Download or read book Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-11-25 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electric power delivery system that carries electricity from large central generators to customers could be severely damaged by a small number of well-informed attackers. The system is inherently vulnerable because transmission lines may span hundreds of miles, and many key facilities are unguarded. This vulnerability is exacerbated by the fact that the power grid, most of which was originally designed to meet the needs of individual vertically integrated utilities, is being used to move power between regions to support the needs of competitive markets for power generation. Primarily because of ambiguities introduced as a result of recent restricting the of the industry and cost pressures from consumers and regulators, investment to strengthen and upgrade the grid has lagged, with the result that many parts of the bulk high-voltage system are heavily stressed. Electric systems are not designed to withstand or quickly recover from damage inflicted simultaneously on multiple components. Such an attack could be carried out by knowledgeable attackers with little risk of detection or interdiction. Further well-planned and coordinated attacks by terrorists could leave the electric power system in a large region of the country at least partially disabled for a very long time. Although there are many examples of terrorist and military attacks on power systems elsewhere in the world, at the time of this study international terrorists have shown limited interest in attacking the U.S. power grid. However, that should not be a basis for complacency. Because all parts of the economy, as well as human health and welfare, depend on electricity, the results could be devastating. Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System focuses on measures that could make the power delivery system less vulnerable to attacks, restore power faster after an attack, and make critical services less vulnerable while the delivery of conventional electric power has been disrupted.
Download or read book Electricity Delivery and Security written by Jason Mckinney and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The federal government first supported a program for energy storage and electric power system technology during the 1970s, before the establishment of the Department of Energy (DOE). In the early days, the program was focused mainly on energy storageespecially to even out the variable power production from wind and solar technologiesbut also to support large coal and nuclear power plants. The development of computer capacity and miniaturisation has expanded the ability of grid operators to monitor and control electric power flows. The subsequent increase in networking of computerised devices for grid data collection and control advanced the ability of operators to anticipate, avoid, and otherwise mitigate potential power crises, such as blackouts. However, in more recent years, the computerisation and networking have become vulnerable to unwanted computer-driven intrusions and disruptions, revealing a new cybersecurity challenge for electric power system technology. The nations energy infrastructure is diverse and complex. It includes distributed networks, varied system structures (electricity, oil, and natural gas), an array of operating models (public and private), and different systems in both the physical space and cyberspace. The energy sector consists of thousands of electricity, oil, and natural gas assets1 that are geographically dispersed and provide for all nationally important systems and networks. Thus, interdependency within the sector and across the nations critical infrastructure sectors is significant. Coordinating the security and resilience of energy assets is complicated by the borderless nature of energy and reliance on predominantly privately owned infrastructure. This book examines the federal oversight of electricity delivery and security. It also discusses activities and funding of electricity delivery and security.
Download or read book Smart Grid Security written by Gilbert N. Sorebo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Smart Grid has the potential to revolutionize electricity delivery systems, and the security of its infrastructure is a vital concern not only for cyber-security practitioners, engineers, policy makers, and utility executives, but also for the media and consumers. Smart Grid Security: An End-to-End View of Security in the New Electrical Grid explores the important techniques, challenges, and forces that will shape how we achieve a secure twenty-first century electric grid. Includes a Foreword by Michael Assante, President and CEO, National Board of Information Security Examiners Following an overview of the components of the Smart Grid, the book delves into the evolution of security standards and regulations and examines ways in which the Smart Grid might be regulated. The authors discuss the technical details about how metering technology is being implemented and the likely threats and vulnerabilities that utilities will face. They address the home area network (HAN) and examine distribution and transmission—the foundation for the delivery of electricity, along with distributed generation, micro-grids, and operations. The book explores future concepts—such as energy storage and the use of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)—in addition to the concomitant risk for fraud and manipulation with stored energy. Consumer-related issues are discussed as they pertain to emerging ways of receiving and generating energy. The book examines dysfunctions ranging from inadvertent outages to cyber-attack and presents recommendations on how to respond to these incidents. It concludes with speculation of future cyber-security challenges and discusses new ways that the grid can be defended, such as better key management and protection. Written in a style rigorous enough for the practitioner yet accessible to a broad audience, this comprehensive volume covers a topic that is becoming more critical to industry and consumers everywhere.
