Download or read book Eighteenth Century Ireland Georgian Ireland written by Desmond Keenan and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2020-10-11 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 18th century tended to be neglected by Irish historians in the 20th century. Irish achievements in the 18th century were largely those of Protestants, so Catholics tended to disregard them. Catholic historians concentrated on the grievances of the Catholics and exaggerated them. The Penal Laws against Catholics were stressed regardless of the fact that most of them affected only a small number of rich Catholics, the Catholic landowners who had sufficient wealth to raise a regiment of infantry to fight for the Catholic Stuart pretenders. The practice of the Catholic religion was not made illegal. Catholic priests could live openly and have their own chapels and mass-houses. As was the law at the time, the ordinary workers, Catholic or Protestant, had no vote, and so were ignored by the political classes. Nor had they any ambitions in the direction of taking control of the state. If they had local grievances, and in many places they had, especially with regard to rents and tithes, they dealt with them locally, and often brutally, but they were not trying to overthrow the Government. If some of them looked for a French invasion it was in the hope that the French would bring guns and powder to assist them in their local disputes. It is a peculiarity, as yet unexplained, that most of the Catholic working classes, by the end of the century, had names that reflected their ancestry as minor local chiefs. The question remains where did the descendants of the former workers, the villeins and betaghs go? The answer seems to be that in times of war and famine the members of even the smallest chiefly family stood a better chance of surviving. This would explain the long-standing grievance of the Catholic peasants that they were unjustly deprived of their land. We will perhaps never know the answer to this question. Penal Laws against religious minorities were the norm in Europe. The religion of the state was decided by the king according to the adage cuius regio eius religio (each king decides the state religion for his own kingdom). At the end of the 17th century, the Catholic landowners fought hard for the Catholic James II. But in the 18th century they lost interest and preferred to come to terms with the actually reigning monarch, and became Protestants to retain their lands and influence. Unlike in Scotland, support for the Catholic Stuarts remained minimal. Nor was there any attempt to establish in independent kingdom or republic. When such an attempt was made at the very end of the century it was led by Protestant gentlemen in imitation of their American cousins. Ireland in the 18th century was not ruled by a foreign elite like the British raj in India. It was an aristocratic society, like all the other European societies at the time. Some of these were descendants of Gaelic chiefs; some were descendants of those who had received grants of confiscated land; some were descendants of the moneylenders who had lent money to improvident Gaelic chiefs. Together these formed the ruling aristocracy who controlled Parliament and made the Irish laws, controlled the army, the judiciary and the executive. Access to this elite was open to any gentleman who was willing to take the oath of allegiance and conform to the state church, the Established Church but not the nonconformists. British kings did not occupy Ireland and impose foreign rule. Ireland had her own Government and elected Parliament. By a decree of King John in the 12th century, the Lordship of Ireland was annexed to the person of the king of England. When not present in Ireland in person, and he rarely was, his powers were exercised by a Lord Lieutenant to whom considerable executive power was given. He presided over the Irish Privy Council which drew up the legislation to be presented to the Irish Parliament. One restraint was imposed on the Irish Parliament. By Poynings’ Law it was not allowed to pass legislation that infringed on the rights of the king or his English Privy Council. The British Parliament had no interest in the internal affairs of Ireland. The Irish Council were free to devise their own legislation and they did so. The events in Irish republican fantasy are examined in detail. The was no major rebellion against alleged British rule. The vast majority of Catholics and Protestants rallied to the support of their lawful Government. The were local uprisings easily suppressed by the local militias and yeomanry. Atrocities were not all on one side. Ireland at last enjoyed a century of peace with no wasteful and destructive wars within its bounds. No longer were its crops burned, its buildings destroyed, its cattle driven off, its population reduced by fever and famine. Its trade was resumed and gradually wealth accumulated and was no longer dispersed on local wars. Gentlemen, as in England, could afford to build great country and town houses. The arts flourished as never before. Skilled masons could build great houses. Stone cutters could carve sculptures. The most delicate mouldings could be applied to ceilings. The theatre flourished. While some gentlemen led the life of wastrels, others devoted themselves to the promotion of agriculture and industry. Everywhere mines were dug to exploit minerals. Ireland had not the same richness of minerals as England, but every effort was made to find and exploit them. Roads were improved, canals dug, rivers deepened, and ports developed. Market towns spread all over Ireland which provided local farmers with outlets for their produce and increased the wealth of the landlords. This wealth was however very unevenly spread. The population was ever increasing and the poor remained miserably poor. In a bad year, hundreds of thousands of the very poor could perish through cold and famine. But the numbers of the very poor kept on growing. Only among the Presbyterians in Ulster was there emigration on any scale. Even before the American Revolution they found a great freedom and greater opportunities in the American colonies. Catholics, were born, lived and died in the same parish. Altogether it was a century of great achievement.

