Download or read book The Impact of International Monetary Fund and World Bank Involvement on the Economic Development of Egypt written by Mozika Maloba and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their establishment in 1945 as part of the post-World War II international economic order, the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) have been funding development projects and programs around the world. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has been one of the primary arenas of World Bank and IMF activity. Structural adjustment loans (SALs) created by the World Bank and the IMF were developed to assist developing countries with their current account deficits and development projects by providing financing over a period of several years. These loans came with conditionalities vis-a-vis restructuring of tariffs, subsidies, public employment, and other state spending and budgeting matters. The professed goal of these projects and their conditionalities is to strengthen the receiving country’s balance of payments while encouraging economic growth and development. Over the past forty or so years, such programs have effectively encouraged the unraveling of state-centered economies with the objective of turning them into market-based ones, ultimately-according to their spokespersons-improving efficiency, encouraging growth, and advancing development. However, these programs have faced criticism centered primarily around the macroeconomic structural adjustment conditionalities that many argue sacrifice growth instead of encouraging it. The past plus-forty years of such policies offers ample empirical data to explore the legitimacy of those criticisms and assess the long-term effects of the IMF and World Bank-sponsored programs. As one of the most celebrated cases by both institutions, and one of the earliest and largest recipients of World Bank and IMF development assistance, Egypt offers an excellent case study through which to anchor such assessment and analysis.
Download or read book Egypt the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arab Republic of Egypt written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-01-22 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes that past growth was characterized by a suboptimal allocation of the factors of production and a lack of dynamism in the private sector. By identifying the main constraints to private sector-led growth and higher employment generation, it suggests policies to further shift Egypt’s economic model toward increased private sector participation and integration into global value chains. To this end, reforms should aim at removing the distortions to the optimal allocation of resources in the economy and equip the labor force with the skills needed to benefit fully from future job opportunities. These reforms would also help better integrate women and youth into the job market. The authorities have embarked on a reform program to address these challenges and important steps have already been taken. Improved macrostability and a strong political commitment to reforms present an opportunity to further structural reforms that intensify private sector-led growth and job creation and strengthen trade integration.
Download or read book Inside Inequality in the Arab Republic of Egypt written by Paolo Verme and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inside Inequality in the Arab Republic of Egypt: Facts and Perceptions Across People, Time, and Space comprises four papers prepared in the framework of the Egypt inequality study financed by the World Bank. The first paper, by Sherine Al-Shawarby, reviews the studies on inequality in Egypt since the 1950s with the double objective of illustrating the importance attributed to inequality through time and of presenting and compare the main published statistics on inequality. The second paper, by Branko Milanovic, turns to the global and spatial dimensions of inequality. The Egyptian society remains deeply divided across space and in terms of welfare, and this study unveils some of the hidden features of this inequality. The third paper, by Paolo Verme, studies facts and perceptions of inequality during the 2000-2009 period, which preceded the Egyptian revolution. The fourth paper, by Sahar El Tawila, May Gadallah, and Enas Ali A.El-Majeed, assesses the state of poverty and inequality among the poorest villages of Egypt. The paper attempts to explain the level of inequality in an effort to disentangle those factors that derive from household abilities from those factors that derive from local opportunities. Inside Inequality in the Arab Republic of Egypt provides some initial elements that could explain the apparent mismatch between inequality measured with household surveys and inequality aversion measured by values surveys. This is a particularly important and timely topic to address in light of the unfolding developments in the Arab region. The book should be of interest to any observer of the political and economic evolution of the Arab region in the past few years and to poverty and inequality specialists interested in a deeper understanding of the distribution of incomes in Egypt and other countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. World Bank Studies are available individually or on standing order. The World Bank Studies series is also available online through the Open Knowledge Repository (https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/) and the World Bank e-Library (www.worldbank.org/elibrary). Book jacket.
Download or read book The Global Findex Database 2017 written by Asli Demirguc-Kunt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.
Download or read book IMF Egyptian Debt Negotiations written by Bessma Momani and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Women Business and the Law written by The World Bank and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women perform 66% of the world's work, produce 50% of the food, but earn 10% of the income and own 1% of the property. To shed light on why this grim statistic still holds true, Women, Business and the Law aims to examine legal differentiations on the basis of gender in 143 of the world's economies. Women, Business and the Law tracks governments' actions to expand economic opportunities for women across six key areas: accessing institutions, using property, getting a job, providing incentives to work, building credit and going to court. The report uncovers legal differentiations for women and married versus unmarried women such as being able to register a business, open a bank account and work at night. These issues are of fundamental importance. When, because of tradition, social taboos or simple prejudice, half of the world's population is prevented from making its contribution to the life of a nation, the economy will suffer. The empirical evidence does suggest that, slowly but surely, governments are making progress in expanding opportunities for women. It is our hope that data presented in Women, Business and the Law will both facilitate research on linkages between legal differentiation and outcomes for women, and promote better informed policy choices on what governments can do to expand opportunities for women.