Download or read book Smart Grid Security written by Gilbert N. Sorebo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-12-05 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Smart Grid has the potential to revolutionize electricity delivery systems, and the security of its infrastructure is a vital concern not only for cyber-security practitioners, engineers, policy makers, and utility executives, but also for the media and consumers. Smart Grid Security: An End-to-End View of Security in the New Electrical Grid ex
Download or read book Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation s Electricity System written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans' safety, productivity, comfort, and convenience depend on the reliable supply of electric power. The electric power system is a complex "cyber-physical" system composed of a network of millions of components spread out across the continent. These components are owned, operated, and regulated by thousands of different entities. Power system operators work hard to assure safe and reliable service, but large outages occasionally happen. Given the nature of the system, there is simply no way that outages can be completely avoided, no matter how much time and money is devoted to such an effort. The system's reliability and resilience can be improved but never made perfect. Thus, system owners, operators, and regulators must prioritize their investments based on potential benefits. Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System focuses on identifying, developing, and implementing strategies to increase the power system's resilience in the face of events that can cause large-area, long-duration outages: blackouts that extend over multiple service areas and last several days or longer. Resilience is not just about lessening the likelihood that these outages will occur. It is also about limiting the scope and impact of outages when they do occur, restoring power rapidly afterwards, and learning from these experiences to better deal with events in the future.
Download or read book Regulating Toward In Security in the U S Electricity System written by Ryan Thomas Trahan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By design, the centralized electricity grids stand without protection and are highly vulnerable to both cyber and physical attacks. A solely centralized approach to electricity procurement is not, however, required. The centralized electricity grids do not generate meaningful positive networked effects (i.e., unlike communications products, additional users of electricity via a network do not make electricity itself more valuable), and decentralized approaches to electricity procurement have become economic over the past 24 months. Nonetheless, virtually the entire electricity industry including its regulatory entities remains dedicated to a solely centralized model of electricity delivery, for reasons that are primarily historic. That dedication diverges from the U.S. national security interest, which is simply for consumers (e.g., military, industry, and individuals) to have universal access to secure and economic electricity. The security risks presented by a solely centralized electricity delivery system are untenable and call for federal regulatory action in the form of promulgated security standards (“Independence Standards”) to steer electricity delivery toward a more secure model. The framework of Independence Standards, supported by federal block grant funding for locally-determined implementation, is a needed counter to current regulatory approaches. Independence Standards provide a security lodestar for the ongoing transition of the U.S. electricity system.
Download or read book Capabilities Based Planning for Energy Security at Department of Defense Installations written by Constantine Samaras and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2013 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Department of Defense (DoD) installations rely on the commercial electricity grid for 99 percent of their electricity needs, but extensive energy delivery outages in 2012 have reinforced that the U.S. electricity grid is vulnerable to disruptions from natural hazards and actor-induced outages, such as physical or cyber attacks. In the event of a catastrophic disaster--such as a severe hurricane, massive earthquake, or large-scale terrorist attack--DoD installations would also serve as a base for emergency services. To enhance energy security, DoD has identified diversifying energy sources and increasing efficiency in DoD operations as critical goals. But how to enhance energy security across the portfolio of installations is not clear and several questions remain unanswered: Energy security for how long? Under what conditions? At what cost? The underlying analytical questions are, what critical capabilities do U.S. installations provide, and how can DoD maintain these capabilities during an energy services disruption in the most cost-effective manner? Answering these questions requires a systems approach that incorporates technological, economic, and operational uncertainties. Using portfolio analysis methods for assessing capability options, this paper presents a framework to evaluate choices among energy security strategies for DoD installations. This framework evaluates whether existing or proposed installation energy security strategies enhance DoD capabilities and evaluates strategy cost-effectiveness.
Download or read book Securing Electricity Supply in the Cyber Age written by Zofia Lukszo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-31 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the contributions from a workshop entitled "Electricity security in the cyber age: Managing the increasing dependence of the electricity infrastructure on ICT," which was organized in the Netherlands in May 2009.
Download or read book Security of Supply in Electricity Markets written by Carlos Ocaña and published by OECD. This book was released on 2002 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes the impact of electricity market reform on investment in the power industry.
Download or read book Cybersecurity in the Electricity Sector written by Rafał Leszczyna and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a systematic explanation of cybersecurity protection of electricity supply facilities, including discussion of related costs, relevant standards, and recent solutions. The author explains the current state of cybersecurity in the electricity market, and cybersecurity standards that apply in that sector. He then offers a systematic approach to cybersecurity management, including new methods of cybersecurity assessment, cost evaluation and comprehensive defence. This monograph is suitable for practitioners, professionals, and researchers engaged in critical infrastructure protection.