Download or read book The Building Site in Eighteenth century Ireland written by Arthur Gibney and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the author's PhD thesis, Studies in eighteenth-century building history, Trinity College Dublin, 1998.

Download or read book Life in the Country House in Georgian Ireland written by Patricia McCarthy and published by Paul Mellon Centre. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A deft interweaving of architectural and social history

Download or read book Irish Swordsmanship written by Ben Miller and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tells the story of eighteenth century Ireland's most renowned duelists, gladiators, swordsmen, and fencing masters. It also contains a rare fencing treatise, now published again for the first time in more than 230 years, that is the only known original Irish treatment of swordsmanship published in Ireland during the eighteenth century.

Download or read book The Irish in Eighteenth Century Bordeaux written by Charles C. Ludington and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-11-24 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book will enlarge, complicate, and challenge our understanding of the eighteenth-century European and Atlantic worlds.

Download or read book The Georgians written by Penelope J. Corfield and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-08 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive history of the Georgians, comparing past views of these exciting, turbulent, and controversial times with our attitudes today The Georgian era is often seen as a time of innovations. It saw the end of monarchical absolutism, global exploration and settlements overseas, the world’s first industrial revolution, deep transformations in religious and cultural life, and Britain’s role in the international trade in enslaved Africans. But how were these changes perceived by people at the time? And how do their viewpoints compare with attitudes today? In this wide-ranging history, Penelope J. Corfield explores every aspect of Georgian life—politics and empire, culture and society, love and violence, religion and science, industry and towns. People’s responses at the time were often divided. Pessimists saw loss and decline, while optimists saw improvements and light. Out of such tensions came the Georgian culture of both experiment and resistance. Corfield emphasizes those elements of deep continuity that persisted even within major changes, and shows how new developments were challenged if their human consequences proved dire.

Download or read book The Cambridge Social History of Modern Ireland written by Eugenio F. Biagini and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first textbook on the history of modern Ireland to adopt a social history perspective. Written by an international team of leading scholars, it draws on a wide range of disciplinary approaches and consistently sets Irish developments in a wider European and global context.

Download or read book Eighteenth century Ireland written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Best Address in Town written by Melanie Hayes and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once Dublin's most exclusive residential street, throughout the eighteenth century Henrietta Street was home to the country's foremost figures from church, military and state. Here, in this elegant setting on the north side of the city, peers rubbed shoulders with property tycoons, clerics consorted with social climbers and celebrated military men mixed with the leading lights of the capital's beau monde, establishing one the principle arenas of elite power in Georgian Ireland. Looking behind the red-brick facades of the once-grand Georgian town houses, this richly illustrated volume focuses on the people who originally populated these spaces, delineating the rich social and architectural history of Henrietta Street during the first fifty years of its existence. Commissioned by Dublin City Council Heritage Office in conjunction with the 14 Henrietta Street museum, by weaving the fascinating and often colourful histories of the original residents around the framework of the buildings, in repopulating the houses with their original occupants and offering a window into the lives carried on within, this book presents a captivating portrait of Dublin?s premier Georgian street, when it was the best address in town.

