Download or read book Egypt in the Eastern Mediterranean During the Old Kingdom written by Karin Sowada and published by Saint-Paul. This book was released on 2009 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents a revised view of Egyptian foreign relations in the eastern Mediterranean during the Old Kingdom (3rd-6th Dynasties) based on an extensive analysis of old and new archaeological data, and its relationship to the well-known textual sources. The material demonstrates that while Egypt's most important relationships were with Byblos and the Lebanese coast generally, it was an active participant in the geo-political and economic affairs of the Levant throughout much of the third millennium BCE. The archaeological data shows that the foundation of these relationships was established at the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period and essentially continued until the end of the 6th Dynasty with ebbs, flows and changes of geographical and political emphasis. It is argued that, despite the paucity of textual data, the 4th Dynasty represents the apogee of Egypt's engagement in the region, a time when the centralised state was at the height of its power and control of human and economic capital. More broadly, this study shows that Egyptian interaction in the eastern Mediterranean fits the pattern of state-to-state contact between ruling elites which was underpinned by official expeditions engaged in gift and commodity exchange, diplomatic endeavours and military incursions.
Download or read book The Eastern Mediterranean in the Age of Ramesses II written by Marc Van De Mieroop and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Eastern Mediterranean in the Age of Ramesses II offers a transnational perspective on the age of King Ramesses II of Egypt during the centuries of 1500 to 1200 BC. Shows how powerful states - stretching from western Iran to Greece and from Turkey to Sudan - jointly shaped the history, society, and culture of this region through both peaceful and military means Offers a straightforward narrative, current research, and rich illustrations Utilizes historical data from ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, Hittites, Mycenaeans, Canaanites, and others Considers all members of these ancient societies, from commoners to royalty - exploring everything from people’s eating habits to royal negotiations over diplomatic marriages
Download or read book Egypt Israel and the Ancient Mediterranean World written by Gary N. Knoppers and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2004-04-01 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major scholars in North America, Europe, and the Middle East provide a variety of fresh studies on the history, literature, religion, and art of Egypt, Israel, Phoenicia, and the rest of the ancient Mediterranean world. The first part of the book features chapters on ancient Egyptian inscriptions, art, history, and religion. The second part deals with biblical studies, the histories of ancient Israel, Canaan, and the relations among societies in the ancient Near East. The periods covered in the volume range from Old Kingdom Egypt to the late antique era. Most of the art historical and archaeological essays on ancient Egypt, Israel, and Canaan deal with previously unpublished finds. Many of the essays dealing with literary and historical issues explore the relations among ancient cultures, explaining the development of and interest in international trade, warfare, and travel. The book is amply illustrated with photos, drawings, graphs, and tables. "Egypt, Israel, and the Ancient Mediterranean World is a rich and wide-ranging collection of papers that well honors the distinguished scholar to whom it was dedicated. It also has much to offer all scholars interested in political and cultural interactions in the ancient eastern Mediterranean basin." Stanley M. Burstein, California State University, Los Angeles
Download or read book The Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt written by Charles River Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-01-08 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes ancient accounts of the Old Kingdom *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading Africa may have given rise to the first human beings, and Egypt probably gave rise to the first great civilizations, which continue to fascinate modern societies across the globe nearly 5,000 years later. From the Library and Lighthouse of Alexandria to the Great Pyramid at Giza, the Ancient Egyptians produced several wonders of the world, revolutionized architecture and construction, created some of the world's first systems of mathematics and