Download or read book The Resilience of the Electric Power Delivery System in Response to Terrorism and Natural Disasters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Resilience of the Electric Power Delivery System in Response to Terrorism and Natural Disasters is the summary of a workshop convened in February 2013 as a follow-up to the release of the National Research Council report Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System. That report had been written in 2007 for the Department of Homeland Security, but publication was delayed because of security concerns. While most of the committee's findings were still relevant, many developments affecting vulnerability had occurred in the interval. The 2013 workshop was a discussion of the committee\'s results, what had changed in recent years, and how lessons learned about the grid's resilience to terrorism could be applied to other threats to the grid resulting from natural disasters. The purpose was not to translate the entire report into the present, but to focus on key issues relevant to making the grid sufficiently robust that it could handle inevitable failures without disastrous impact. The workshop focused on five key areas: physical vulnerabilities of the grid; cybersecurity; mitigation and response to outages; community resilience and the provision of critical services; and future technologies and policies that could enhance the resilience of the electric power delivery system. The electric power transmission and distribution system (the grid) is an extraordinarily complex network of wires, transformers, and associated equipment and control software designed to transmit electricity from where it is generated, usually in centralized power plants, to commercial, residential, and industrial users. Because the U.S. infrastructure has become increasingly dependent on electricity, vulnerabilities in the grid have the potential to cascade well beyond whether the lights turn on, impacting among other basic services such as the fueling infrastructure, the economic system, and emergency services. The Resilience of the Electric Power Delivery System in Response to Terrorism and Natural Disasters discusses physical vulnerabilities and the cybersecurity of the grid, ways in which communities respond to widespread outages and how to minimize these impacts, the grid of tomorrow, and how resilience can be encouraged and built into the grid in the future.
Download or read book Security and Privacy in Smart Grid written by Asmaa Abdallah and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smart grid utilizes different communication technologies to enhance the reliability and efficiency of the power grid; it allows bi-directional flow of electricity and information, about grid status and customers requirements, among different parties in the grid, i.e., connect generation, distribution, transmission, and consumption subsystems together. Thus, smart grid reduces the power losses and increases the efficiency of electricity generation and distribution. Although smart grid improves the quality of grid's services, it exposes the grid to the cyber security threats that communication networks suffer from in addition to other novel threats because of power grid's nature. For instance, the electricity consumption messages sent from consumers to the utility company via wireless network may be captured, modified, or replayed by adversaries. As a consequent, security and privacy concerns are significant challenges in smart grid. Smart grid upgrade creates three main communication architectures: The first one is the communication between electricity customers and utility companies via various networks; i.e., home area networks (HANs), building area networks (BANs), and neighbour area networks (NANs), we refer to these networks as customer-side networks in our thesis. The second architecture is the communication between EVs and grid to charge/discharge their batteries via vehicle-to-grid (V2G) connection. The last network is the grid's connection with measurements units that spread all over the grid to monitor its status and send periodic reports to the main control center (CC) for state estimation and bad data detection purposes. This thesis addresses the security concerns for the three communication architectures. For customer-side networks, the privacy of consumers is the central concern for these networks; also, the transmitted messages integrity and confidentiality should be guaranteed. While the main security concerns for V2G networks are the privacy of vehicle's owners besides the authenticity of participated parties. In the grid's connection with measurements units, integrity attacks, such as false data injection (FDI) attacks, target the measurements' integrity and consequently mislead the main CC to make the wrong decisions for the grid. The thesis presents two solutions for the security problems in the first architecture; i.e., the customer-side networks. The first proposed solution is security and privacy-preserving scheme in BAN, which is a cluster of HANs. The proposed scheme is based on forecasting the future electricity demand for the whole BAN cluster. Thus, BAN connects to the electricity provider only if the total demand of the cluster is changed. The proposed scheme employs the lattice-based public key NTRU crypto-system to guarantee the confidentiality and authenticity of the exchanged messages and to further reduce the computation and communication load. The security analysis shows that our proposed scheme can achieve the privacy and security requirements. In addition, it efficiently reduces the communication and computation overhead. According to the second solution, it is lightweight privacy-preserving aggregation scheme that permits the smart household appliances to aggregate their readings without involving the connected smart meter. The scheme deploys a lightweight lattice-based homomorphic crypto-system that depends on simple addition and multiplication operations. Therefore, the proposed scheme guarantees the customers' privacy and message integrity with lightweight overhead. In addition, the thesis proposes lightweight secure and privacy-preserving V2G connection scheme, in which the power grid assures the confidentiality and integrity of exchanged information during (dis)charging electricity sessions and overcomes EVs' authentication problem. The proposed scheme guarantees the financial profits of the grid and prevents EVs from acting maliciously. Meanwhile, EVs preserve their private information by generating their own pseudonym identities. In addition, the scheme keeps the accountability for the electricity-exchange trade. Furthermore, the proposed scheme provides these security requirements by lightweight overhead; as it diminishes the number of exchanged messages during (dis)charging sessions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly reduces the total communication and computation load for V2G connection especially for EVs. FDI attack, which is one of the severe attacks that threatens the smart grid's efficiency and reliability, inserts fake measurements among the correct ones to mislead CC to make wrong decisions and consequently impact on the grid's performance. In the thesis, we have proposed an FDI attack prevention technique that protects the integrity and availability of the measurements at measurement units and during their transmission to the CC, even with the existence of compromised units. The proposed scheme alleviates the negative impacts of FDI attack on grid's performance. Security analysis and performance evaluation show that our scheme guarantees the integrity and availability of the measurements with lightweight overhead, especially on the restricted-capabilities measurement units. The proposed schemes are promising solutions for the security and privacy problems of the three main communication networks in smart grid. The novelty of these proposed schemes does not only because they are robust and efficient security solutions, but also due to their lightweight communication and computation overhead, which qualify them to be applicable on limited-capability devices in the grid. So, this work is considered important progress toward more reliable and authentic smart grid.
