initially tested at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The conventional minimum-B("surface") resonance conditions so that direct comparaisons of the performances of the two source types can be made under identical operating conditions. According to initial test results, the flat-B source performs better than its conventionnal-B conterpart, in terms of charge-state distribution and intensity within a particular charge-state. This is attributable to the very large ECR zones present in the source and their locations with respect to the launch direction of the RF power.
Download or read book ECR Electron Cyclotron Resonance Source for the HHIRF Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility Tandem Accelerator written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electron Cyclotron Resonance, ECR, ion source technology has developed rapidly since the original pioneering work of R. Geller and his group at Grenoble in the early 1970s. These ion sources are capable of producing intense beams of highly charged positive ions and are used extensively for cyclotron injection, linac injection, and atomic physics research. In this paper, the advantages of using an ECR heavy-ion source in the terminal of the Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility (HHIRF) 25-MV tandem accelerator is discussed. A possible ECR system for installation in the HHIRF tandem terminal is described.
Download or read book ECR electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source Beams for Accelerator Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliable, easily operated ion sources are always in demand for accelerator applications. This paper reports on a systematic study of ion-beam characterisrtics and optimization of beam quality for production of light ion beams in an ECR ion source. Of particular interest is the optimization of beam brightness (defined as ion current divided by the square of the emittance), which is typically used as a figure-of-merit for accelerator-quality beams. Other areas to be discussed include the measurement of beam emittance values, the effects of various source parameters on emittances, and scaling effects from operating the same ECR source at different frequencies. 4 refs., 4 figs.
Download or read book Status of ECR Electron Cyclotron Resonance Source Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) ion sources are now in widespread use for the production of high quality multiply charged ion beams for accelerators and atomic physics experiments, and industrial applications are being explored. Several general characteristics of ECR sources explain their widespread acceptance. For use with cyclotrons which require CW multiply charged ion beams, the ECR source has many advantages over heavy-ion PIG sources. Most important is the ability to produce higher charge states at useful intensities for nuclear physics experiments. Since the maximum energy set by the bending limit of a cyclotron scales with the square of the charge state, the installation of ECR sources on cyclotrons has provided an economical path to raise the energy. Another characteristic of ECR sources is that the discharge is produced without cathodes, so that only the source material injected into an ECR source is consumed. As a result, ECR sources can be operated continuously for periods of weeks without interruption. Techniques have been developed in the last few years, which allow these sources to produce beams from solid materials. The beam emittance from ECR sources is in the range of 50 to 200 .pi. mm-mrad at 10 kV. The principles of ECR ion sources are discussed, and present and future ECR sources are reviewed.
Download or read book Production of Highly Charged Ion Beams from ECR Ion Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source development has progressed with multiple-frequency plasma heating, higher mirror magnetic fields and better technique to provide extra cold electrons. Such techniques greatly enhance the production of highly charged ions from ECR ion sources. So far at cw mode operation, up to 300 e[mu]A of O[sup 7+] and 1.15 emA of O[sup 6+], more than 100 e[mu]A of intermediate heavy ions for charge states up to Ar[sup 13+], Ca[sup 13+], Fe[sup 13+], Co[sup 14+] and Kr[sup 18+], and tens of e[mu]A of heavy ions with charge states to Kr[sup 26+], Xe[sup 28+], Au[sup 35+], Bi[sup 34+] and U[sup 34+] have been produced from ECR ion sources. At an intensity of at least 1 e[mu]A, the maximum charge state available for the heavy ions are Xe[sup 36+], Au[sup 46+], Bi[sup 47+] and U[sup 48+]. An order of magnitude enhancement for fully stripped argon ions (I[ge] 60 enA) also has been achieved. This article will review the ECR ion source progress and discuss key requirement for ECR ion sources to produce the highly charged ion beams.