medicine, and established language and art that spread across the known world. With world-famous leaders like King Tut and Cleopatra, it's no wonder that today's world has so many Egyptologists. What makes the accomplishments of the Ancient Egyptians all the more remarkable is that Egypt was historically a place of great political turbulence. Its position made it both valuable and vulnerable to tribes across the Mediterranean and the Middle East, and Ancient Egypt had no shortage of its own internecine warfare. Its most famous conquerors would come from Europe, with Alexander the Great laying the groundwork for the Hellenic Ptolemy line and the Romans extinguishing that line after defeating Cleopatra and driving her to suicide. Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of ancient Egyptian civilization was its inception from the ground up, as the ancient Egyptians had no prior civilization which they could use as a template. In fact, ancient Egypt itself became a template for the civilizations that followed. The Greeks and the Romans were so impressed with Egyptian culture that they often attributed many attributes of their own culture - usually erroneously - to the Egyptians. With that said, some minor elements of ancient Egyptian culture were, indeed, passed on to later civilizations. Egyptian statuary appears to have had an initial influence on the Greek version, and the ancient Egyptian language continued long after the pharaonic period in the form of the Coptic language. Although the Egyptians may not have passed their civilization directly on to later peoples, the key elements that comprised Egyptian civilization - their religion, early ideas of state, and art and architecture - can be seen in other pre-modern civilizations. For instance, civilizations far separated in time and space - such as China and Mesoamerica - possessed key elements that were similar to those found in ancient Egypt. Indeed, since Egyptian civilization represented some fundamental human concepts, a study of pharaonic culture can be useful when trying to understand many other pre-modern cultures. Thus, anyone who reads about ancient Egyptian civilization in this regard is best served by looking at its earliest phases: the Early Dynastic Period and the Old Kingdom. By examining the Old Kingdom and the period immediately preceding it, attributes considered quintessentially "Egyptian" in later periods will become clearer. The Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: The History and Legacy of the Beginning of Egyptian Civilization chronicles the tumultuous history that ushered in the beginning of Ancient Egyptian civilization. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about the Old Kingdom like never before.
Download or read book Ancient Egyptian and Mediterranean Studies written by William A. Ward and published by Department of Egyptology and Ancient Western Asian Studies, Brown University. This book was released on 1998 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of Contents: Preface; William A. Ward (1928-1996); Bibliography of William A. Ward; The Absolute Date of the Montet Jar Scarabs (Daphna Ben-Tor); A Funerary Address to the High-priest Harmakhis (J.F. Borghouts); A coffin from Farshût in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (Edward Brovarski); The Hieroglyphic Representation of the Moon's Absence (Psdntyw) (Leo Depuydt); Hurrian Incursions and the End of the Middle Bronze Age in Syria-Palestine: A Rejoinder to Nadav Na'aman (William G. Dever); The Social Setting of the Peoples of the Ancient Near East: An Assessment of Johannes Pedersen (1883-1977) (Ernest S. Frerichs); The Near East Background of the Rigveda (Cyrus H. Gordon); Representations of the Elserly in Ancient Mesopotamian Literature (Rivkah Harris); An Attic Red Figure Chous with Heroes in the Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design (R. Ross Holloway); Re-Discovering Elephants at Petra! (Martha Sharp Joukowsky); Queen Khamerernebty II and Her Sculpture (Barbara S. Lesko); The Perception of Women in Pharaonic Egyptian Wisdom Literature (Leonard H. Lesko); A Much-Published Byblite Cylinder Seal (Geoffrey T. Martin); La Désignation juridique des femmes, d'après les documents contractuels et judiciaires de l'Égypte Ancienne (Bernadette Menu); The Levantine Branch of the von Heidenstam Family in the 19th Century A.D. (R.S. Merrillees); Phoenician Inscriptions from Beirut (Hélène Sader); William A. Ward and Beirut: Archaeological News from the Capital of his Choice (Helga Seeden); The Significance of Anointing in Ancient Egyptian Funerary Beliefs (Stephen F. Thompson); Bronzes in the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago (Rolf Winkes).
