Download or read book Electric Field Directed Self Assembly of Nanoparticle Structures written by Dietrich Alexander Dehlinger and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is traditionally difficult to integrate a wide range of nanocomponents into macroscopic or mesoscopic scale systems. Traditional methods of nanofabrication use large scale patterning of homogenous layers, or make use of the intrinsic properties of the particles in to bind them together in an uncontrolled fashion. In this dissertation, a method for the rapid, highly controlled deposition of water soluble nanoparticles is demonstrated. Through the use of direct current controlled electrodes in a buffered solution, nanoparticles are pulled from a dilute solution to a complementary binding surface in a few seconds where they form a single layer. By repeated processing steps we are able to rapidly fabricate multilayered structures using different nanoparticles, making use of both overall directed assembly and the local self assembly of the particles themselves. Because we are able to control the particle concentration, we can effectively control the particle binding rate at the deposition surface. Described in detail is a method for characterizing the deposition process to determine both the optimal parameters (in terms of deposition time and current) for a given particle type, and methods to determine the level of interparticle self binding. Optical fluorescent imaging and electron microscopy were used extensively to characterize the rate of particle accumulation both as a function of current and time for a single deposition, and for the overall process through subsequent layers. The electric field assisted self assembly work was carried out for 40nm and 200nm biotin/streptavidin coated particles, as well as particles covered in various DNA sequences, quantum dots, and gold particles. Particle deposition profiles across the electrode are also discussed, with the root causes for the observed pattern explained using various electric field deposition from this work, as well as some supporting experiments from tangentially related experiments. These experimental results are compared to various simulated systems. Finally some preliminary work on long range, high voltage, high conductivity dielectrophoresis systems is discussed with an eye towards fully integrated sample analysis systems.
Download or read book Directed Self assembly of Colloidal Particles Using External Fields written by Manish Mittal and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis we demonstrate the use of external fields to direct the self assembly of anisotropic particles into controlled microstructure. Directed self-assembly by external electric field has the advantage that it leads to rapid assembly of particles, it is reversible and the interactions can be tuned by controlling the field parameters. However, the polarization mechanism of colloidal particles and its dependence on the properties of the particle and the medium is not well understood. We use optical tweezers to measure the interactions between particles as a function of medium salt concentration and field frequency. We identify the double layer relaxation as the dominant polarization mechanism. This enables us to reinterpret the order-disorder phase diagram, published earlier by Lumsdon and co-workers, and thus predict the electric field required to assemble particles given the size of the particles, the frequency of the field and the type and concentration of the counter-ion in the system. We study the application of external field to anisotropic nanoparticle assembly using zeolite particles. The assembly of disk-shaped zeolite particles is interesting from the perspective of both understanding how anisotropic particles respond in electric field and also to self-assemble a zeolite structure, a material with large number of industrial applications. Similar to spherical particles, the disk shaped particles also form a hexagonal close-packed structure by assembling in a side-to-side fashion with their long axis, the diameter, oriented along the field direction. However, due to the smaller size of particles the field strengths required to assemble these particles are higher than those used in interaction measurements. At high field strengths the particles also form a brush-like structure that grows from the electrode interface towards the bulk suspension. The assembly of particles near the electrode interface occurs due to an interplay between dipolar force and the drag force due to electro-hydrodynamic (EH) flow. In addition to generalizing the dipolar interaction mechanism to anisotropic particles, this work also demonstrates the challenges associated with the use of only electric field to self-assemble particles into a permanent structure. To form an irreversible structure under electric field we develop a combined field and flow directed technique for assembling anisotropic particles and show its application using ellipsoidal titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The colloidal suspension of titanium dioxide particles, confined between glass substrates, is allowed to dry in the presence of electric field. The electric field orients the particles and due to the evaporation of solvent micrometer thick particulate films deposit onto the glass substrate. The microstructure of the film is controlled by tuning the field strength and the field frequency. On varying the field frequency the particles undergo a parallel-random-perpendicular orientation transition with respect to the electric field direction. The optical and the mechanical properties of the film are dependent on the orientation of the deposited particles. This work demonstrates a novel method of assembling anisotropic particles using external fields and controlling the microstructure using field frequency. Although field-assisted convective deposition allows us to control the orientation of the particles, the thickness of the film cannot be precisely controlled and the electrode gap limits the area of the assembled region. Unlike external electric fields, flow fields are more scalable and could be used to deposit particles over a large area. We use a flow coating technique to deposit ellipsoidal titanium dioxide particles on a glass substrate. The film is deposited from a colloidal suspension confined between a fixed blade and a translating substrate. Both the microstructure and the thickness of the film are simultaneously controlled by varying the particle volume fraction in the suspension, the velocity of the substrate and the angle between the blade and the substrate. At volume fractions above the isotropic-nematic transition the particles in the film orient along the coating direction. At volume fractions below the isotropic-nematic transition the particles do not orient along the coating direction. The substrate velocity and the blade angle affect the shear and extensional stresses exerted on the colloidal particles, which determine the orientation of the particles in the deposited film. Thus, flow coating is a rapid and scalable approach for de- positing thin films of nanostructured material consisting of anisotropic particles. