Download or read book Electrochemical Study and Characterization of Novel Microelectrode Materials written by Albert Brennsteiner and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanistic Electrochemical Characterization of Novel Microelectrode Arrays and Their Application in Mapping Brain Activity Across Species and Humans written by Mehran Ganji and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrocorticography (ECoG) arrays are used in clinical mapping for neurosurgical resection and hold the promise for less damaging brain-machine interfaces. Current clinical ECoG electrodes face physical limits to the number of contact sites, spatial resolution (centimeter scale), and contact diameter (millimeter scale), and thus cannot resolve the dynamically changing neural activity over sub-millimeter scales . In addition to these practical limitations, current clinical electrode arrays are constrained to non-conformal electrode-carriers/substrates and to less-optimal metal electrochemical interfaces. Increasing the flexibility of clinical electrodes may lead to higher signal-to-noise ratios as well as higher spatial specificity and this also requires overcoming substantial physical barriers due to the compromised metal electrochemical interface properties. The objectives of this thesis, described in seven chapters, are to develop high performance, safe, and durable neural electrode interfaces to yield stable, high signal-to-noise ratio cortical recordings in animal models as well as in humans. In the second chapter, we demonstrate that sterilization of PEDOT:PSS electrophysiology devices can be performed using an autoclave. We find that autoclaving is a viable sterilization method, leaving morphology unaltered and causing only minor changes in electrical properties. These results pave the way for the widespread utilization of PEDOT:PSS electrophysiology devices in the clinic. In the third chapter, we translate the use of robust PEDOT:PSS microelectrode arrays for safe intraoperative monitoring of the human brain. PEDOT:PSS micro-electrodes measured significant differential neural modulation under various clinically relevant conditions. We report the first evoked (stimulus-locked) cognitive activity with changes in amplitude across pial surface distances as small as 400 [mu]m, potentially enabling basic neurophysiology studies at the scale of neural micro-circuitry. In the fourth and fifth chapters, we present the first systematic study of scaling effects on the electrochemical properties of Pt and Au metallic and PEDOT:PSS organic electrodes from neural recording and stimulation perspectives. PEDOT:PSS coating reduced the impedances of metallic electrodes by up to 18X. The overall reduced noise of the PEDOT:PSS microelectrodes enable a lower noise floor for recording action-potentials with high fidelity. We observed a substantial enhancement in charge injection capacity up to 9.5X for PEDOT:PSS microelectrodes compared to metal ones and 88% lower required power for injecting the same charge density. These results permit quantitative optimization of contact material and diameter for different ECoG applications. In the sixth chapter, We report an effective method of mechanically anchoring the PEDOT within the Au nanorod (Au-nr) structure and demonstrate that it provides enhanced adhesion and overall PEDOT layer stability under various electrochemical (charge injection) and In vivo stability tests. In the seventh chapter, we report the fabrication of pure Pt nanorods (PtNRs) by utilizing low-temperature selective dealloying to develop scalable and biocompatible 1D platinum nanorod (PtNR) arrays that exhibit superb electrochemical properties at various length scales for high-performance neurotechnologies. PtNR arrays record brain activity with cellular resolution from the cortical surfaces in birds, mice, and non-human primates; demonstrating the PtNR microelectrode system as a robust system for high performance and stable neural electrode interfaces.
