Download or read book Investigations of Sea Ice Anisotropy Electromagnetic Properties Strength and Under ice Current Orientation written by Austin Kovacs and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electromagnetic Properties of Sea Ice written by Arthur K. Jordan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electromagnetic Properties of Sea Ice written by Rexford M. Morey and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Special Section on Electromagnetic Properties of Sea Ice EMPOSI written by Arthur K. Jordan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electromagnetic Property Trends in Sea Ice written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electromagnetic Property Trends in Sea Ice Part 1 written by A. Kovacs and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-phase dielectric mixing model results are presented showing the electromagnetic properties of sea ice versus depth. The modeled data are compared with field measurements and show comparable results. It is also shown how the model data can be used in support of impulse radar and airborne electromagnetic(AEM) remote sensing of sea ice. Examples of the remote measurement of sea ice thickness using impulse radar operating in the 80- to 300-MHz frequency band and low-frequency (500 to 30,000 Hz) sounding techniques are presented and discussed. Keywords: Polar regions; Radar pulses.
Download or read book Investigations of Sea Ice Anisotropy Electromagnetic Properties Strength and Under ice Current Orientation written by Austin Kovacs and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of impulse radar studies of sea ice give support to the concept of a sea ice model in which the ice bottom is composed of an array of lossy parallel plate waveguides. The fundamental relation between the average bulk brine volume of sea ice and its electrical and strength properties is discussed as is the remote detection of under-ice current alignment. It was found that (1) the average effective bulk dielectric constant is dependent upon the average bulk brine volume of the sea ice; (2) sea ice anisotropy, arising from a bottom structure of crystal platelets with a preferred c-axis horizontal alignment, can be detected by radio echo sounding measurements made not only on the ice surface but also from an airborne platform; (3) the effective coefficient of reflection from the sea ice bottom decreases with increasing average effective bulk dielectric constant of the ice, decreases with increasing bulk brine volume, and is typically one to two orders of magnitude lower than the coefficient of reflection from the ice surface; and (4) the losses in sea ice increase with increasing average bulk brine volume. (Author).
Download or read book Laboratory Investigations of the Electromagnetic Properties of Artificial Sea Ice written by Calvin T. Swift and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling of Anisotropic Electromagnetic Reflection from Sea Ice written by Kenneth M. Golden and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electromagnetic Measurements of Multi year Sea Ice Using Impulse Radar written by Austin Kovacs and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sounding of multi-year sea ice, using impulse radar operating in the 80- to 500-MHz frequency band, has revealed that the bottom of this ice cannot always be detected. This paper discusses a field program aimed at finding out why this is so, and at determining the electromagnetic (EM) properties of multi-year sea ice. It was found that the bottom of the ice could not be detected when the ice structure had a high brine content. Because of brine's high conductivity, brine volume dominates the loss mechanism in first-year sea ice, and the same was found true for multi-year ice. A two-phase dielectric mixing formula, used by the authors to describe the EM properties of first-year sea ice, was modified to include the effects of the gas rockets found in the multi-year sea ice. This three-phase mixture model was found to estimate the EM properties of the multi-year ice studied over the frequency band of interest. The latter values were determined by: (1) verified sounding to a subsurface target of known depth, where the two-way travel time of the EM wavelet in the ice is measured; (2) cross-borehole transmission, where the transit time of the EM wavelet is measured through a known thickness of sea ice; and (3) a wide-angle or common-depth-point reflection method. Preliminary findings also indicate that a representative value for the apparent bulk dielectric constant of multiyear sea ice over 2 1/2 m thick is 3.5. Keywords includ: Cold regions, Electromagnetic properties, Marine geophysics, and Sea ice.
Download or read book Electromagnetic Property Trends in Sea Ice Pt 1 written by Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sea Ice Analysis and Forecasting written by Tom Carrieres and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the science involved in automated prediction of sea ice, for sea ice analysts, researchers, and professionals.
