Download or read book Efficient Crop Type Mapping Based on Remote Sensing in the Central Valley California written by Liheng Zhong and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most agricultural systems in California's Central Valley are purposely flexible and intentionally designed to meet the demands of dynamic markets. Agricultural land use is also impacted by climate change and urban development. As a result, crops change annually and semiannually, which makes estimating agricultural water use difficult, especially given the existing method by which agricultural land use is identified and mapped. A minor portion of agricultural land is surveyed annually for land-use type, and every 5 to 8 years the entire valley is completely evaluated. So far no effort has been made to effectively and efficiently identify specific crop types on an annual basis in this area. The potential of satellite imagery to map agricultural land cover and estimate water usage in the Central Valley is explored. Efforts are made to minimize the cost and reduce the time of production during the mapping process. The land use change analysis shows that a remote sensing based mapping method is the only means to map the frequent change of major crop types. The traditional maximum likelihood classification approach is first utilized to map crop types to test the classification capacity of existing algorithms. High accuracy is achieved with sufficient ground truth data for training, and crop maps of moderate quality can be timely produced to facilitate a near-real-time water use estimate. However, the large set of ground truth data required by this method results in high costs in data collection. It is difficult to reduce the cost because a trained classification algorithm is not transferable between different years or different regions. A phenology based classification (PBC) approach is developed which extracts phenological metrics from annual vegetation index profiles and identifies crop types based on these metrics using decision trees. According to the comparison with traditional maximum likelihood classification, this phenology-based approach shows great advantages when the size of the training set is limited by ground truth availability. Once developed, the classifier is able to be applied to different years and a vast area with only a few adjustments according to local agricultural and annual weather conditions. 250 m MODIS imagery is utilized as the main input to the PBC algorithm and displays promising capacity in crop identification in several counties in the Central Valley. A time series of Landsat TM/ETM+ images at a 30 m resolution is necessary in the crop mapping of counties with smaller land parcels, although the processing time is longer. Spectral characteristics are also employed to identify crops in PBC. Spectral signatures are associated with phenological stages instead of imaging dates, which highly increases the stability of the classifier performance and overcomes the problem of over-fitting. Moderate accuracies are achieved by PBC, with confusions mostly within the same crop categories. Based on a quantitative analysis, misclassification in PBC has very trivial impacts on the accuracy of agricultural water use estimate. The cost of the entire PBC procedure is controlled to a very low level, which will enable its usage in routine annual crop mapping in the Central Valley.
Download or read book The Central Valley of California written by United States. Water Resources Policy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applications of Remote Sensing in Agriculture written by M. D. Steven and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of Remote Sensing in Agriculture contains the proceedings of the 48th Easter School in Agricultural Science, held at the University of Nottingham on April 3-7, 1989. The meeting invites 146 delegates from over 22 countries and contributions to this book come from nine countries. This book generally presents a review of the achievements of remote sensing in agriculture, establishes the state of the art, and gives pointers to developments. This text is organized into seven parts, wherein Parts I-III cover the principles of remote sensing, climate, soil, land classification, and crop inventories. Productivity; stress; techniques for agricultural applications; and opportunities, progress, and prospects in the field of remote sensing in agriculture are also discussed.
Download or read book A Comparison of Three Remote Sensing Methods for Mapping Forest Vegetation Types in Northwestern California written by John K. Lee and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding Spatiotemporal Variabilities in California Rangeland Forage Production Using Multi source Remote Sensing Observations written by Han Liu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rangelands comprise more than 30% of global land area and provide a broad range of ecosystem services ‒ including food and forage production, soil and water resource protection, biodiversity, and wildlife habitat. In California, rangelands span about 57 million hectares, taking up nearly 60% of the state's land area, encompassing the Central Valley, as well as the coastal and foothill ranges. Forage production from these rangelands not only provides bases for many ecosystem services but also supports a 3-billion-dollar beef production every year. However, forage production in California has considerable year-to-year variation due to precipitation and temperature variability. The forage production also varies significantly from place to place due to California's complex topography-induced microclimates and spatial variability in soil properties. These spatiotemporal variations in rangeland productivity make balancing economic (grazing), conservation (habitat), and environmental (erosion/water quality) objectives a big challenge, especially during an era of climate change. The present work aims to examine relationships between rangeland forage production and its potential drivers at different scales to generate knowledge and tools that can help the ranching community and policymakers to make better management decisions. The first chapter focused on developing optimized methods to map forage production at a 30-cm resolution using multispectral remote sensing images. We estimated aboveground net primary production as a product of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) derived from NDVI and light use efficiency (LUE), optimized as a function of topography and climate stressors. The estimated forage production agreed well with field measurements having an R2 of 0.80 and RMSE of 542 kg/ha. Cumulative NDVI and APAR were less correlated with measured biomass (R2= 0.68). This chapter demonstrated the utility of aerial and satellite remote sensing technology in supporting adaptive rangeland management by providing spatially explicit and near-real-time forage production estimates. Chapter two examined how climate and environmental factors regulate annual grassland forage production spatially across the state and among four ecoregions using machine learning models. We estimated annual forage production at a 30-m resolution over a 14-year period (2004-2017) using satellite images and data fusion techniques. The estimated forage production map was later fed into a gradient