Download or read book Dublin written by Christine Casey and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dublin’s grand eighteenth-century set-pieces: Custom House, Four Courts, Bank of Ireland; are offset by a graceful Georgian cityscape, much of which remains intact. Rich and varied house interiors are also treated in full, many for the first time. The book features civic and commercial Victorian architecture, post-war buildings, and the buildings of a new generation of Irish architects. Two fine Gothic cathedrals remain from the medieval city, the full history of which is traced in an introduction to the volume.

Download or read book Dublin 1745 1922 written by Gary A. Boyd and published by Four Courts Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative book interprets architectural spaces in the light of the underlying tensions between 18th-century Dublin as a fashionable resort and the attempts by the authorities to deal with some of the results of its apparent profligacy. These include the creation of new institutions as well as other measures designed to remove ugly realities from the street and purify urban space. Based mainly on 18th- and 19th-century archival material from the Rotunda Hospital, the Lock (venereal) Hospital and the Hospital for Incurables, this book challenges the vision of 18th-century Dublin as an ideal Protestant city by investigating the hidden world behind its wide streets and magnificent Georgian facades. The decision to establish the British Isles' first maternity hospital on the northern edge of Sackville Street (today's O'Connell Street) was grounded in a series of imperatives where obstetrics and medicine were only part of the overall story. The adjacent Pleasure Gardens, created ostensibly to provide funds for the hospital, introduced new types of social engagement and an increase of commodified forms of entertainment to the city. The Gardens, characterised by acts of spectacle and display, soon acquired an additional reputation as a site of sexual adventure and louche behaviour, one which ultimately would be extended to the city. (Series: The Making of Dublin)

Download or read book The Militia in Eighteenth century Ireland written by Neal Garnham and published by Boydell Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text shows how the militia played a larger role in the defence of 18th century Ireland than has hitherto been realised, and how it's reliability was therefore a key point for the government.

Download or read book The Troubled Life of Richard Castle Ireland s Pre Eminent Early Eighteenth Century Architect written by Barbara Freitag and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2023-08-29 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Richard Castle is widely regarded as one of the most important architects in eighteenth-century Ireland, yet this is the first book devoted to both Castle’s personal history and his professional career. The study builds on a wealth of information concerning his background. It investigates Castle’s Dutch and Sephardic ancestors, his father’s position at the Polish court, the military career of his siblings in the Saxon/Polish army, his wife’s Huguenot family, and his kinship with English economist David Ricardo. Making use of extensive research data, the book refutes commonly held misconceptions about Castle’s name, family, nationality and religion. This book will be of interest to architectural historians, readers interested in Irish/European cultural studies, and researchers into the Jewish diaspora and into early modern Europe in general.

Download or read book Creating History written by Brendan Rooney and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is to coincide with the National Gallery's exhibiton of the same name. With chapters from leading Irish historians, including Roy Foster, Tom Dunne and Raoisain Kennedy, 'Creating History' delivers fascinating assessments that situate the Easter Rising and Ireland's claim to independence through the historical significance and aesthetic value of Ireland's major artistic works.

Download or read book Wallpaper in Ireland 1700 1900 written by David Skinner and published by Anchor Books. This book was released on 2014 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing written by Seamus Deane and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 1756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Cambridge History of Ireland Volume 3 1730 1880 written by James Kelly and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-28 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was an era of continuity as well as change. Though properly portrayed as the era of 'Protestant Ascendancy' it embraces two phases - the eighteenth century when that ascendancy was at its peak; and the nineteenth century when the Protestant elite sustained a determined rear-guard defence in the face of the emergence of modern Catholic nationalism. Employing a chronology that is not bound by traditional datelines, this volume moves beyond the familiar political narrative to engage with the economy, society, population, emigration, religion, language, state formation, culture, art and architecture, and the Irish abroad. It provides new and original interpretations of a critical phase in the emergence of a modern Ireland that, while focused firmly on the island and its traditions, moves beyond the nationalist narrative of the twentieth century to provide a history of late early modern Ireland for the twenty-first century.