Download or read book Optimization and Security Challenges in Smart Power Grids written by Vijay Pappu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of state-of-the-art research on “Systems and Optimization Aspects of Smart Grid Challenges.” The authors have compiled and integrated different aspects of applied systems optimization research to smart grids, and also describe some of its critical challenges and requirements. The promise of a smarter electricity grid could significantly change how consumers use and pay for their electrical power, and could fundamentally reshape the current Industry. Gaining increasing interest and acceptance, Smart Grid technologies combine power generation and delivery systems with advanced communication systems to help save energy, reduce energy costs and improve reliability. Taken together, these technologies support new approaches for load balancing and power distribution, allowing optimal runtime power routing and cost management. Such unprecedented capabilities, however, also present a set of new problems and challenges at the technical and regulatory levels that must be addressed by Industry and the Research Community.
Download or read book Electric Distribution Network Management and Control written by Ali Arefi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-04 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the recent research advances in the area of operation, management and control of electricity distribution networks. It addresses various aspects of distribution network management, including operation, customer engagement and technology accommodation. Electricity distribution networks are an important part of the power delivery system, and the smart control and management of distribution networks is vital in order to satisfy technical, economic, and customer requirements. A new management philosophy, techniques, and methods are essential to handle uncertainties, security, and stability associated with the integration of renewable-based distributed generation units, demand forecast and customer needs. This book discusses these topics in the context of managing the capacity of distribution networks while addressing the future needs of electricity systems. Furthermore, the efficient and economic operation of distribution networks is an essential part of management of system for effective use of resources, and as such the also addresses operation and control approaches and techniques suitable for future distribution networks.
Download or read book Communications Cyber Resilience and the Future of the U S Electric Power System written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric power is a critical infrastructure that is vital to the U.S. economy and national security. Today, the nation's electric power infrastructure is threatened by malicious attacks, accidents, and failures, as well as disruptive natural events. As the electric grid evolves and becomes increasingly interdependent with other critical infrastructures, the nation is challenged to defend against these threats and to advance grid capabilities with reliable defenses. On November 1, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to gather diverse perspectives on current and future threats to the electric power system, activities that the subsector is pursuing to defend itself, and how this work may evolve over the coming decades. This publications summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book Electricity Supply Systems of the Future written by Nikos Hatziargyriou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a vision of the future of electricity supply systems and CIGRE’s views on the know-how that will be needed to manage the transition toward them. A variety of factors are driving a transition of electricity supply systems to new supply models, in particular the increasing use of renewable sources, environmental factors and developments in ICT technologies. These factors suggest that there are two possible models for power network development, and that those models are not necessarily exclusive: 1. An increasing importance of large networks for bulk transmission capable of interconnecting load regions and large centralized renewable generation resources, including offshore and of providing more interconnections between the various countries and energy markets. 2. An emergence of clusters of small, largely self-contained distribution networks, which include decentralized local generation, energy storage and active customer participation, intelligently managed so that they operate as active networks providing local active and reactive support. The electricity supply systems of the future will likely include a combination of the above two models, since additional bulk connections and active distribution networks are needed in order to reach ambitious environmental, economic and security-reliability targets. This concise yet comprehensive reference resource on technological developments for future electrical systems has been written and reviewed by experts and the Chairs of the sixteen Study Committees that form the Technical Council of CIGRE.
Download or read book Handbook on Battery Energy Storage System written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2018-12-01 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook serves as a guide to deploying battery energy storage technologies, specifically for distributed energy resources and flexibility resources. Battery energy storage technology is the most promising, rapidly developed technology as it provides higher efficiency and ease of control. With energy transition through decarbonization and decentralization, energy storage plays a significant role to enhance grid efficiency by alleviating volatility from demand and supply. Energy storage also contributes to the grid integration of renewable energy and promotion of microgrid.
