Download or read book Efficient and Scalable Manycores written by José Luis Abellán and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuous advances in silicon technology have enabled a new generation of chip multiprocessors, called manycores. Current designs of these systems comprise many simple and energy-efficient processor cores for an unprecedented computational power and energy efficiency. Nonetheless, this book identifies three fundamental performance bottlenecks that prevent future manycores from scaling to larger core counts. In particular, highly contended synchronization in barriers and locks, along with the overhead due to coherency activity of hardware coherence protocols. To overcome such performance bottlenecks, three distinct and complementary simple and power-efficient hardware-based solutions have been proposed: GBarrier, GLock and ECONO, respectively. A comprehensive evaluation of these new architectures utilizing a current industrial tool flow, full-custom state-of-the-art technology, full-system simulation, and a representative set of current benchmarks, reveals that integrating these three hardware solutions constitutes a step forward for both power-performance efficiency and improved scalability in future manycore systems.
Download or read book Machine Learning inspired High performance and Energy efficient Heterogeneous Manycore Chip Design written by Wonje Choi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, we undertake above-mentioned problems of designing efficient heterogenous manycore architectures. First, we propose a hybrid Network-on-Chip architecture consisting of both wireline and wireless links that can seamlessly handle the varied traffic requirements that arise in heterogeneous manycore platforms. Second, we develop a machine learning-based multi-objective optimization (MOO) algorithm that learns an evaluation function and guides the search toward optimal designs in heterogeneous manycore systems. Finally, we propose architecture-independent imitation learning-based methodology for dynamic VFI control in heterogeneous manycore systems to address power and thermal issues.
Download or read book Scalable Multi core Architectures written by Dimitrios Soudris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-17 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Moore’s law continues to unfold, two important trends have recently emerged. First, the growth of chip capacity is translated into a corresponding increase of number of cores. Second, the parallelization of the computation and 3D integration technologies lead to distributed memory architectures. This book describes recent research that addresses urgent challenges in many-core architectures and application mapping. It addresses the architectural design of many core chips, memory and data management, power management, design and programming methodologies. It also describes how new techniques have been applied in various industrial case studies.
Download or read book Methods for Efficient Data Access and Communication in Many core Architectures written by Farrukh Hijaz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The trend of increasing processor performance by boosting frequency has been halted due to excessive power dissipation. However, transistor density has continued to grow which has enabled integration of many cores on a single chip to meet the performance requirements of future applications. Scaling to hundreds of cores on a single chip present a number of challenges, mainly efficient data access and on-chip communication. Near-threshold voltage (NTV) operation has been identified as the most energy efficient region to operate in. Running at NTV can facilitate efficient data access, however, it introduces bit-cell faults in the SRAMs which needs to be dealt with. Another avenue to extract data access efficiency is by improving on-chip data locality. Shared memory abstraction dominates the traditional small computer and embedded space due to its ease of programming. For efficiency, shared memory is often implemented with hardware support for synchronization and cache coherence among the cores. However, accesses to shared data with frequent writes results in wasteful invalidations, synchronous write-backs, and cache line ping-pong leading to low spatio-temporal locality. Moreover, communication through coherent caches and shared memory primitives is inefficient because it can take many instructions to coordinate between cores. This thesis focuses on mitigating the effects of the data access and communication challenges and make architectural contributions to enable efficient and scalable many-core processors. The main idea is to minimize data movement and make each necessary data access more efficient. In this regard, a novel private level-1 cache architecture is presented to enable efficient and fault-free operation at near-threshold voltages. To better exploit data locality, a last-level cache (LLC) data replication scheme is proposed that co-optimizes data locality and off-chip miss rate. It utilizes an in-hardware predictive mechanism to classify data and only replicate high reuse data in the local LLC bank. Finally, a hybrid shared memory, explicit messaging architecture is proposed to enable efficient on-chip communication. In this architecture the shared memory model is retained, however, a set of lightweight in-hardware explicit message passing style instructions are introduced in the instruction set architecture (ISA) that enable efficient movement of computation to where data is located.
