Download or read book Electrochemical and Corrosion Examination of Copper Under Deep Geologic Conditions for the Application of Nuclear Waste Containers written by Taylor L. Martino and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Copper is the selected material for the fabrication of nuclear fuel waste containers in Sweden, Finland and Canada due to its corrosion resistance in the anoxic aqueous environments, anticipated in deep geological repositories. A potential oxidant for copper is bisulphide produced either by the dissolution of minerals or by sulphate-reducing bacteria. The primary goals of this thesis were to determine the mechanism of corrosion of copper in bisulphide environments and to investigate the chemistry of the bentonite porewater that will ultimately be in contact with the copper container. The mechanism of sulphide film growth and the details of copper corrosion in anoxic aqueous bisulphide solutions in the presence of various groundwater anions have been investigated electrochemically. The chalcocite films were analyzed via voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface analysis. Under these conditions, growth of a coherent film occurred initially but the development of interfacial stresses led rapidly to film fracture. Upon fracture, a resistive outer chalcocite deposit formed with continued growth governed by the mass transport of bisulphide. Specific anion effects were observed with chloride, a common groundwater ion, found to maintain porosity in the chalcocite film while the oxyanions, sulphate and bicarbonate were found to suppress film growth. At high bisulphide concentrations and positive potentials growth of the outer deposit caused an apparent partial passivation of the surface, which theoretically could lead to localized film breakdown and pitting. However, the required high bisulphide concentrations are not attainable in a deep geologic repository and pitting should not occur. Bentonite porewater chemistry was successfully monitored using a novel experimental set-up. Electrochemical sensors monitoring pH, chloride concentration and the copper corrosion potential were placed both on the surface and inside of a bentonite clay disk. The results showed that the bentonite acted like a pH buffer and chloride from bulk solution adsorbed onto the montmorillonite structure. Corrosion potential measurements suggested that corrosion likely occurred via formation of a copper chloride complex or growth of a cuprite film. Data collected from these studies will be used directly by SKB via incorporation into models.
Download or read book Copper Corrosion Under Expected Conditions in a Deep Geologic Repository written by F. King and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tiivistelmä: Kuparin korroosio odotettavissa olevissa olosuhteissa syvällä kallioperässä sijaitsevassa loppusijoitustilassa.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Nuclear Materials written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 4871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials in a nuclear environment are exposed to extreme conditions of radiation, temperature and/or corrosion, and in many cases the combination of these makes the material behavior very different from conventional materials. This is evident for the four major technological challenges the nuclear technology domain is facing currently: (i) long-term operation of existing Generation II nuclear power plants, (ii) the design of the next generation reactors (Generation IV), (iii) the construction of the ITER fusion reactor in Cadarache (France), (iv) and the intermediate and final disposal of nuclear waste. In order to address these challenges, engineers and designers need to know the properties of a wide variety of materials under these conditions and to understand the underlying processes affecting changes in their behavior, in order to assess their performance and to determine the limits of operation. Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set provides broad ranging, validated summaries of all the major topics in the field of nuclear material research for fission as well as fusion reactor systems. Attention is given to the fundamental scientific aspects of nuclear materials: fuel and structural materials for fission reactors, waste materials, and materials for fusion reactors. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource of information. Most of the chapters from the first Edition have been revised and updated and a significant number of new topics are covered in completely new material. During the ten years between the two editions, the challenge for applications of nuclear materials has been significantly impacted by world events, public awareness, and technological innovation. Materials play a key role as enablers of new technologies, and we trust that this new edition of Comprehensive Nuclear Materials has captured the key recent developments. Critically reviews the major classes and functions of materials, supporting the selection, assessment, validation and engineering of materials in extreme nuclear environments Comprehensive resource for up-to-date and authoritative information which is not always available elsewhere, even in journals Provides an in-depth treatment of materials modeling and simulation, with a specific focus on nuclear issues Serves as an excellent entry point for students and researchers new to the field
Download or read book Corrosion of Copper in Concentrated Aqueous Chloride Under Anaerobic Conditions written by Bahar Abghari and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Anoxic Corrosion of Copper in Pure Water and Chloride Rich Brines written by Emilija Ilic and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1028 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Developments in Electrochemistry written by Derek Pletcher and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-08-11 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Martin Fleischmann was truly one of the ‘fathers’ of modern electrochemistry having made major contributions to diverse topics within electrochemical science and technology. These include the theory and practice of voltammetry and in situ spectroscopic techniques, instrumentation, electrochemical phase formation, corrosion, electrochemical engineering, electrosynthesis and cold fusion. While intended to honour the memory of Martin Fleischmann, Developments in Electrochemistry is neither a biography nor a history of his contributions. Rather, the book is a series of critical reviews of topics in electrochemical science associated with Martin Fleischmann but remaining important today. The authors are all scientists with outstanding international reputations who have made their own contribution to their topic; most have also worked with Martin Fleischmann and benefitted from his guidance. Each of the 19 chapters within this volume begin with an outline of Martin Fleischmann’s contribution to the topic, followed by examples of research, established applications and prospects for future developments. The book is of interest to both students and experienced workers in universities and industry who are active in developing electrochemical science.
