Download or read book Shapely Bodies written by Christine A. Jones and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-16 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shapely Bodies: The Image of Porcelain in Eighteenth-Century France constructs the first cultural history of porcelain making in France. It takes its title from two types of “bodies” treated in this study: the craft of porcelain making shaped clods of earth into a clay body to produce high-end commodities and the French elite shaped human bodies into social subjects with the help of makeup, stylish patterns, and accessories. These practices crossed paths in the work of artisans, whose luxury objects reflected and also influenced the curves of fashion in the eighteenth century. French artisans began trials to reproduce fine Chinese porcelain in the 1660s. The challenge proved impossible until they found an essential ingredient, kaolin, in French soil in the 1760s. Shapely Bodies differs from other studies of French porcelain in that it does not begin in the 1760s at the Sèvres manufactory when it became technically possible to produce fine porcelain in France, but instead ends there. Without the secret of Chinese porcelain, artisans in France turned to radical forms of experimentation. Over the first half of the eighteenth century, they invented artificial alternatives to Chinese porcelain, decorated them with French style, and, with equal determination, shaped an identity for their new trade that distanced it from traditional guild-crafts and aligned it with scientific invention. The back story of porcelain making before kaolin provides a fascinating glimpse into the world of artisanal innovation and cultural mythmaking. To write artificial porcelain into a history of “real” porcelain dominated by China, Japan, and Meissen in Saxony, French porcelainiers learned to describe their new commodity in language that tapped into national pride and the mythic power of French savoir faire. Artificial porcelain cut such a fashionable image that by the mid-eighteenth century, Louis XV appropriated it for the glory of the crown. When the monarchy ended, revolutionaries reclaimed French porcelain, the fruit of a century of artisanal labor, for the Republic. Tracking how the porcelain arts were depicted in documents and visual arts during one hundred years of experimentation, Shapely Bodies reveals the politics behind the making of French porcelain’s image. Published by University of Delaware Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.
Download or read book East Encounters West written by Fatma Müge Göçek and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1987 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the account of an Ottoman ambassador's expedition to France in 1720, G"o, cek's study reveals the complex and differential impact these two societies had on each other.
Download or read book Citoyennes written by Annie Smart and published by University of Delaware. This book was released on 2011-12-23 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Did women have a civic identity in eighteenth-century France? In Citoyennes: Women and the Ideal of Citizenship in Eighteenth-Century France, Annie Smart contends that they did. While previous scholarship has emphasized the ideal of domestic motherhood or the image of the republican mother, Smart argues persuasively that many pre-revolutionary and revolutionary texts created another ideal for women – the ideal of civic motherhood. Smart asserts that women were portrayed as possessing civic virtue, and as promoting the values and ideals of the public sphere. Contemporary critics have theorized that the eighteenth-century ideal of the Republic intentionally excluded women from the public sphere. According to this perspective, a discourse of “Rousseauean” domestic motherhood stripped women of an active civic identity, and limited their role to breastfeeding and childcare. Eighteenth-century France marked thus the division between a male public sphere of political action and a female private sphere of the home. Citoyennes challenges this position and offers an alternative model of female identity. This interdisciplinary study brings together a variety of genres to demonstrate convincingly that women were portrayed as civic individuals. Using foundational texts such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Emile, or on Education (1762), revolutionary gouaches of Lesueur, and vaudeville plays of Year II of the Republic (1793/1794), this study brilliantly shows that in text and image, women were represented as devoted to both the public good and their families. In addition, Citoyennes offers an innovative interpretation of the home. Through re-examining sphere theory, this study challenges the tendency to equate the home with private concerns, and shows that the home can function as a site for both private life and civic identity. Citoyennes breaks new ground, for it both rectifies the ideal of domestic Rousseauean motherhood, and brings a fuller understanding to how female civic identity operated in important French texts and images.