Download or read book A History of Ancient Egypt written by Marc Van De Mieroop and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-01-20 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the entire history of the ancient Egyptian state from 3000 B.C. to 400 A.D. with this authoritative volume The newly revised Second Edition of A History of Ancient Egypt delivers an up-to-date survey of ancient Egypt's history from its origins to the Roman Empire's banning of hieroglyphics in the fourth century A.D. The book covers developments in all aspects of Egypt's history and their historical sources, considering the social and economic life and the rich culture of ancient Egypt. Freshly updated to take into account recent discoveries, the book makes the latest scholarship accessible to a wide audience, including introductory undergraduate students. A History of Ancient Egypt outlines major political and cultural events and places Egypt's history within its regional context and detailing interactions with western Asia and Africa. Each period of history receives equal attention and a discussion of the problems scholars face in its study. The book offers a foundation for all students interested in Egyptian culture by providing coverage of topics like: A thorough introduction to the formation of the Egyptian state between the years of 3400 B.C. and 2686 B.C. An exploration of the end of the Old Kingdom and First Intermediate period, from 2345 B.C. to 2055 B.C. An analysis of the Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos between 1700 B.C. and 1550 B.C. A discussion of Greek and Roman Egypt between 332 B.C. and A.D. 395. Perfect for students of introductory courses in ancient Egyptian history and as background material for students of courses in Egyptian art, archaeology, and culture, A History of Ancient Egypt will also earn a place in the libraries of students taking surveys of the ancient world and those seeking a companion volume to A History of the Ancient Near East.
Download or read book Egypt of the Pharaohs written by Brian M. Fagan and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Egyptians gave us the great pyramids, the Sphinx, magnificent treasures, and some of the most beautiful art and architecture in history. Brian Fagan, a renowned lecturer and professor of archaeology, makes this ancient civilization come alive, taking the reader on an unforgettable journey, spanning 6,000 years, into the world of Seti, Ramses II, Tutankhamun, and other pharaohs who left evidence of their mighty achievements. Egypt of the Pharaohs weaves together fascinating details of daily life and dynastic intrigue and also delves into the generations of explorers, treasure hunters, and archaeologists who--not always with honorable objectives--searched, studied, and plundered Egypt s past glories. The search goes on, and Brian Fagan relates the latest findings of modern-day archaeologists who continue to unearth fresh evidence of how ancient Egyptians lived and died. Stunning photographs--many never before seen--enrich this comprehensive and engrossing work. Egypt of the Pharaohs will be irrestible to armchair Egyptologists and all those eager to learn more about a civilization that still exerts a powerful hold on the imagination. Zahi Hawass, director general of the Pyramids and author of Valley of the Golden Mummies, discusses the scope of the book in his foreword.
Download or read book The Ancient Egyptians written by Jill Kamil and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new and completely revised edition of The Ancient Egyptians traces the origins of the Egyptian civilization through the rise and fall of the Old Kingdom, in light of contemporary theories and the many recent discoveries made in the field of Egyptology. Two main themes are explored in order to explain the particular success of the Old Kingdom: that ancestor worship lay at the root of ancient Egyptian religious beliefs, and that carefully established cult centers created both a common religious and cultural tradition and a reciprocal service relationship between the central government and distant communities.
Download or read book First Civilizations written by Robert Chadwick and published by Equinox Publishing Ltd.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Civilizations is the second edition of a popular student text first published in 1996 in Montreal by Les Editions Champ Fleury. This much updated and expanded edition provides an introductory overview of the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt. It was conceived primarily for students who have little or no knowledge of ancient history or archaeology. The book begins with the role of history and archaeology in understanding the past, and continues with the origins of agriculture and the formation of the Sumerian city-states in Mesopotamia. Three subsequent chapters concentrate on Assyrian and Babylonian history and culture. The second half of the book focuses on Egypt, begining with the physical environment of the Nile, the formation of the Egyptian state and the Old Kingdom. Subsequent chapters discuss the Middle Kingdom, the Hyksos period, and the 18th Dynasty, with space devoted to Hatshepsut, Akhenaten, the Ramesside period. The text ends with the Persian conquest of Mesopotamia and Egypt. First Civilizations also contains sections on astronomy, medicine, architecture, eschatology, religion, burial practices and mummification, and discusses the myths of Gilgamesh, Isis and Osiris. Each chapter has a basic bibliography which emphasizes English language encyclopedias, books and journals specializing in the ancient Near East.