Download or read book Design and Programming of Reconfigurable Mesh Based Many cores written by Heiner Giefers and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2012 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paradigm shift towards many-core parallelism is accompanied by two fundamental questions: how should the many processors on a single die communicate to each other and what are suitable programming models for these novel architectures? In this thesis, the author tackles both questions by reviewing the reconfigurable mesh model of massively parallel computation for many-cores. The book presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a many-core architecture that is based on the execution principles and communication infrastructure of the reconfigurable mesh. This work fundamentally rests on FPGA implementations and shows that reconfigurable mesh processors with hundreds of autonomous cores are feasible. Several case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of programming and illustrate why the reconfigurable mesh is a promising model for many-cores.
Download or read book Computer Architecture written by Ana Lucia Varbanescu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-02-15 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the workshops held at the 37th International Symposium on Computer Architecture, ISCA 2010, in Saint-Malo, France, in June 2010. The 28 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from the lectures given at 5 of these workshops. The papers address topics ranging from novel memory architectures to emerging application design and performance analysis and encompassed the following workshops: A4MMC, applications for multi- and many-cores; AMAS-BT, 3rd workshop on architectural and micro-architectural support for binary translation; EAMA, the 3rd Workshop for emerging applications and many-core architectures; WEED, 2nd Workshop on energy efficient design, as well as WIOSCA, the annual workshop on the interaction between operating systems and computer architecture.
Download or read book Energy efficient Computing with Fine grained Many core Systems written by Bin Liu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past half century, Moore's Law has been the fundamental driver of high-performance computing. The continued CMOS technology scaling doubles the transistor density of VLSI systems and had provided a predictable 40% performance improvement of single-core processors for every 18 to 24 months. However, as Dennard Scaling ends, the era of scaling frequency and performance without increasing power density is over. Since 2005, the semiconductor industry shifted to multi-core and many-core processors in order to sustain the proportional scaling of performance along with transistor count increases. One of the critical challenges for many-core system design is to reduce the power dissipation and improve the energy efficiency of the chip. Researchers are eager to seek innovative low power architectures and techniques to relieve the ``dark silicon" problem and effectively convert transistors to performance. To demonstrate that many-core processors with network-on-chip interconnects is a promising architecture for high-performance energy-efficient computing, 16 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) engines are proposed on a fine-grained many-core system by exploring different granularities of data-level and task-level parallelism. The smallest design utilizes only six cores for offline key expansion and eight cores for online key expansion, while the largest requires 107 cores and 137 cores, respectively. In comparison with published AES cipher implementations on general purpose processors, the designs have has 3.5--15.6 times higher throughput per unit of chip area and 8.2--18.1 times higher energy efficiency. Moreover, the design shows 2.0 times higher throughput than the TI DSP C6201, and 3.3 times higher throughput per unit of chip area and 2.9 times higher energy efficiency than the GeForce 8800 GTX. Next, a scalable joint local and global dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) scheme is proposed to further improve the energy efficiency for many-core systems by monitoring on-line workload variations. The local algorithms selects the voltage and frequency pair for each individual core based on its FIFO occupancy and stall information, while the global algorithm tunes the global voltage supplies based on the workload of all active processors. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution, a suite of benchmarks are tested on a many-core globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) platform. The experiment results show that the proposed approach can achieve near-optimal power saving under performance constraints. Different local algorithms are compared in terms of power saving, voltage switching frequency and response delay to workload variation. The impact of the number of voltage supplies and global voltage tuning resolution on the global algorithm is also investigated. To further improve the energy efficiency beyond traditional DVFS, core scaling is proposed by introducing an extra dimension beyond supply voltage and clock frequency scaling. This dissertation addresses the problem of minimizing the power dissipation of many-core systems under performance constraints by choosing an appropriate number of active cores and per-core voltage/frequency levels. A genetic algorithm based solution is proposed to solve the problem. Experiments with real applications show that (1) dynamically scaling the number of active cores can improve the energy efficiency by 5% to 42% compared with per-core DVFS for different performance requirements; (2) core scaling favors systems with more global voltage supplies and high-performance leaky process when the performance requirement is loose, while it favors systems with fewer global voltage supplies and low-power less-leaky process when the performance requirement is tight; (3) increasing the number of global voltage supplies or leakage ratio can reduce the optimal core count by 22% and 50%, respectively.