Download or read book Eighteenth century France and the East written by Peter Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Women and Work in Eighteenth Century France written by Daryl M. Hafter and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2015-01-12 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the eighteenth century, French women were active in a wide range of employments-from printmaking to running whole-sale businesses-although social and legal structures frequently limited their capacity to work independently. The contributors to Women and Work in Eighteenth-Century France reveal how women at all levels of society negotiated these structures with determination and ingenuity in order to provide for themselves and their families. Recent historiography on women and work in eighteenth-century France has focused on the model of the "family economy," in which women's work existed as part of the communal effort to keep the family afloat, usually in support of the patriarch's occupation. The ten essays in this volume offer case studies that complicate the conventional model: wives of ship captains managed family businesses in their husbands' extended absences; high-end prostitutes managed their own households; female weavers, tailors, and merchants increasingly appeared on eighteenth-century tax rolls and guild membership lists; and female members of the nobility possessed and wielded the same legal power as their male counterparts. Examining female workers within and outside of the context of family, Women and Work in Eighteenth-Century France challenges current scholarly assumptions about gender and labor. This stimulating and important collection of essays broadens our understanding of the diversity, vitality, and crucial importance of women's work in the eighteenth-century economy.
Download or read book Europe in the Eighteenth Century written by George F. E. Rudé and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe in the Eighteenth Century is a social history of Europe in all its aspects: economic, political, diplomatic military, colonial-expansionist. Crisply and succinctly written, it describes Europe not through a history of individual countries, but in a common context during the three quarters of a century between the death of Louis XIV and the industrial revolution in England and the social and political revolution in France. It presents the development of government, institutions, cities, economies, wars, and the circulation of ideas in terms of social pressures and needs, and stresses growth, interrelationships, and conflict of social classes as agents of historical change, paying particular attention to the role of popular, as well as upper- and middle-class, protest as a factor in that change.
Download or read book Eastern Problems at the Close of the Eighteenth Century written by Alfred Lewis Pinneo Dennis and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book East Encounters West written by Fatma Muge Gocek and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1987-12-03 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1720, an Ottoman ambassador was sent to the court of the Child King Louis XV to observe Western civilization and report on what he saw and how it could be applied in the Ottoman Empire. Based on the accounts of this ambassador, East Encounters West studies the impact of the West on the Ottoman empire and the impact of this Ottoman embassy on the two societies. In France, the presence of the embassy yielded only a brief fashion of Turquerie, whereas in the Ottoman empire, it yielded the first official printing press, signalling an important step toward Western style. Göçek here assesses the reasons behind these differential impacts through three factors: the Western technological advances, consequent commercial expansion, and the different reactions of various social groups in the Ottoman empire to these developments. Her analysis reveals a far-reaching and complex Westernization process that permeated Turkish society as it was approved and imported by dignitaries and eventually passed onto average households. Sketching the process of Westernization from the perspective of Easterners, this unique book throws new light on the cultural differences between these two major civilizations and on the nature of cultural transmission and diffusion.
Download or read book An Introduction to Eighteenth Century France written by John Lough and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic, social, and political history.
Download or read book The Eastern Question in the Eighteenth Century written by Albert Sorel and published by . This book was released on 1898 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toward the French Revolution written by Louis Reichenthal Gottschalk and published by Scribner Book Company. This book was released on 1973 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Eighteenth Century written by P. L. Jacob and published by . This book was released on 1876 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Society Government and the Enlightenment written by Catherine Betty Abigail Behrens and published by HarperCollins Publishers. This book was released on 1985 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eighteenth Century France Six Essays written by Fc Green and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eighteenth Century France is a collection of six essays that provide an in-depth look at French society, politics, and culture during this transformative era. From the impact of Enlightenment ideas to the role of women in society, each essay offers a unique perspective on key aspects of French life in the eighteenth century. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in French history, politics, or culture. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Noblesse Au XVIIIe Si cle Anglais written by Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1985-05-16 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contrary to their traditional image as a caste of intransigent reactionaries and parasites, this analysis maintains that pre-revolutionary nobility actually were in the forefront of French economic and intellectual life, and until 1789, at the head of the movement for reform of the old regime.
Download or read book Eighteenth Century France written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eighteenth century France written by Frederick Charles Green and published by . This book was released on 1929 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