Download or read book Old Kingdom New Perspectives written by Nigel Strudwick and published by Oxbow Books Limited. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research on all aspects of the Old Kingdom in Egypt is presented in this volume, ranging through the Pyramid Texts, tomb architecture, ceramics, scene choice and layout, field reports, cemetery layout, tomb and temple statuary. The contributions also show how Egyptology is not stuck in its venerable traditions but that newer forms of technology are being used to great effect by Egyptologists. For example, two papers show how GIS technology can shed light on cemetery arrangement and how 3D scanners can be employed in the process of producing facsimile drawings of reliefs and inscriptions. The authors cover a wide range of sites and monuments. A large part of the work presented deals with material from the great cemeteries of Saqqara and Giza of the Old Kingdom capital city of Memphis but all the smaller sites are discussed. The book also includes a paper on the architecture of mastabas from the lesser-known site of Abu Roasch. The provinces are by no means overlooked, with articles on material from Deir el-Bersha, el-Sheikh Said and Akhmim. Between them, the authors discuss material from the milieu of the king right down to that which concerned the tomb workmen and those who supplied their basic needs, such as bakers, brewers and potters. Containing papers presented at a conference at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge in May 2009, this book continues a series of publications of the latest research presented at previous meetings in Paris, Berlin and Prague. Much new material is published here and the papers are fully illustrated, with over 200 photographs and drawings.
Download or read book Geography Matters in Ancient Egypt written by Melanie Waldron and published by Capstone. This book was released on 2015-12-21 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geography Matters in Ancient Egypt looks at how the Egyptian Empire changed through time and gives fascinating insights into many different aspects of Egyptian life through its geography. Read about how the Egyptians made use of desert oases, how they found and used resources such as limestone and granite for building pyramids in desert areas, and how early Egyptian settlers who had decided to build in areas around the River Nile prevented their houses from flooding.
Download or read book Egypt Israel and the Ancient Mediterranean World written by Gary N. Knoppers and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These studies on the history, art, religions, and literature of Egypt and the ancient Near East include discussions of previously unpublished archaeological excavations and ancient inscriptions. Some essays engage specific literary texts; others are comparative, interpreting the finds, art, and inscriptions, from a variety of ancient societies.
Download or read book The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt written by Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-02-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes Ancient Egyptian accounts of the era *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading Africa may have given rise to the first human beings, and Egypt probably gave rise to the first great civilizations, which continue to fascinate modern societies across the globe nearly 5,000 years later. From the Library and Lighthouse of Alexandria to the Great Pyramid at Giza, the Ancient Egyptians produced several wonders of the world, revolutionized architecture and construction, created some of the world's first systems of mathematics and medicine, and established language and art that spread across the known world. With world-famous leaders like King Tut and Cleopatra, it's no wonder that today's world has so many Egyptologists. What makes the accomplishments of the Ancient Egyptians all the more remarkable is that Egypt was historically a place of great political turbulence. Its position made it both valuable and vulnerable to tribes across the Mediterranean and the Middle East, and Ancient Egypt had no shortage of its own internecine warfare. Its most famous conquerors would come from Europe, with Alexander the Great laying the groundwork for the Hellenic Ptolemy line and the Romans extinguishing that line after defeating Cleopatra and driving her to suicide. Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of ancient Egyptian civilization was its inception from the ground up, as the ancient Egyptians had no prior civilization which they could use as a template. In fact, ancient Egypt itself became a template for the civilizations that followed. The Greeks and the Romans were so impressed with Egyptian culture that they often attributed many attributes of their own culture - usually erroneously - to the Egyptians. With that said, some minor elements of ancient Egyptian culture were, indeed, passed on to later civilizations. Egyptian statuary appears to have had an initial influence on the Greek version, and the ancient Egyptian language continued long after the pharaonic period in the form of the Coptic language. Although the Egyptians may not have passed their civilization directly on to later peoples, the key elements that comprised Egyptian civilization - their religion, early ideas of state, and art and architecture - can be seen in other pre-modern civilizations. For instance, civilizations far separated in time and space - such as China and