Download or read book Dark Silicon and Future On chip Systems written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-07-26 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dark Silicon and the Future of On-chip Systems, Volume 110, the latest release in the Advances in Computers series published since 1960, presents detailed coverage of innovations in computer hardware, software, theory, design and applications, with this release focusing on an Introduction to dark silicon and future processors, a Revisiting of processor allocation and application mapping in future CMPs in the dark silicon era, Multi-objectivism in the dark silicon age, Dark silicon aware resource management for many-core systems, Dynamic power management for dark silicon multi-core processors, Topology specialization for networks-on-chip in the dark silicon era, and Emerging SRAM-based FPGA architectures. Provides in-depth surveys and tutorials on new computer technology Covers well-known authors and researchers in the field Presents extensive bibliographies with most chapters Includes volumes that are devoted to single themes or subfields of computer science, with this release focusing on Dark Silicon and Future On-chip Systems
Download or read book Programming Multicore and Many core Computing Systems written by Sabri Pllana and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-23 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Programming multi-core and many-core computing systems Sabri Pllana, Linnaeus University, Sweden Fatos Xhafa, Technical University of Catalonia, Spain Provides state-of-the-art methods for programming multi-core and many-core systems The book comprises a selection of twenty two chapters covering: fundamental techniques and algorithms; programming approaches; methodologies and frameworks; scheduling and management; testing and evaluation methodologies; and case studies for programming multi-core and many-core systems. Program development for multi-core processors, especially for heterogeneous multi-core processors, is significantly more complex than for single-core processors. However, programmers have been traditionally trained for the development of sequential programs, and only a small percentage of them have experience with parallel programming. In the past, only a relatively small group of programmers interested in High Performance Computing (HPC) was concerned with the parallel programming issues, but the situation has changed dramatically with the appearance of multi-core processors on commonly used computing systems. It is expected that with the pervasiveness of multi-core processors, parallel programming will become mainstream. The pervasiveness of multi-core processors affects a large spectrum of systems, from embedded and general-purpose, to high-end computing systems. This book assists programmers in mastering the efficient programming of multi-core systems, which is of paramount importance for the software-intensive industry towards a more effective product-development cycle. Key features: Lessons, challenges, and roadmaps ahead. Contains real world examples and case studies. Helps programmers in mastering the efficient programming of multi-core and many-core systems. The book serves as a reference for a larger audience of practitioners, young researchers and graduate level students. A basic level of programming knowledge is required to use this book.
Download or read book Embedded Computer Systems Architectures Modeling and Simulation written by Dionisios N. Pnevmatikatos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-09 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation, SAMOS 2019, held in Pythagorion, Samos, Greece, in July 2019. The 21 regular papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on system design space exploration; deep learning optimization; system security; multi/many-core scheduling; system energy and heat management; many-core communication; and electronic system-level design and verification. In addition there are 13 papers from three special sessions which were organized on topics of current interest: insights from negative results; machine learning implementations; and European projects.
Download or read book On chip Networks for Manycore Architecture written by Myong Hyon Cho (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, increasing the number of cores on a single processor has successfully enabled continued improvements of computer performance. Further scaling these designs to tens and hundreds of cores, however, still presents a number of hard problems, such as scalability, power efficiency and effective programming models. A key component of manycore systems is the on-chip network, which faces increasing efficiency demands as the number of cores grows. In this thesis, we present three techniques for improving the efficiency of on-chip interconnects. First, we present PROM (Path-based, Randomized, Oblivious, and Minimal routing) and BAN (Bandwidth Adaptive Networks), techniques that offer efficient intercore communication for bandwith-constrained networks. Next, we present ENC (Exclusive Native Context), the first deadlock-free, fine-grained thread migration protocol developed for on-chip networks. ENC demonstrates that a simple and elegant technique in the on-chip network can provide critical functional support for higher-level application and system layers. Finally, we provide a realistic context by sharing our hands-on experience in the physical implementation of the on-chip network for the Execution Migration Machine, an ENC-based 110-core processor fabricated in 45nm ASIC technology.
