Download or read book Electrochemical Abatement of Pollutants NO sub X and SO sub X in Combustion Exhaust Gases Employing a Solid oxide Electrolyte written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the fourth quarter of this grant, the major accomplishment concerns the spectroscopic investigation of oxygen vacancies in YSZ and ESB. The nature of electrolytic blackening'' was studied. It was found that the same reduction processes that turn polycrystalline YSZ black turn single crystals orange. Two absorption bands attributable to this orange coloration, 328 and 470 nm, were observed. The 328 nm absorption band agrees with theoretical calculations for an F-center YSZ. Several fluorescence bands were also observed. An excitation band at 302 nm was found to increase in intensity upon reduction of YSZ and the resulting emission at 580 nm was found to have a temperature dependence typical of F-centers. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis of the formation of color-centers upon reduction of YSZ as being responsible for blackening'' and the resulting enhancement of electrocatalytic reactivity.
Download or read book Electrochemical Abatement of Pollutants NO subscript X and SO subscript X in Combustion Exhaust Gases Employing a Solid oxide Electrolyte Second Quarterly Report January 1989 March 1989 written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of oxygen vacancies in the conductivity of ESB was studied using such solidstate techniques as differential thermal analysis and x-ray diffraction. A change in the slope of conductivity vs. reciprocal temperature, at (approximately)600°C, indicates two different conductivity regions. The above techniques were used to show that the change in slope is due to an order-disorder transition of the oxygen sublattice. At high temperatures, the oxygen sublattice is disordered resulting in a high mobility of oxygen vacancies and a low apparent activation energy. At low temperatures the oxygen sublattice tends to order, with the vacancies aligning in (111) planes. The higher activation energy in this temperature regime is than due to the extra energy required to free a vacancy from the ordered state. Furthermore, a reversible aging phenomenon in the conductivity of ESB was observed. For ESB annealed in this lower temperature region, the conductivity was observed to decay with time as the oxygen sublattice ordered. Heating above transition point will completely reverse this process by disordering the oxygen sublattice, and returning the conductivity to its initial value.
Download or read book Electrochemical Abatement of Pollutants NO subscript X and SO subscript X in Combustion Exhaust Gases Employing a Solid oxide Electrolyte Fourth Quarterly Report July 1989 September 1989 written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the fourth quarter of this grant, the major accomplishment concerns the spectroscopic investigation of oxygen vacancies in YSZ and ESB. The nature of electrolytic ''blackening'' was studied. It was found that the same reduction processes that turn polycrystalline YSZ black turn single crystals orange. Two absorption bands attributable to this orange coloration, 328 and 470 nm, were observed. The 328 nm absorption band agrees with theoretical calculations for an F-center YSZ. Several fluorescence bands were also observed. An excitation band at 302 nm was found to increase in intensity upon reduction of YSZ and the resulting emission at 580 nm was found to have a temperature dependence typical of F-centers. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis of the formation of color-centers upon reduction of YSZ as being responsible for ''blackening'' and the resulting enhancement of electrocatalytic reactivity.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information and foreign nonnuclear information.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-04 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acid Precipitation written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ASME Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Simultaneous Particulates NO Sub X SO Sub X Removal from Flue Gas by All Solid state Electrochemical Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process control SO(subscript x), NO(subscript x), and particulate emission from coal combustion flue gases. It is based on a solid-state, electrochemical reactor which converts NO(subscript x) and SO2 to nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Sulfur is condensed downstream at a lower temperature. Particulates are removed with a filter or electrostatic precipitator. The process utilizes no other material input (flue gas is the only fluid), has no moving parts, and produces no sludge(s). The reactor consists of an electrochemical cell where the electrolyte is a solid oxygen ion conducting ceramic such as stabilized ceria or zirconia and the electrodes are electronically conductive material(s). Porous metal such as silver or gold were used as electrodes in the experimental work. Acceptable reduction rates and electric power requirements for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide removal were obtained in up to 1% oxygen with ruthenium and strontium ruthenate electrocatalysts. Electrocatalytic improvements are needed for higher oxygen concentrations, with the NO reduction rates and efficiencies being most sensitive to oxygen concentration. The best electrocatalysts were ruthenium and the perovskite strontium ruthenate. 37 refs., 23 figs., 26 tabs.