Mesoamerica - possessed key elements that were similar to those found in ancient Egypt. Indeed, since Egyptian civilization represented some fundamental human concepts, a study of their culture can be useful when trying to understand many other pre-modern cultures. Despite not having great physical monuments compared to previous and later periods in pharaonic history, however, the Middle Kingdom is the period in Egyptian history when many aspects of Egyptian culture reached their heights. Modern scholars point to the numerous texts written during the Middle Kingdom, especially fictional prose, as examples of the period's greatness. These same scholars also correctly point out that examples of Middle Kingdom literature are not as accessible to the general public, especially in the original language, and therefore are often overlooked by television documentaries and popular publications. Apart from the advances made in literature, some of the greatest Egyptian sculptures produced in pharaonic history come from the Middle Kingdom. In addition, the Egyptian empire that is today associated with the New Kingdom actually began with the great kings of the Middle Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: The History and Legacy of the Reunification of Egypt and Egyptian Civilization chronicles the tumultuous history of the Eleventh Dynasty and Twelfth Dynasty. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about the Middle Kingdom like never before.
Download or read book The Dynasties of Ancient Egypt written by Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes ancient accounts *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading Africa may have given rise to the first human beings, and Egypt probably gave rise to the first great civilizations, which continue to fascinate modern societies across the globe nearly 5,000 years later. From the Library and Lighthouse of Alexandria to the Great Pyramid at Giza, the Ancient Egyptians produced several wonders of the world, revolutionized architecture and construction, created some of the world''s first systems of mathematics and medicine, and established language and art that spread across the known world. With world-famous leaders like King Tut and Cleopatra, it''s no wonder that today''s world has so many Egyptologists. What makes the accomplishments of the Ancient Egyptians all the more remarkable is that Egypt was historically a place of great political turbulence. Its position made it both valuable and vulnerable to tribes across the Mediterranean and the Middle East, and Ancient Egypt had no shortage of its own internecine warfare. Its most famous conquerors would come from Europe, with Alexander the Great laying the groundwork for the Hellenic Ptolemy line and the Romans extinguishing that line after defeating Cleopatra and driving her to suicide. Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of ancient Egyptian civilization was its inception from the ground up, as the ancient Egyptians had no prior civilization which they could use as a template. In fact, ancient Egypt itself became a template for the civilizations that followed. The Greeks and the Romans were so impressed with Egyptian culture that they often attributed many attributes of their own culture (usually erroneously) to the Egyptians. With that said, some minor elements of ancient Egyptian culture were, indeed, passed on to later civilizations. Egyptian statuary appears to have had an initial influence on the Greek version, and the ancient Egyptian language continued long after the pharaonic period in the form of the Coptic language. Although the Egyptians may not have passed their civilization directly on to later peoples, the key elements that comprised Egyptian civilization - their religion, early ideas of state, and art and architecture - can be seen in other pre-modern civilizations. For instance, civilizations far separated in time and space, such as China and Mesoamerica, possessed key elements that were similar to those found in ancient Egypt. Indeed, since Egyptian civilization represented some fundamental human concepts, a study of pharaonic culture can be useful when trying to understand many other pre-modern cultures. Thus, anyone who reads about ancient Egyptian civilization in this regard is best served by looking at its earliest phases: the Early Dynastic Period and the Old Kingdom. By examining the Old Kingdom and the period immediately preceding it, attributes considered quintessentially "Egyptian" in later periods will become clearer. The end of the Ptolemies also happened to coincide with the most famous period of Roman history. In the latter 1st century BCE, men like Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, and Octavian participated in two civil wars that would spell the end of the Roman Republic and determine who would become the Roman emperor. In the middle of it all was history''s most famous woman, Cleopatra, who famously seduced both Caesar and Antony and thereby positioned herself as one of the most influential people in a world of powerful men. Cleopatra was a legendary figure even to contemporary Romans and the ancient world, and she was a controversial figure who was equally reviled and praised through the years, depicted both as a benevolent ruler and an evil seductress (occasionally at the same time). The Dynasties of Ancient Egypt: The History and Legacy of the Pharaohs from the Beginning of Egyptian Civilization to the Rise of Rome chronicles the tumultuous history of Ancient Egypt.