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Download or read book Atomically Precise Nanochemistry written by Rongchao Jin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-06-12 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore recent progress and developments in atomically precise nanochemistry Chemists have long been motivated to create atomically precise nanoclusters, not only for addressing some fundamental issues that were not possible to tackle with imprecise nanoparticles, but also to provide new opportunities for applications such as catalysis, optics, and biomedicine. In Atomically Precise Nanochemistry, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a state-of-the-art reference for researchers and industry professionals working in the fields of nanoscience and cluster science, in disciplines ranging from chemistry to physics, biology, materials science, and engineering. A variety of different nanoclusters are covered, including metal nanoclusters, semiconductor nanoclusters, metal-oxo systems, large-sized organometallic nano-architectures, carbon clusters, and supramolecular architectures. The book contains not only experimental contributions, but also theoretical insights into the atomic and electronic structures, as well as the catalytic mechanisms. The authors explore synthesis, structure, geometry, bonding, and applications of each type of nanocluster. Perfect for researchers working in nanoscience, nanotechnology, and materials chemistry, Atomically Precise Nanochemistry will also benefit industry professionals in these sectors seeking a practical and up-to-date resource.
Download or read book Self Assembly of Nanostructures and Patchy Nanoparticles written by Shafigh Mehraeen and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-11-04 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Top-down approaches are currently the main contributor of fabricating microelectronic devices. However, the prohibitive cost of numerous technological steps in these approaches is the main obstacle to further progress. Furthermore, a large number of applications necessitate fabrication of complex and ultra-small devices that cannot be made using these approaches. New approaches based on natural self-assembly of matter need to be developed to allow for fabrication of micro and nanoelectronic devices. Self-assembly of nanostructures is a dynamic field, which explores physics of these structures and new ways to fabricate them. However, the major problem is how to control the properties of the nanostructures resulting from low dimensionality. This book presents recent advances made to address this problem, and fabricate nanostructures using self-assembly.
Download or read book Simulation and Control of Dynamic Directed Self assembly of Nanostructures written by Sivaraman Ramaswamy and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-assembled nanoscale structures are the basis for various technological advancements in functional materials, sensors, and molecular circuits and factories. With significant progress in self-assembly of periodic nanostructures (such as monolayers), the focus is now shifting towards non-periodic structures. Control of various interaction force fields (electrostatic, Van der Waals, etc.) between the nanoparticles and external controls can result in the formation of nanostructures with desired geometry. The aim is to design the nanoparticles and the external actuators such that the desired structure can be self-assembled rapidly with high reliability and avoiding any kinetic trapping that an ill-designed energy landscape might cause. Deterministic dynamic modeling of such self-assembled nanostructures, directed by external fields, through a Master Equation approach, leads to a set of differential equations of such large size that even the most efficient solution algorithms are overwhelmed. Thus, model reduction is a key necessity. This thesis presents a methodological approach and specific algorithms, which generate time-varying, reduced-order models for the description of directed self-assembly of nanoparticles by external fields. The approach is based on Finite State Projection and is adaptive, i.e., it generates reduced-order models that vary over time. The algorithm uses event-detection concepts to determine automatically, during simulation, suitable time points at which the projection space and thus the structure of the reduced-order model change, in such a way that the computational load remains low while the upper bound on the simulation error, resulting from model reduction, is lower than a prescribed maximum limit. The thesis also presents an optimal control strategy that can guide any initial random configuration of nanoparticles to a final structure of desired geometry, in minimum time. It employs a multi-resolution view of the dynamically evolving configurations of nanoparticles, which are described through the simulation methodology described before. External charges, attracting or repelling the nanoparticles, are the controls, whose location and intensity are determined by the optimality conditions of the optimal control strategy. To ensure analytic consistency of the parametric sensitivities, during the computation of the optimal controls, and thus guarantee the optimality of the resulting control policy, a priori determination of enlarged constant projection spaces is shown to be essential. The thesis also presents a series of case studies, which illustrate how the proposed methods can be used to simulate effectively directed self-assembly of an appreciable number of nanoparticles, and reach the desired geometry. These case studies also illuminate several of its features, such as: superiority over a static optimal solution; evasion of kinetic traps; and effective handling of combinatorial complications arising for systems with large-size domains and many particles.