Download or read book Handbook of Electrochemistry written by Cynthia G. Zoski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-02-07 with total page 935 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemistry plays a key role in a broad range of research and applied areas including the exploration of new inorganic and organic compounds, biochemical and biological systems, corrosion, energy applications involving fuel cells and solar cells, and nanoscale investigations. The Handbook of Electrochemistry serves as a source of electrochemical information, providing details of experimental considerations, representative calculations, and illustrations of the possibilities available in electrochemical experimentation. The book is divided into five parts: Fundamentals, Laboratory Practical, Techniques, Applications, and Data. The first section covers the fundamentals of electrochemistry which are essential for everyone working in the field, presenting an overview of electrochemical conventions, terminology, fundamental equations, and electrochemical cells, experiments, literature, textbooks, and specialized books. Part 2 focuses on the different laboratory aspects of electrochemistry which is followed by a review of the various electrochemical techniques ranging from classical experiments to scanning electrochemical microscopy, electrogenerated chemiluminesence and spectroelectrochemistry. Applications of electrochemistry include electrode kinetic determinations, unique aspects of metal deposition, and electrochemistry in small places and at novel interfaces and these are detailed in Part 4. The remaining three chapters provide useful electrochemical data and information involving electrode potentials, diffusion coefficients, and methods used in measuring liquid junction potentials. * serves as a source of electrochemical information * includes useful electrochemical data and information involving electrode potentials, diffusion coefficients, and methods used in measuring liquid junction potentials * reviews electrochemical techniques (incl. scanning electrochemical microscopy, electrogenerated chemiluminesence and spectroelectrochemistry)
Download or read book Microelectrodes Theory and Applications written by I. Montenegro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of microelectrodes is widely recognised and interest in their application in diverse areas of research has been increasing over the past ten years. In fact, several meetings organized by the International Society of Electrochemistry, The American Chemical Society and The U. S. Electrochemical Society have analysed various aspects of their theory and applications. For this reason it seemed that the time had arrived when scientists from around the world, actively concerned with research in the area of microelectrodes, should meet, exchange ideas and assess the direction of future developments. Furthermore, it seemed appropriate that this meeting should be held as a NATO Advanced Study Institute, so that students and young scientists with research interests in microelectrodes would have the opportunity to interact with experts in the field, establish future collaboration and, hopefully, catalyse new developments in the area. The meeting was held in Alvor, Portugal, in May 1990. This book compiles the lectures delivered in the Institute. It reviews the most important aspects of microelectrodes and points out directions for future research in this field. Several contributions discuss recent developments in theoretical aspects such as the properties of various geometries and computational procedures for solving the equations describing the coupling of mass transport to microelectrodes with heterogeneous electron tranfer and homogeneous chemistry. The materials and methods available for microelectrodes manufacture are presented in some detail. Both steady state and transient techniques are covered and the interaction of theory with experiment is discussed.
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Materials for Electrochemical Devices written by Kartik Ramachandran and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Electrochemistry of Novel Materials written by Jacek Lipkowski and published by VCH Publishers. This book was released on 1994 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume concentrates on materials science. The materials covered include: new materials for Li batteries, new electronically conducting polymers, new materials for photoelectrodes, new materials for lithium battery cathodes, and new ionic and polymeric electrolytes.
Download or read book Synthesis Characterization and Application of Electrode Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been known that significant advances in electrochemistry really depend on improvements in the sensitivity, selectivity, convenience, and/or economy of working electrodes, especially through the development of new working electrode materials. The advancement of solid state chemistry and materials science makes it possible to provide the materials which may be required as satisfactory electrode materials. The combination of solid state techniques with electrochemistry expands the applications of solid state materials and leads to the improvement of electrocatalysis. The study of Ru-Ti4O-- and Pt-Ti4O-- microelectrode arrays as introduced in paper 1 and paper 4, respectively, focuses on their synthesis and characterization. The synthesis is described by high temperature techniques for Ru or Pt microelectrode arrays within a conductive Ti4O-- ceramic matrix. The characterization is based on the data obtained by x-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, voltammetry and amperometry. These microelectrode arrays show significant enhancement in current densities in comparison to solid Ru and Pt electrodes. Electrocatalysis at pyrochlore oxide Bi2Ru2O{sub 7.3} and Bi2Ir2O-- electrodes are described in paper 2 and paper 3, respectively. Details are reported for the synthesis and characterization of composite Bi2Ru2O{sub 7.3} electrodes. Voltammetric data are examined for evidence that oxidation can occur with transfer of oxygen to the oxidation products in the potential region corresponding to anodic discharge of H2O with simultaneous evolution of O2. Paper 3 includes electrocatalytic activities of composite Bi2Ir2O-- disk electrodes for the oxidation of I− and the reduction of IO3−.