Download or read book Towards a New History for the Egyptian Old Kingdom written by Peter Der Manuelian and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2015-10-20 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These conference papers from a one-day international Egyptology symposium at Harvard University (April 26, 2012) consider questions of kingship, religion, art, economics, and old and new archaeological excavations at the Giza Pyramids and beyond (3rd millennium BCE).
Download or read book Radiocarbon and the Chronologies of Ancient Egypt written by C. Bronk Ramsey and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the findings of a major international project on the application of radiocarbon dating to the Egyptian historical chronology. Researchers from the Universities of Oxford and Cranfield in the UK, along with a team from France, Austria and Israel, radiocarbon dated more than 200 Egyptian objects made from plant material from museum collections from all over the world. The results comprise an accurate scientifically based chronology of the kings of ancient Egypt obtained by the radiocarbon analysis of short-lived plant remains. The research sheds light on one of the most important periods of Egyptian history documenting the various rulers of Egypt's Old, Middle and New Kingdoms. Despite Egypt's historical significance, in the past the dating of events has been a contentious undertaking with Egyptologists relying on various chronologies made up from archaeological and historical records. The radiocarbon dates nail down a chronology that is broadly in line with previous estimates. However, they do rule out some chronologies that have been put forward particularly in the Old Kingdom, which is shown to be older than some scholars thought. The research has implications for the whole region because the Egyptian chronology anchors the timing of historical events in neighbouring areas tied to the reign of particular Egyptian kings. The results will allow for more historical comparisons to be made in countries like Libya and Sudan, which have conducted radiocarbon dating techniques on places of archaeological interest in the past.
Download or read book Old Kingdom Legends of the Pharoahs written by Ezra Ivanov and published by DTTV PUBLICATIONS. This book was released on with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SPHINX OF GIZA Many mysteries surround the Sphinx. Many tourists are confused by the Giza sand as they trudge through it. They wonder why there is such a big fuss about this dusty knoll. Many Egyptologists agree with this statement since, unlike the three enormous pyramids that stand upon the plateau above and where the tombs of pharaohs are. The Giza Sphinx is not known to have a function. This lion with a man's head was a powerful image in its day. Sphinxes and temples adjacent to the Sphinx at Giza were visited for prayers. As millennial models for later, more miniature sphinxes, the pose, workmanship, eye and ear shapes, proportions of its face, and headdress can be found on this statue. It was freed from drifting sands, and its eroding stone was restored at the command of pharaohs, emperors, and kings. Its outline was also written - a rare occurrence - on stelae upon which it was placed within a sort of hieroglyphic landscape: a great cat standing 240 feet high at the desert's edge, flanked by the pyramids of Khufu and Khafre and tended by phalanxes of priests. Later, after several millennia, the monstrous feline evolved wings and flew onto Dr. Freud's Hampstead desk via ancient Greece and neo-classical Vienna. In temples near the Great Giza Sphinx, hundreds of small stelae were dedicated by princes, courtiers, scribes, and their families. Approximately two feet high, it is sculpted from fine white limestone.