Download or read book An Update of the State of the art Report on the Corrosion of Copper Under Expected Conditions in a Deep Geologic Repository written by Fraser King and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Corrosion Science and Engineering written by Damien Feron and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 1073 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion of nuclear materials, i.e. the interaction between these materials and their environments, is a major issue for plant safety as well as for operation and economic competitiveness. Understanding these corrosion mechanisms, the systems and materials they affect, and the methods to accurately measure their incidence is of critical importance to the nuclear industry. Combining assessment techniques and analytical models into this understanding allows operators to predict the service life of corrosion-affected nuclear plant materials, and to apply the most appropriate maintenance and mitigation options to ensure safe long term operation.This book critically reviews the fundamental corrosion mechanisms that affect nuclear power plants and facilities. Initial sections introduce the complex field of nuclear corrosion science, with detailed chapters on the different types of both aqueous and non aqueous corrosion mechanisms and the nuclear materials susceptible to attack from them. This is complemented by reviews of monitoring and control methodologies, as well as modelling and lifetime prediction approaches. Given that corrosion is an applied science, the final sections review corrosion issues across the range of current and next-generation nuclear reactors, and across such nuclear applications as fuel reprocessing facilities, radioactive waste storage and geological disposal systems.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Nuclear corrosion science and engineering is an invaluable reference for nuclear metallurgists, materials scientists and engineers, as well as nuclear facility operators, regulators and consultants, and researchers and academics in this field. - Comprehensively reviews the fundamental corrosion mechanisms that affect nuclear power plants and facilities - Chapters assess different types of both aqueous and non aqueous corrosion mechanisms and the nuclear materials susceptible to attack from them - Considers monitoring and control methodologies, as well as modelling and lifetime prediction approaches
Download or read book Microstructural Characterization of Copper Coatings on Nuclear Waste Containers for the Long Term Disposal of Canada s Used Nuclear Fuel written by Weiwei Li and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nuclear Waste Management Organization has proposed a deep geological repository solution for the long-term disposal of Canada's nuclear waste fuel. A critical part of this solution is the used fuel container which houses the waste fuel. This container is made of steel and is coated with copper via the electrodeposition and cold spray processes to provide corrosion resistance. Microstructural characterization was conducted on the electrodeposited and cold sprayed copper coatings of the UFC, as well as wrought copper reference material through electron backscattered diffraction, focused ion beam microscopy, and SEM imaging. Electrodeposited copper is expected to have the optimal corrosion resistance based on the structure-property relationships for corrosion of pure copper. This is primarily due to its smaller grain size and higher frequency of special grain boundaries.