Download or read book Estimating Egypt s Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate written by Mr.Joannes Mongardini and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of the real appreciation of the Egyptian pound over the last six years and Egypt’s lackluster export growth, questions of external competitiveness and exchange rate policy have arisen. This paper sheds light on these issues by estimating empirically Egypt’s equilibrium real exchange rate, that is, the rate that is consistent with fundamentals. The results show that, while the real exchange rate was substantially overvalued before 1993, today it is only moderately above the equilibrium rate. Moreover, the analysis shows that the recent appreciation of the pound does not indicate a worsening misalignment.
Download or read book Arab Republic of Egypt written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-08-26 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policy actions taken in March as part of a strengthened program package, including unification of the exchange rate and a significant increase in the policy rate, combined with the augmentation of the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) Arrangement, the recent investment deal with Abu Dhabi Development Holding Company (ADQ) and the announcement of financing from the European Union, the World Bank, and other international partners, improved FX liquidity and helped restore confidence. Inflation has started to fall, though remains elevated, and there are signs that the three-and-a-half-year contraction of private sector activity is reversing.
Download or read book The Egyptian Stabilization Experience written by Mr. Arvind Subramanian and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-09-01 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the successful Egyptian stabilization experience during the 1990s, focusing on its distinctive features and contrasting them with the recent experiences of other developing countries. The key policy elements were a large fiscal adjustment, use of an exchange rate anchor that has endured for over six years, supported by prudent monetary policies, and early moves to liberalize interest and exchange markets. The outcomes included the avoidance of an output collapse despite the magnitude of fiscal adjustment; avoidance of stresses on the financial system; reversal of endemic dollarization; financial deepening at the expense of the banking system; and maintenance of external viability despite a lackluster export performance.
Download or read book The Global Informal Workforce written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-23 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Informal Workforce is a fresh look at the informal economy around the world and its impact on the macroeconomy. The book covers interactions between the informal economy, labor and product markets, gender equality, fiscal institutions and outcomes, social protection, and financial inclusion. Informality is a widespread and persistent phenomenon that affects how fast economies can grow, develop, and provide decent economic opportunities for their populations. The COVID-19 pandemic has helped to uncover the vulnerabilities of the informal workforce.
Download or read book The Egyptian Stabilization Experience written by Mr.Arvind Subramanian and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-09-01 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the successful Egyptian stabilization experience during the 1990s, focusing on its distinctive features and contrasting them with the recent experiences of other developing countries. The key policy elements were a large fiscal adjustment, use of an exchange rate anchor that has endured for over six years, supported by prudent monetary policies, and early moves to liberalize interest and exchange markets. The outcomes included the avoidance of an output collapse despite the magnitude of fiscal adjustment; avoidance of stresses on the financial system; reversal of endemic dollarization; financial deepening at the expense of the banking system; and maintenance of external viability despite a lackluster export performance.
Download or read book Guidance Note for Fund Staff on the Treatment and Use of SDR Allocations written by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-08-28 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the backdrop of the global financial crisis, the IMF has decided to implement a US$250 billion general allocation of special drawing rights (SDRs). In addition, the Fourth Amendment of the Fund’s Articles of Agreement has recently become effective, and will make available to SDR Department participants a special allocation of up to an additional SDR 21.5 billion (US$33 billion). Nearly US$115 billion of these combined allocations will go to emerging market and developing countries, including about US$20 billion to low-income countries (LICs), thereby providing an important boost to the reserves of countries with the greatest needs.
Download or read book Aid and Power in the Arab World written by Jane R. Harrigan and published by Palgrave MacMillan. This book was released on 2009-02-25 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " One of the key elements of the globalisation process in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is the provision of finance by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, in return for programmes of economic liberalization which open up recipient economies to the global economy. [...] This book explores the political motivations for IMF and World Bank funding in MENA looking at both geo-politics and domestic political events in the recipients. This is complemented by critical in-depth country studies of four MENA countries that have been regarded as the most successful participants in the programmes - Jordan, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. Offering a comprehensive overview of the role of the IMF and World Bank in the Middle East, and the politics of aid flows in the region, this book is an essential companion for all interested in recent economic reforms in the MENA region, and the impact of international financial institutions on the area." -- Book cover
Download or read book The IMF World Bank and Policy Reform written by Alberto Paloni and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debate on whether or not the International Monetary Fund and World Bank and their intervention strategies are a positive force for change in the developing world continues to rage. Featuring both macroeconomic and microeconomic approaches, this book brings together an international team of contributors and centres upon three broad themes: the ideology of the IMF and World Bank poverty reduction conditionality. In exploring these themes, this book will be a valuable reference for postgraduate students and professionals in the fields of development studies and political economy.
Download or read book Financial Sector Assessment Program Update written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A joint team from the International Monetary Fund's (IMF's) Monetary and Financial Systems Department (MFD) and the World Bank visited Egypt between May 6 and May 21, 2007 to update the assessment of the Egyptian Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) that had been conducted in June 2002 and completed in September 2002. The work under the FSAP update aimed to assess progress in reforming the financial sector and strengthening financial sector regulation since 2002, and identify measures that will contribute to the consolidation of the financial sector reform and the further development of the financial sector over the next five years.
Download or read book Egypt s Capacity to Absorb and Use Economic Assistance Effectively written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
