Download or read book Electrolytic Dissolver for Plutonium Metal written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory tests have demonstrated that plutonium metal, as well as aluminum, stainless steel, Hastelloy C, and other alloys, can be electrolytically dissolved in nitric acid using the ''solution contact'' approach. Two sources of plutonium metal were evaluated, weapons' grade and a special reactor grade (42% 24°Pu, 12% 241Pu) from Savannah River, both yielding a dissolution rate of approximately one gram per ampere-hour. A current flow of 150 amperes was attained at 12 volts (limit of the power supply) and higher current should be possible at increased voltage. Since no fluoride was used in the actual dissolution, glass and 304 stainless steel components provided satisfactory performance. Preliminary investigations on the sludge formed (less than 1%) during electrolysis showed it to be soluble in a low fluoride-high nitric wash. The proposed electrolytic dissolver is recommended to replace the present metal dissolution process for the following reasons: (1) eliminates button sectioning--entire buttons are dissolved; (2) eliminates metal burning; (3) eliminates powder handling; (4) eliminates PuO2 dissolution; (5) reduces solids going to the recovery columns; (6) simple to operate; (7) relatively independent of plutonium metal source; (8) reduces operator time resulting in decreased cost and operator exposure; and (9) will directly dissolve many types of plutonium alloys and cladding materials.
Download or read book Dissolving Plutonium Metal in Sulfamic Acid written by William J. Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plutonium metal was found to dissolve readily in sulfamic acid and in mixtures of sulfamic and nitric acid. This method of dissolution is convenient in a plant process for the recovery of off-standard metal.
Download or read book Hazards Review for Electrolytic Dissolver Installation Hood 3 236 Z Building written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparison of the hazards involved in the existing process and the electrolytic process for dissolving plutonium metal shows that, in the opinion of the review team, no net increase in hazards will occur by operating the electrolytic dissolvers. This new process eliminates several hazardous operations such as metal burning and PuO2 powder handling, and reduces operator time and, therefore, exposure. The new facility can be operated safely provided that the recommendations given previously are implemented.
Download or read book Electrolytic Dissolver for Power Fuels written by Vincent P. Caracciolo and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Electrodeposition of Plutonium written by Oscar Cook and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disposal of Weapon Plutonium written by E.R. Merz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-12-31 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Disposal of Weapons Plutonium is a follow-up event to two preceding workshops, each dealing with a special subject within the overall disarmament issue: "Disposition of Weapon Plutonium", sponsored by the NATO Science Committee. The first workshop of this series was held at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London on 24-25 January 1994, entitled "Managing the Plutonium Surplus, Applications, and Options". Its over all goal was to clarify the current situation with respect to pluto nium characteristics and availability, the technical options for use or disposal, and their main technical, environmental, and economic constraints. In the immediate term, plutonium recovered from dismantled nuclear warheads will have to be stored securely, and under international safeguards if possible. In the intermediate term, the principal alter natives for disposition of this plutonium are: irradiation in mixed oxide (MOX) fuel assemblies in existing commercial light-water reac tors or in specially adapted light-water reactors capable of operation with full cores of MOX fuel .and irradiation in future fast reactors. Another option is to blend plutonium with high-level waste as it is vitrified for final disposal in a geologic repository. In both cases, the high radioactivity of the resulting products provides "self shielding" and prevents separation of plutonium without already developed and available sophisticated technology. The so-called "spent fuel standard" as an effective protection barrier is - quired in either case.
Download or read book Investigation of the Electrolytic Dissolution of Plutonium written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments have shown that it is possible to dissolve plutonium electrolytically in a nitric acid solution. Parameters such as current density and electrolyte composition have been investigated and are discussed. Also included are suggestions for future work.
Download or read book Evaluation of the Metal to metal Contact Basket type Electrolytic Dissolver written by H. T. Hahn and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Series Electrolytic Dissolver for Nuclear Fuels written by M. R. Bomar and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissolution of Plutonium Metal in Sulfamic Acid at Elevated Temperatures written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The kinetics of the dissolution of plutonium metal in sulfamic acid at varying temperatures was determined. Hydrogen off-gas rates and plutonium concentrations were determined as functions of time for different dissolving conditions. Nominal 2.2 kg Pu buttons (surface area, 171 cm2) should yield solutions containing 190 to 260 g Pu/L and 3.3M sulfamate ion after a one-hour dissolving time at 70°C. Hydrogen off-gas rates were calculated to vary from a high of 2.7L of gaseous hydrogen per minute (STP) at the beginning of a dissolving cycle to 50 mL of hydrogen gas per minute at the end of a one-hour dissolving time. Sludge formation, which is a problem at ambient temperatures, does not occur at dissolving temperatures of 60 to 80°C. Dissolution curves suggest that the mechanism of dissolution changes at about 50 to 55°C. Below this temperature, a surface coating of plutonium hydride may form; above this temperature, plutonium metal appears to be converted directly to Pu/sup 3 +/. 13 figures, 1 table.