Download or read book An Introductory Text To Bioengineering written by Shu Chien and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2008-05-27 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This bestselling textbook will introduce undergraduate bioengineering students to the fundamental concepts and techniques, with the basic theme of integrative bioengineering. It covers bioengineering of several body systems, organs, tissues, and cells, integrating physiology at these levels with engineering concepts and approaches; novel developments in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, nanoscience and nanotechnology; state-of-the-art knowledge in systems biology and bioinformatics; and socio-economic aspects of bioengineering.One of the distinctive features of the book is that it is integrative in nature (integration of biology, medicine and engineering, across different levels of the biological hierarchy, and basic knowledge with applications). It is unique in that it covers fundamental aspects of bioengineering, cutting-edge frontiers, and practical applications, as well as perspectives of bioengineering development. Furthermore, it covers important socio-economical aspects of bioengineering such as ethics and entrepreneurism.
Download or read book Plasma Synthesis and Self Assembly of Magnetic Nanoparticles written by Sebastian Ekeroth and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-08 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials are important tools for enabling technological progress as they can provide dramatically different properties as compared to the bulk counterparts. The field of nanoparticles is one of the most investigated within nanomaterials, thanks to the existing, relatively simple, means of manufacturing. In this thesis, high-power pulsed hollow cathode sputtering is used to nucleate and grow magnetic nanoparticles in a plasma. This sputtering technique provides a high degree of ionization of the sputtered material, which has previously been shown to aid in the growth of the nanoparticles. The magnetic properties of the particles are utilized and makes it possible for the grown particles to act as building blocks for self-assembly into more sophisticated nano structures, particularly when an external magnetic field is applied. These structures created are termed “nanowires” or “nanotrusses”, depending on the level of branching and inter-linking that occurs. Several different elements have been investigated in this thesis. In a novel approach, it is shown how nanoparticles with more advanced structures, and containing material from two hollow cathodes, can be fabricated using high-power pulses. The dual-element particles are achieved by using two distinct and individual elemental cathodes, and a pulse process that allows tuning of individual pulses separately to them. Nanoparticles grown and investigated are Fe, Ni, Pt, Fe-Ni and Ni-Pt. Alternatively, the addition of oxygen to the process allows the formation of oxide or hybrid metal oxide – metal particles. For all nanoparticles containing several elements, it is demonstrated that the stoichiometry can be easily varied, either by the amount of reactive gas let into the process or by tuning the amount of sputtered material through adjusting the electric power supplied to the different cathodes. One aim of the presented work is to find a suitable material for the use as a catalyst in the production of H2 gas through the process of water splitting. H2 is a good candidate to replace fossil fuels as an energy carrier. However, rare elements (such as Ir or Pt) needs to be used as the catalyst, otherwise a high overpotential is required for the splitting to occur, leading to a low efficiency. This work demonstrates a possible route to avoid this, by using nanomaterials to increase the surface-to-volume ratio, as well as optimizing the elemental ratio between different materials to lower the amount of noble elements required.
Download or read book Evaporative Self assembly of Ordered Complex Structures written by Zhiqun Lin and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of spontaneous self-assembly, as a lithographic tool and as an external field-free means to construct well-ordered and intriguing patterns, has received much attention. This book offers a spectrum of experimental and theoretical advances in evaporative self-assembly techniques.