Download or read book On the Dielectric Properties and Normalized Radar Cross section of Crude Oil contaminated Sea Ice written by Thomas David Neusitzer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores the effects of crude oil spilled beneath young sea ice on the dielectric properties and normalized radar cross-section of the ice at microwave (C-band) frequencies. The dielectric profile, also referred to as the complex permittivity profile, of sea ice is a governing factor in how the ice scatters incident electromagnetic waves, thus affecting its associated normalized radar cross-section. The dielectric profile of sea ice is dependent on both the geophysical and thermal properties of the ice. Crude oil contained beneath, within, or on the surface of young sea ice was expected to change these properties, thus impacting both the dielectric profile and normalized radar cross-section of the ice. Differences between the dielectric profile and normalized radar cross-section of uncontaminated and oil-contaminated sea ice is expected to facilitate detection of oil-contaminated sea ice through active microwave remote sensing technologies. As such, a discussion of the geophysical, thermodynamic, and electromagnetic properties of sea ice is presented, as well as an overview of the behaviour of oil in ice infested environments and the efforts undertaken to detect crude oil-contaminated sea ice. Following this, the details of a preliminary laboratory experiment conducted to explore the differences in the dielectric profiles of uncontaminated and contaminated sea ice are presented. Next, a comprehensive description of the meso-scale crude oil-in-sea ice experiment and the results, including the modelled dielectric profiles and measured normalized radar cross-sections of uncontaminated and oil-contaminated sea ice, is provided. Finally, a simulation study comparing the normalized radar cross-section for the uncontaminated and oil-contaminated cases is presented. Based on the experimental and simulation work conducted, the observed differences in the temperature profiles and normalized radar cross-sections of uncontaminated and oil-contaminated sea ice suggest that differentiation between uncontaminated and oil-contaminated young sea ice using microwave remote sensing technologies may be possible.
Download or read book Study of Microwave Emmission Properties of Sea Ice written by G. A. Poe and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On Sea Ice written by Willy Weeks and published by University of Alaska Press. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering more than seven percent of the earth’s surface, sea ice is crucial to the functioning of the biosphere—and is a key component in our attempts to understand and combat climate change. With On Sea Ice, geophysicist W. F. Weeks delivers a natural history of sea ice, a fully comprehensive and up-to-date account of our knowledge of its creation, change, and function. The volume begins with the earliest recorded observations of sea ice, from 350 BC, but the majority of its information is drawn from the period after 1950, when detailed study of sea ice became widespread. Weeks delves into both micro-level characteristics—internal structure, component properties, and phase relations—and the macro-level nature of sea ice, such as salinity, growth, and decay. He also explains the mechanics of ice pack drift and the recently observed changes in ice extent and thickness. An unparalleled account of a natural phenomenon that will be of increasing importance as the earth’s temperature rises, On Sea Ice will unquestionably be the standard for years to come.
Download or read book The Geophysics of Sea Ice written by Norbert Untersteiner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 1197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Air-Sea-Ice Interaction held September 28-October 10, 1981 in Acquafredda di maratea, Italy. Intent is to present the topic of sea ice in the broad and interdisciplinary context of atmospheric and oceanographic science.
Download or read book Microwave Remote Sensing of Sea Ice written by Frank D. Carsey and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1992-04-08 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 68. Human activities in the polar regions have undergone incredible changes in this century. Among these changes is the revolution that satellites have brought about in obtaining information concerning polar geophysical processes. Satellites have flown for about three decades, and the polar regions have been the subject of their routine surveillance for more than half that time. Our observations of polar regions have evolved from happenstance ship sightings and isolated harbor icing records to routine global records obtained by those satellites. Thanks to such abundant data, we now know a great deal about the ice-covered seas, which constitute about 10% of the Earth's surface. This explosion of information about sea ice has fascinated scientists for some 20 years. We are now at a point of transition in sea ice studies; we are concerned less about ice itself and more about its role in the climate system. This change in emphasis has been the prime stimulus for this book.