Download or read book Nanoelectrochemistry written by Michael V. Mirkin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoscale electrochemistry has revolutionized electrochemical research and technologies and has impacted other fields, including nanotechnology and nanoscience, biology, and materials chemistry. This book examines well-established concepts and principles and provides an updated overview of the field and its applications. The first two chapters contain theoretical background, specifically, theories of electron transfer, transport, and double-layer processes at nanoscale electrochemical interfaces. The next chapters examine the electrochemical studies of nanomaterials and nanosystems, as well as the applications of nanoelectrochemical techniques. Each chapter can be read independently, providing readers with a compact, up-to-date review of th
Download or read book Electrochemical Methods for Neuroscience written by Adrian C. Michael and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first implant of a carbon microelectrode in a rat 35 years ago, there have been substantial advances in the sensitivity, selectivity and temporal resolution of electrochemical techniques. Today, these methods provide neurochemical information that is not accessible by other means. The growing recognition of the versatility of electrochemi
Download or read book Electrochemical Approach to Structurally Well defined Nano and Micro materials written by Weiqiang Lv and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Techniques for Characterization of Electrodes and Electrochemical Processes written by Ravi Varma and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1991-06-07 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading authorities in their respective fields, it presents review articles on in situ or quasi-in situ techniques for the characterization of electrodes and electrochemical processes--appropriate for surface or bulk phase analysis. Divided into two sections covering in situ monitoring and characterization of structure and compositions of electrodes, electrolytes and products during electrolysis in Part A, and electrochemical techniques and theoretical-modeling tools in Part B.
Download or read book Electrochemistry of Immobilized Particles and Droplets written by Fritz Scholz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of a successful and highly-accessed monograph has been extended by more than 100 pages. It includes an enlarged coverage of applications for materials characterization and analysis. Also a more detailed description of strategies for determining free energies of ion transfer between miscible liquids is provided. This is now possible with a “third-phase strategy” which the authors explain from theoretical and practical points of view. The book is still the only one detailing strategies for solid state electroanalysis. It also features the specific potential of the techniques to use immobilized particles (for studies of solid materials) and of immobilized droplets of immiscible liquids for the purpose of studying the three-phase electrochemistry of these liquids. This also includes studies of ion transfer between aqueous and immiscible non-aqueous liquids. The bibliography of all published papers in this field of research has been expanded from 318 to now 444 references in this second edition. Not only are pertinent references provided at the end of each chapter, but the complete list of the cited literature is also offered as a separate chapter for easy reference.
Download or read book Processing and Characterization of Electrochemical Materials and Devices written by Prashant N. Kumta and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Proceedings of the Processing and Characterization of Electrochemical Materials and Devices Symposium, held at the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society, Indianapolis, Indiana, April 25-28, 1999" --T.p. verso.
Download or read book New Electrode Materials and the Electrochemical Characterization of Immobilized Redox Species written by Sherry Culbertson Perine and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electroanalytical Methods written by Fritz Scholz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-21 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This laboratory book delivers hands-on advice to researchers in all fields of life and physical sciences already applying or intending to apply electro-analytical methods in their research. The authors represent in a strictly practice-oriented manner not only the necessary theoretical background but also substantial know-how on measurement techniques, interpretation of data, experimental setup and trouble shooting. The author and the editor are well-known specialists in their field.
Download or read book Novel Microelectrochemical Devices written by Martin Otto Schloh and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrochemical Strategies in Detection Science written by Damien W. M. Arrigan and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemical methods of chemical analysis have been widely used for many years, the purpose of this volume is to address research and development advances based on new and re-vitalised methods, new materials with enhanced properties and new devices that achieve better electroanalytical signal generation.