Download or read book Advances on P2P Parallel Grid Cloud and Internet Computing written by Fatos Xhafa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest, innovative research findings on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud, and Internet Computing. It gathers the Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing, held on November 8–10, 2017 in Barcelona, Spain. These computing technologies have rapidly established themselves as breakthrough paradigms for solving complex problems by enabling the aggregation and sharing of an increasing variety of distributed computational resources at large scale. Grid Computing originated as a paradigm for high-performance computing, offering an alternative to expensive supercomputers through different forms of large-scale distributed computing, while P2P Computing emerged as a new paradigm after client-server and web-based computing and has shown to be useful in the development of social networking, B2B (Business to Business), B2C (Business to Consumer), B2G (Business to Government), B2E (Business to Employee), and so on. Cloud Computing has been defined as a “computing paradigm where the boundaries of computing are determined by economic rationale rather than technical limits”. Cloud computing has quickly been adopted in a broad range of application domains and provides utility computing at large scale. Lastly, Internet Computing is the basis of any large-scale distributed computing paradigm; it has very rapidly developed into a flourishing field with an enormous impact on today’s information societies, serving as a universal platform comprising a large variety of computing forms such as Grid, P2P, Cloud and Mobile computing. The aim of the book “Advances on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing” is to provide the latest findings, methods and development techniques from both theoretical and practical perspectives, and to reveal synergies between these large-scale computing paradigms.
Download or read book Programming for Hybrid Multi Manycore MPP Systems written by John Levesque and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-10 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Ask not what your compiler can do for you, ask what you can do for your compiler." --John Levesque, Director of Cray’s Supercomputing Centers of Excellence The next decade of computationally intense computing lies with more powerful multi/manycore nodes where processors share a large memory space. These nodes will be the building block for systems that range from a single node workstation up to systems approaching the exaflop regime. The node itself will consist of 10’s to 100’s of MIMD (multiple instruction, multiple data) processing units with SIMD (single instruction, multiple data) parallel instructions. Since a standard, affordable memory architecture will not be able to supply the bandwidth required by these cores, new memory organizations will be introduced. These new node architectures will represent a significant challenge to application developers. Programming for Hybrid Multi/Manycore MPP Systems attempts to briefly describe the current state-of-the-art in programming these systems, and proposes an approach for developing a performance-portable application that can effectively utilize all of these systems from a single application. The book starts with a strategy for optimizing an application for multi/manycore architectures. It then looks at the three typical architectures, covering their advantages and disadvantages. The next section of the book explores the other important component of the target—the compiler. The compiler will ultimately convert the input language to executable code on the target, and the book explores how to make the compiler do what we want. The book then talks about gathering runtime statistics from running the application on the important problem sets previously discussed. How best to utilize available memory bandwidth and virtualization is covered next, along with hybridization of a program. The last part of the book includes several major applications, and examines future hardware advancements and how the application developer may prepare for those advancements.
Download or read book Advanced Techniques for Power Energy and Thermal Management for Clustered Manycores written by Santiago Pagani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-26 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on two of the most relevant problems related to power management on multicore and manycore systems. Specifically, one part of the book focuses on maximizing/optimizing computational performance under power or thermal constraints, while another part focuses on minimizing energy consumption under performance (or real-time) constraints.
Download or read book Many Core Computing written by Bashir M. Al-Hashimi and published by Computing and Networks. This book was released on 2019-04 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary aim of this book is to provide a timely and coherent account of the recent advances in many-core computing research. Starting with programming models, operating systems and their applications; it presents runtime management techniques, followed by system modelling, verification and testing methods, and architectures and systems.
Download or read book Euro Par 2010 Parallel Processing written by Pasqua D'Ambra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-09-02 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Euro-Par Conference held in Ischia, Italy, in August/September 2010. The 90 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 256 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on support tools and environments; performance prediction and evaluation; scheduling and load-balancing; high performance architectures and compilers; parallel and distributed data management; grid, cluster and cloud computing; peer to peer computing; distributed systems and algorithms; parallel and distributed programming; parallel numerical algorithms; multicore and manycore programming; theory and algorithms for parallel computation; high performance networks; and mobile and ubiquitous computing.
Download or read book Network on chip Enabled Manycore Architectures for Cyber physical System written by Xian Li and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On overall, this work indicates the challenges of CPS application specific manycore platforms design and proposes the design and optimization methods for wireless-enabled high performance and energy efficient NoC capable of handling CPS applications.