Download or read book Self Assembly written by Ramanathan Nagarajan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-01-07 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the state-of-the-art of the diverse self-assembly systems Self-Assembly: From Surfactants to Nanoparticles provides an effective entry for new researchers into this exciting field while also giving the state of the art assessment of the diverse self-assembling systems for those already engaged in this research. Over the last twenty years, self-assembly has emerged as a distinct science/technology field, going well beyond the classical surfactant and block copolymer molecules, and encompassing much larger and complex molecular, biomolecular and nanoparticle systems. Within its ten chapters, each contributed by pioneers of the respective research topics, the book: Discusses the fundamental physical chemical principles that govern the formation and properties of self-assembled systems Describes important experimental techniques to characterize the properties of self-assembled systems, particularly the nature of molecular organization and structure at the nano, meso or micro scales. Provides the first exhaustive accounting of self-assembly derived from various kinds of biomolecules including peptides, DNA and proteins. Outlines methods of synthesis and functionalization of self-assembled nanoparticles and the further self-assembly of the nanoparticles into one, two or three dimensional materials. Explores numerous potential applications of self-assembled structures including nanomedicine applications of drug delivery, imaging, molecular diagnostics and theranostics, and design of materials to specification such as smart responsive materials and self-healing materials. Highlights the unifying as well as contrasting features of self-assembly, as we move from surfactant molecules to nanoparticles. Written for students and academic and industrial scientists and engineers, by pioneers of the research field, Self-Assembly: From Surfactants to Nanoparticles is a comprehensive resource on diverse self-assembly systems, that is simultaneously introductory as well as the state of the art.
Download or read book Materials Nanoarchitectonics written by Katsuhiko Ariga and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-12-07 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials Nanoarchitectonics: From Integrated Molecular Systems to Advanced Devices provides the latest information on the design and molecular manipulation of self-organized hierarchically structured systems using tailor-made nanoscale materials as structural and functional units. The book is organized into three main sections that focus on molecular design of building blocks and hybrid materials, formation of nanostructures, and applications and devices. Bringing together emerging materials, synthetic aspects, nanostructure strategies, and applications, the book aims to support further progress, by offering different perspectives and a strong interdisciplinary approach to this rapidly growing area of innovation. This is an extremely valuable resource for researchers, advanced students, and scientists in industry, with an interest in nanoarchitectonics, nanostructures, and nanomaterials, or across the areas of nanotechnology, chemistry, surface science, polymer science, electrical engineering, physics, chemical engineering, and materials science. - Offers a nanoarchitectonic perspective on emerging fields, such as metal-organic frameworks, porous polymer materials, or biomimetic nanostructures - Discusses different approaches to utilizing "soft chemistry" as a source for hierarchically organized materials - Offers an interdisciplinary approach to the design and construction of integrated chemical nano systems - Discusses novel approaches towards the creation of complex multiscale architectures
Download or read book Materials Nanoarchitectonics written by Katsuhiko Ariga and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-01-15 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique overview of the manufacture of and applications for materials nanoarchitectonics, placing otherwise hard-to-find information in context. Edited by highly respected researchers from the most renowned materials science institute in Japan, the first part of this volume focuses on the fabrication and characterization of zero to three-dimensional nanomaterials, while the second part presents already existing as well as emerging applications in physics, chemistry, biology, and biomedicine.
Download or read book Ceramic Integration and Joining Technologies written by Mrityunjay Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-11 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book joins and integrates ceramics and ceramic-based materials in various sectors of technology. A major imperative is to extract scientific information on joining and integration response of real, as well as model, material systems currently in a developmental stage. This book envisions integration in its broadest sense as a fundamental enabling technology at multiple length scales that span the macro, millimeter, micrometer and nanometer ranges. Consequently, the book addresses integration issues in such diverse areas as space power and propulsion, thermoelectric power generation, solar energy, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), multi-chip modules, prosthetic devices, and implanted biosensors and stimulators. The engineering challenge of designing and manufacturing complex structural, functional, and smart components and devices for the above applications from smaller, geometrically simpler units requires innovative development of new integration technology and skillful adaptation of existing technology.
Download or read book Nano engineering by Optically Directed Self assembly written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lack of robust manufacturing capabilities have limited our ability to make tailored materials with useful optical and thermal properties. For example, traditional methods such as spontaneous self-assembly of spheres cannot generate the complex structures required to produce a full bandgap photonic crystals. The goal of this work was to develop and demonstrate novel methods of directed self-assembly of nanomaterials using optical and electric fields. To achieve this aim, our work employed laser tweezers, a technology that enables non-invasive optical manipulation of particles, from glass microspheres to gold nanoparticles. Laser tweezers were used to create ordered materials with either complex crystal structures or using aspherical building blocks.