Download or read book Method for Simultaneously Removing SO sub 2 and NO sub X Pollutants from Exhaust of a Combustion System written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method is disclosed for removing pollutants from the exhaust of combustion systems burning fuels containing substantial amounts of sulfur and nitrogen. An exemplary method of the invention involves the formation and reaction of a sorbent comprising calcium magnesium acetate (CMA). The CMA is either dry-sprayed (in the form of a fine powder) or wet-sprayed in an aqueous solution in a high temperature environment such as a combustion chamber. The latter technique is feasible since CMA is a uniquely water-soluble form of calcium and magnesium. When the dispersed particles of CMA are heated to a high temperature, fine calcium and magnesium oxide particles, which are hollow with thin and highly porous walls are formed, affording optimum external and internal accessibility for reacting with toxic gaseous emissions such as SO.sub. 2. Further, the combustion of the organic acetate portion of the sorbent results in the conversion of NO.sub.x to N.sub. 2.
Download or read book Electro catalytic Reduction of NO Sub X written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this investigation, a stream containing nitric oxide has been subjected to intense electric fields in the presence of catalysts. The work has been conducted in two phases. In the first phase catalysts tested included steel, stainless steel, and gold plated stainless steel wools. The effect of parameters such as inlet nitric oxide concentration, oxygen and water vapor content, gas residence time and temperature on NO reduction have been studied. In the second phase, the effect of non-conducting materials such as glass wool as a catalyst on NO reduction has been investigated. Experiments were also conducted with no catalyst to study the advantage of catalyst use.
Download or read book Simultaneous SO sub 2 NO sub X Abatement Using Zeolite supported Copper Progress Report October 1 1995 September 30 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bulk of the results from this project, besides being found in the research reports, are in the form of two theses presented for advanced degrees by two different students at two different institutions. Francis E. Porbeni is a Master's Degree student in Chemistry at Clark Atlanta University and has prepared his Master's Thesis entitled Simultaneous SO[sub 2] Oxidation and NO Decomposition over Copper Oxide on[gamma]-Alumina Catalysts: An Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Study. Sumit Rao, a Ph. D. student in Chemical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology has defended his thesis entitled Role of Copper Ensemble Size in Silica and Zeolite Supported Catalysts for Nitric Oxide Decomposition. These two documents, which will be forwarded when final copies are available, provide the details of the bulk of the research accomplished over the duration of this project. These two documents are summarized, and other results from the project are given.
Download or read book The Electrochemical Performance of Thin electrolyte Solid Oxide Fuel Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several benefits are realized by lowering the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) from 1000C to temperatures in the 600 to 800C range. Among the advantages are decreased reaction between fuel cell components, shorter startup times, and the possibility of using metals in stack construction; however, the achievable power density in conventional SOFCs is too low. A strategy for overcoming this limitation is to decrease the thickness of this layer by approximately an order of magnitude. Thin (5 [mu]m) electrolyte SOFCs have recently been fabricated by Allied-Signal Aerospace Systems and Equipment Company (ASASE). The electrochemical performance of these cells has been studied and is discussed in this paper.
Download or read book Hydrogen Batteries and Fuel Cells written by Bengt Sundén and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-07-02 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen, Batteries and Fuel Cells provides the science necessary to understand these important areas, considering theory and practice, practical problem-solving, descriptions of bottlenecks, and future energy system applications. The title covers hydrogen as an energy carrier, including its production and storage; the application and analysis of electrochemical devices, such as batteries, fuel cells and electrolyzers; and the modeling and thermal management of momentum, heat, mass and charge transport phenomena. This book offers fundamental and integrated coverage on these topics that is critical to the development of future energy systems. Combines coverage of hydrogen, batteries and fuel cells in the context of future energy systems Provides the fundamental science needed to understand future energy systems in theory and practice Gives examples of problems and solutions in the use of hydrogen, batteries and fuel cells Considers basic issues in understanding hydrogen and electrochemical devices Describes methods for modeling and thermal management in future energy systems