Download or read book Sulphur Assisted Corrosion in Nuclear Disposal Systems written by Damien Féron and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the different disposal concepts for high-level nuclear waste, corrosion of the metallic barriers and in particular the overpack/container is a major issue. It is imperative for performance assessment to predict the lifetime of these containers. In the lifetime prediction of metallic barriers for the disposal of high level nuclear waste (HLW) or of spent fuel, the presence of (reduced) sulphur species is an issue of growing importance, as the sulphur species are involved in localised corrosion phenomena. The international workshop on Sulphur-Assisted Corrosion in Nuclear Waste Disposal Systems (SACNUC2008) aimed to provide an exchange of information on the influence of sulphur species on the corrosion of metallic barriers. This workshop was a co-organisation of the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK*CEN, and the Belgian Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials, ONDRAF/NIRAS, under the auspices of the European Federation of Corrosion (EFC event N 311). The proceedings are divided into five chapters: Chapter 1 provides a general overview of the disposal concepts of nuclear waste and the role of corrosion. Chapter 2 explains the mechanism of sulphur-induced corrosion processes. This chapter also contains information from outside the nuclear disposal field in which sulphur is known to act as a detrimental factor (e.g. oil and gas industry). Chapter 3 addresses the role of microbial processes in sulphur-assisted corrosion. Chapter 4 covers the modelling of sulphide-assisted corrosion. Chapter 5 is devoted to a panel discussion aiming to identify open issues in the investigation of sulphur-assisted corrosion phenomena and how to incorporate these in robust lifetime prediction of metallic barriers.
Download or read book An Update of the State of the art Report on the Corrosion of Copper Under Expected Conditions in a Deep Geologic Repository written by Fraser King and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Corrosion Rate of Copper in a Bentonite Test Package Measured with Electric Resistance Sensors written by Bo Rosborg and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Test Parcel of copper and bentonite was exposed for six years in the Äspo HardRock Laboratory, which offers a realistic environment for the conditions that will prevail in a deep repository for high-level radioactive waste disposal in Sweden. In January 2007 electric resistance (ER) sensors of pure copper were also installed in test package from deep repository. The results from the ER measurements of corrosion rate of copper from start in January 2007 to April 2011 are presented in this report. In summary, the measurements have shown that the corrosion rate of pure copper exposed to an oxic bentonite/saline groundwater environment can be followed by ER and electrochemical techniques, and corrosion rate decreases slowly with time to very low values (
Download or read book Proceedings of the Copper 99 Cobre 99 International Conference Plenary lectures written by G. A. Eltringham and published by Minerals, Metals, & Materials Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume I contains plenary lectures addressing key issues confronting copper producers, namely future markets for copper, aspects of copper market forecasting, the financial performance of the industry, copper extraction technologies, and future developments and environmental constraints. This proceedings volume also includes eleven papers related to movement of copper and the industry's outlook, divided into the two broad areas of economics and finances and markets and trends. Six papers on new developments in the fabrication of copper-based alloys and materials and nine papers on a wide range of topics related to copper applications close out the volume.
Download or read book The Microbiology of Nuclear Waste Disposal written by Jonathan R. Lloyd and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-10-22 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Microbiology of Nuclear Waste Disposal is a state-of-the-art reference featuring contributions focusing on the impact of microbes on the safe long-term disposal of nuclear waste. This book is the first to cover this important emerging topic, and is written for a wide audience encompassing regulators, implementers, academics, and other stakeholders. The book is also of interest to those working on the wider exploitation of the subsurface, such as bioremediation, carbon capture and storage, geothermal energy, and water quality. Planning for suitable facilities in the U.S., Europe, and Asia has been based mainly on knowledge from the geological and physical sciences. However, recent studies have shown that microbial life can proliferate in the inhospitable environments associated with radioactive waste disposal, and can control the long-term fate of nuclear materials. This can have beneficial and damaging impacts, which need to be quantified. - Encompasses expertise from both the bio and geo disciplines, aiming to foster important collaborations across this disciplinary divide - Includes reviews and research papers from leading groups in the field - Provides helpful guidance in light of plans progressing worldwide for geological disposal facilities - Includes timely research for planning and safety case development
Download or read book A Potentiostatic Study of the Reduction of Oxygen on Copper in 1 Mol dm 3 NaCl written by F. King and published by Pinawa, Man. : Whiteshell Laboratories. This book was released on 1994 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissolved oxygen will be the major oxidant of copper containers used for the disposal of nuclear fuel waste deep underground in the granitic rock of the Canadian Shield. Despite widespread use of copper alloys in corrosive environments, the mechanism of oxygen reduction on copper is poorly understood, and there is an even greater lack of reliable kinetic data from which predictions of corrosion rates and potential might be made. This potentiostatic study was conducted to investigate the mechanism of oxygen reduction under conditions simulating those in a nuclear fuel waste disposal vault and to provide kinetic data for use in models to predict the long-term corrosion behaviour of copper containers.