Download or read book Nanostructured Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine written by Vincenzo Guarino and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-05 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine focuses on the definition of new trends for the design of biomaterials for biomedical applications. It includes the ex novo synthesis as well as technological strategies to manipulate them into appropriate two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) forms, in order to impart all the main physical, chemical, structural and biological properties requested to achieve desired clinical efficacy. This book aims at offering a concise overview of innovative platforms based on nanostructured biomaterials as a function of their chemical nature - established by a consolidated material classification i.e., polymer, ceramics and metals. For each class, emerging bioinspired systems with rapid expansion in the biomedical research area and fabricated via new enabling technologies will be proposed for the use in tissue repair/regeneration and nanomedicine. This book is an essential resource for researchers, academics and professionals interested in the potential of nanostructured biomaterials for regenerative medicine. - Classifies materials into three classes for comprehensive discussion - Discusses design techniques to create innovative nanostructured biomaterials - Looks at enabling technologies and strategies for emerging applications
Download or read book Lithographically directed Self assembly of Nanostructures written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combination of lithography and self-assembly provides apowerful means of organizing solution-synthesized nanostructures for awide variety of applications. We have developed a fluidic assembly methodthat relies on the local pinning of a moving liquid contact line bylithographically produced topographic features to concentratenanoparticles at those features. The final stages of the assembly processare controlled first by long-range immersion capillary forces and then bythe short-range electrostatic and Van der Waal's interactions. We havesuccessfully assembled nanoparticles from 50 nm to 2 nm in size usingthis technique and have also demonstrated the controlled positioning ofmore complex nanotetrapod structures. We have used this process toassemble Au nanoparticles into pre-patterned electrode structures andhave performed preliminary electrical characterization of the devices soformed. The fluidic assembly method is capable of very high yield, interms of positioning nanostructures at each lithographically-definedlocation, and of excellent specificity, with essentially no particledeposition between features.
Download or read book Microscale Acoustofluidics written by Thomas Laurell and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-12-08 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The manipulation of cells and microparticles within microfluidic systems using external forces is valuable for many microscale analytical and bioanalytical applications. Acoustofluidics is the ultrasound-based external forcing of microparticles with microfluidic systems. It has gained much interest because it allows for the simple label-free separation of microparticles based on their mechanical properties without affecting the microparticles themselves. Microscale Acoustofluidics provides an introduction to the field providing the background to the fundamental physics including chapters on governing equations in microfluidics and perturbation theory and ultrasound resonances, acoustic radiation force on small particles, continuum mechanics for ultrasonic particle manipulation, and piezoelectricity and application to the excitation of acoustic fields for ultrasonic particle manipulation. The book also provides information on the design and characterization of ultrasonic particle manipulation devices as well as applications in acoustic trapping and immunoassays. Written by leading experts in the field, the book will appeal to postgraduate students and researchers interested in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip applications.
Download or read book Modern Ferrites Volume 2 written by Vincent G. Harris and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-11-14 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MODERN FERRITES, Volume 2 A robust exploration of the basic principles of ferrimagnetic and their applications In Modern Ferrites: Volume 2, renowned researcher and educator, Vincent G. Harris delivers a comprehensive overview of ferrimagnetic phenomena and discussions of select applications of modern ferrite materials in emerging technologies and applications. Volume 2 explores fundamental properties of ferrite systems, including their structure, chemistry, and magnetism, as well as practical applications, such as permanent magnets; inductors, inverters, and filters; and their use in emerging applications as metamaterials, multiferroics, and biomedical technologies. In addition to the properties of ferrites, the included resources explore the processing, structure, and property relationships in ferrites as nanoparticles, thin and thick films, compacts, and crystals. The authors discuss how these relationships are key to realizing practical device applications laying the foundation for next generation communications, radar, sensing, and biomedical technologies. This volume includes: A comprehensive review of ferrite discoveries and impacts upon ancient cultures, their scientific evolution, and societal benefits; Discussion of the origins of magnetism in ferrimagnetic oxides including superexchange theory, GKA-rules, and recent developments in density functional theory; In-depth examination of ferrite power conversion and conditioning components and their processing as low temperature co-fired ceramics; Ferrite-based electromagnetic interference suppression and electromagnetic absorption; Nonlinear microwave devices; multiferroic and emerging magnetoelectric devices; Biomedical applications of ferrite nanoparticles Perfect for RF engineers and magnetitians working in the fields of RF electronics, radar, communications, and spintronics as well as other emerging technologies. Modern Ferrites will earn a place on the bookshelves of engineers and scientists interested in the ever-expanding technologies reliant upon ferrite materials and new processing methodologies. Modern Ferrites Volume 1: Basic Principles, Processing and Properties is also available (ISBN: 9781118971468).