boosted regression trees (GBRT) model to quantify its relationship with its potential drivers. The GBRT model with 11 feature variables explained 67% of the variability in forage production across the state. Precipitation amount, especially in November (germination) and April (rapid growth), was found as the dominant driver for spatial variation in forage production, especially in drier ecoregions and during drier years. Seasonal distribution of precipitation and minimum air temperature showed a relatively stronger control on forage production in wetter regions and during wet years. Additionally, solar energy became more important in wetter ecoregions. This chapter demonstrated a cost-effective approach for rapid mapping and assessment of annual forage production with the potential for near real-time application. In chapter three, we investigated how climate regulates the temporal dynamics of annual gross primary production GPP in California's rangeland across geographical scales, based on 19 years of satellite record derived GPP at 500-meter resolution since 2001. We built GBRT models for each of 23 ecoregion subsections in our study area to relate annual GPP with 30 climatic variables and disentangled the partial dependence of GPP on each climate variable. Our analysis showed that GPP was most sensitive to growing season precipitation amount. We also found that years with precipitation more evenly distributed during the growing season had higher GPP. Warmer minimum air temperature in Winter was found to enhance the productivity in approximately 2/3rd of the subsections. In contrast, the average growing season mean air temperature and maximum air temperature showed a negative relationship with annual GPP. Across all rangelands, our models projected a slight decrease in GPP both by mid-century (2041-2059) and by the end of the century (2081-2099), when forced by downscaled future climate projection under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 from four climate models. Under RCP 8.5, predicted GPP is going to increase in larger extents of the study area than under the intermediate scenario (RCP4.5), but the expected changes in GPP values were larger. Our machine learning based analysis highlighted the regional difference in GPP vulnerability to climate and provided insights on the intertwining and potentially counteracting effects of seasonal temperature and precipitation regimes.
Download or read book Groundwater Availability of the Central Valley Aquifer California written by Claudia C. Faunt and published by Geological Survey. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earth Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polarimetric Radar Imaging written by Jong-Sen Lee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent launches of three fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) satellites have shown that polarimetric radar imaging can provide abundant data on the Earth’s environment, such as biomass and forest height estimation, snow cover mapping, glacier monitoring, and damage assessment. Written by two of the most recognized leaders in this field, Polarimetric Radar Imaging: From Basics to Applications presents polarimetric radar imaging and processing techniques and shows how to develop remote sensing applications using PolSAR imaging radar. The book provides a substantial and balanced introduction to the basic theory and advanced concepts of polarimetric scattering mechanisms, speckle statistics and speckle filtering, polarimetric information analysis and extraction techniques, and applications typical to radar polarimetric remote sensing. It explains the importance of wave polarization theory and the speckle phenomenon in the information retrieval problem of microwave imaging and inverse scattering. The authors demonstrate how to devise intelligent information extraction algorithms for remote sensing applications. They also describe more advanced polarimetric analysis techniques for polarimetric target decompositions, polarization orientation effects, polarimetric scattering modeling, speckle filtering, terrain and forest classification, manmade target analysis, and PolSAR interferometry. With sample PolSAR data sets and software available for download, this self-contained, hands-on book encourages you to analyze space-borne and airborne PolSAR and polarimetric interferometric SAR (Pol-InSAR) data and then develop applications using this data.
Download or read book Remote Sensing Handbook Three Volume Set written by Prasad Thenkabail and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 2304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume in the three-volume Remote Sensing Handbook series, Remote Sensing of Water Resources, Disasters, and Urban Studies documents the scientific and methodological advances that have taken place during the last 50 years. The other two volumes in the series are Remotely Sensed Data Characterization, Classification, and Accuracies, and Land Reso
Download or read book California Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sourcebook on Remote Sensing and Biodiversity Indicators written by Holly Strand and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This sourcebook is intended to assist environmental managers and others who work with indicators in pursuing appropriate methods for indicator testing and production, and to offer some guidance to those responsible for the interpretation of indicators and implementation of decisions based on them. Upon reading this document, technical advisers, environmental policy makers, and remote sensing lab directors and project managers should be able to identify specific, relevant uses of remote sensing data for biodiversity monitoring and indicator development related to the CBD." --p. 8.
Download or read book Renewable Resources Remote Sensing Research Program written by Dennis G. Dye and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rice Ratooning written by International Rice Research Institute and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1988 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overview; Morphology and physiology of rice ratoons; Rice ratooning in practice; Evaluation and potential of rice ratooning; Cultural practices; Genetics and varietal improvement.
Download or read book Field Methods in Remote Sensing written by Roger M. McCoy and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise, much-needed guide takes readers step by step through planning and executing field work associated with many different types of remote sensing projects. Remote sensing texts and research reports typically focus on data-analytic techniques while offering a dearth of information on procedures followed in the field. In contrast, this book provides clear recommendations for defining field work objectives, devising a valid sampling plan, finding locations using GPS, and selecting and using effective measurement techniques for field reflectance spectra and for studies of vegetation, soils, water, and urban areas. Appendices feature sample field note forms, an extensive bibliography on advanced and specialized methods, and online metadata sources.
Download or read book STAR written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data written by James Richard Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