Download or read book Apparatus and Process for the Electrolytic Reduction of Uranium and Plutonium Oxides written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An apparatus and process for reducing uranium and/or plutonium oxides to produce a solid, high-purity metal. The apparatus is an electrolyte cell consisting of a first container, and a smaller second container within the first container. An electrolyte fills both containers, the level of the electrolyte in the first container being above the top of the second container so that the electrolyte can be circulated between the containers. The anode is positioned in the first container while the cathode is located in the second container. Means are provided for passing an inert gas into the electrolyte near the lower end of the anode to sparge the electrolyte and to remove gases which form on the anode during the reduction operation. Means are also provided for mixing and stirring the electrolyte in the first container to solubilize the metal oxide in the electrolyte and to transport the electrolyte containing dissolved oxide into contact with the cathode in the second container. The cell is operated at a temperature below the melting temperature of the metal product so that the metal forms as a solid on the cathode.
Download or read book Dissolution of Plutonium Metal in HNO sub 3 N sub 2 H sub 4 KF written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plutonium metal dissolves in HNO/sub 3/-N/sub 2/H/sub 4/. HNO/sub 3/-KF solution to yield a Pu/sup 3 +/ solution without an accompanying precipitation of plutonium oxide solids. The reaction evolves less than 0.2 mole of gas per mole of plutonium dissolved; the gas contains only 3% H/sub 2/. About 10/sup -3/ moles of HN/sub 3/ are produced per mole of plutonium dissolved. Optimum conditions for dissolving both alpha-phase and delta-phase plutonium metal were developed. Possible applications are to the recovery of plutonium metal or the processing of irradiated plutonium metal and alloys.
Download or read book The Purificationof Plutonium by Electrolysis of the Solid Metal written by W. Z. Wade and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Metallurgy of Nuclear Fuel written by V. S. Yemel'Yanov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Metallurgy of Nuclear Fuel: Properties and Principles of the Technology of Uranium, Thorium and Plutonium is a systematic analysis of the metallurgy of nuclear fuel, with emphasis on the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties as well as the technology of uranium, thorium, and plutonium, together with their alloys and compounds. The minerals and raw material sources of nuclear fuel are discussed, along with the principles of the technology of the raw material processing and the production of the principal compounds, and of the pure metals and alloys. Comprised of three parts, this volume begins with an introduction to the history of the discovery of uranium and its position in the periodic system; its use as a nuclear fuel; radioactivity and isotopic composition; alloys and compounds; and physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. The effect of mechanical and thermal treatment, thermal cycling and irradiation on the physicochemical properties of uranium is also examined. The next two sections are devoted to thorium and plutonium and includes chapters dealing with their uses, alloys and compounds, and methods of recovery and purification. This book is written for university students, but should also prove useful to young production engineers and scientific workers who are concerned with problems in the metallurgy of nuclear fuel.
Download or read book Kinetics of the Ambient Temperature Dissolution of Plutonium Metal in Sulfamic Acid written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stoichiometry and the kinetics of the ambient temperature dissolution of alpha-phase plutonium in sulfamic acid has been determined. Hydrogen off-gas rates and plutonium concentrations were calculated as functions of time for a variety of dissolving conditions. Calculations show that nominal 2.2 kg Pu buttons (surface area, 171 cm2) should yield solutions containing 60 +- 10 g Pu/L after a one-hour dissolving cycle. Hydrogen off-gas rates were calculated to vary from as high as 780 mL of gaseous hydrogen per minute (STP) at the beginning of a dissolving cycle to as low as 150 mL H2(g) per min near the end of a dissolving cycle.
Download or read book Electrolysis Cell for Reprocessing Plutonium Reactor Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An electrolytic cell for refining a mixture of metals including spent fuel containing U and Pu contaminated with other metals, the cell including a metallic pot containing a metallic pool as one anode at a lower level, a fused salt as the electrolyte at an intermediate level and a cathode and an anode basket in spaced-apart positions in the electrolyte with the cathode and anode being retractable to positions above the electrolyte during which spent fuel may be added to the anode basket and the anode basket being extendable into the lower pool to dissolve at least some metallic contaminants, the anode basket containing the spent fuel acting as a second anode when in the electrolyte.
