Download or read book Efficient and Fault tolerant Communication Algorithms in Wormhole routed Distributed Membory Multiprocessors written by Vivek Halwan and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Communication efficient and Fault tolerant Algorithms for Distributed Machine Learning written by Farzin Haddadpour and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed computing over multiple nodes has been emerging in practical systems. Comparing to the classical single node computation, distributed computing offers higher computing speeds over large data. However, the computation delay of the overall distributed system is controlled by its slower nodes, i.e., straggler nodes. Furthermore, if we want to run iterative algorithms such as gradient descent based algorithms communication cost becomes a bottleneck. Therefore, it is important to design coded strategies while they are prone to these straggler nodes, at the same time they are communication-efficient. Recent work has developed coding theoretic approaches to add redundancy to distributed matrix-vector multiplications with the goal of speeding up the computation by mitigating the straggler effect in distributed computing. First, we consider the case where the matrix comes from a small (e.g., binary) alphabet, where a variant of a popular method called the ``Four-Russians method'' is known to have significantly lower computational complexity as compared with the usual matrix-vector multiplication algorithm. We develop novel code constructions that are applicable to binary matrix-vector multiplication {via a variant of the Four-Russians method called the Mailman algorithm}. Specifically, in our constructions, the encoded matrices have a low alphabet that ensures lower computational complexity, as well as good straggler tolerance. We also present a trade-off between the communication and computation cost of distributed coded matrix-vector multiplication {for general, possibly non-binary, matrices.} Second, we provide novel coded computation strategies, called MatDot, for distributed matrix-matrix products that outperform the recent ``Polynomial code'' constructions in recovery threshold, i.e., the required number of successful workers at the cost of higher computation cost per worker and higher communication cost from each worker to the fusion node. We also demonstrate a novel coding technique for multiplying $n$ matrices ($n \geq 3$) using ideas from MatDot codes. Third, we introduce the idea of \emph{cross-iteration coded computing}, an approach to reducing communication costs for a large class of distributed iterative algorithms involving linear operations, including gradient descent and accelerated gradient descent for quadratic loss functions. The state-of-the-art approach for these iterative algorithms involves performing one iteration of the algorithm per round of communication among the nodes. In contrast, our approach performs multiple iterations of the underlying algorithm in a single round of communication by incorporating some redundancy storage and computation. Our algorithm works in the master-worker setting with the workers storing carefully constructed linear transformations of input matrices and using these matrices in an iterative algorithm, with the master node inverting the effect of these linear transformations. In addition to reduced communication costs, a trivial generalization of our algorithm also includes resilience to stragglers and failures as well as Byzantine worker nodes. We also show a special case of our algorithm that trades-off between communication and computation. The degree of redundancy of our algorithm can be tuned based on the amount of communication and straggler resilience required. Moreover, we also describe a variant of our algorithm that can flexibly recover the results based on the degree of straggling in the worker nodes. The variant allows for the performance to degrade gracefully as the number of successful (non-straggling) workers is lowered. Communication overhead is one of the key challenges that hinders the scalability of distributed optimization algorithms to train large neural networks. In recent years, there has been a great deal of research to alleviate communication cost by compressing the gradient vector or using local updates and periodic model averaging. Next direction in this thesis, is to advocate the use of redundancy towards communication-efficient distributed stochastic algorithms for non-convex optimization. In particular, we, both theoretically and practically, show that by properly infusing redundancy to the training data with model averaging, it is possible to significantly reduce the number of communication rounds. To be more precise, we show that redundancy reduces residual error in local averaging, thereby reaching the same level of accuracy with fewer rounds of communication as compared with previous algorithms. Empirical studies on CIFAR10, CIFAR100 and ImageNet datasets in a distributed environment complement our theoretical results; they show that our algorithms have additional beneficial aspects including tolerance to failures, as well as greater gradient diversity. Next, we study local distributed SGD, where data is partitioned among computation nodes, and the computation nodes perform local updates with periodically exchanging the model among the workers to perform averaging. While local SGD is empirically shown to provide promising results, a theoretical understanding of its performance remains open. We strengthen convergence analysis for local SGD, and show that local SGD can be far less expensive and applied far more generally than current theory suggests. Specifically, we show that for loss functions that satisfy the \pl~condition, $O((pT)^{1/3})$ rounds of communication suffice to achieve a linear speed up, that is, an error of $O(1/pT)$, where $T$ is the total number of model updates at each worker. This is in contrast with previous work which required higher number of communication rounds, as well as was limited to strongly convex loss functions, for a similar asymptotic performance. We also develop an adaptive synchronization scheme that provides a general condition for linear speed up. We also validate the theory with experimental results, running over AWS EC2 clouds and an internal GPU cluster. In final section, we focus on Federated learning where communication cost is often a critical bottleneck to scale up distributed optimization algorithms to collaboratively learn a model from millions of devices with potentially unreliable or limited communication and heterogeneous data distributions. Two notable trends to deal with the communication overhead of federated algorithms are \emph{gradient compression} and \emph{local computation with periodic communication}. Despite many attempts, characterizing the relationship between these two approaches has proven elusive. We address this by proposing a set of algorithms with periodical compressed (quantized or sparsified) communication and analyze their convergence properties in both homogeneous and heterogeneous local data distributions settings. For the homogeneous setting, our analysis improves existing bounds by providing tighter convergence rates for both \emph{strongly convex} and \emph{non-convex} objective functions. To mitigate data heterogeneity, we introduce a \emph{local gradient tracking} scheme and obtain sharp convergence rates that match the best-known communication complexities without compression for convex, strongly convex, and nonconvex settings. We complement our theoretical results by demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed methods on real-world datasets.
Download or read book Parallel Computer Routing and Communication written by Sudhakar Yalamanchili and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-06-26 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This workshop was a continuation of the PCRCW ’94 workshop that focused on issues in parallel communication and routing in support of parallel processing. The workshop series provides a forum for researchers and designers to exchange ideas with respect to challenges and issues in supporting communication for high-performance parallel computing. Within the last few years we have seen the scope of interconnection network technology expand beyond traditional multiprocessor systems to include high-availability clusters and the emerging class of system area networks. New application domains are creating new requirements for interconnection network services, e.g., real-time video, on-line data mining, etc. The emergence of quality-of-service guarantees within these domains challenges existing approaches to interconnection network design. In the recent past we have seen the emphasis on low-latency software layers, the application of multicomputer interconnection technology to distributed shared-memory multiprocessors and LAN interconnects, and the shift toward the use of commodity clusters and standard components. There is a continuing evolution toward powerful and inexpensive network interfaces, and low-cost, high-speed routers and switches from commercial vendors. The goal is to address the above issues in the context of networks of workstations, multicomputers, distributed shared-memory multiprocessors, and traditional tightly-coupled multiprocessor interconnects. The PCRCW ’97 workshop presented 20 regular papers and two short papers covering a range of topics dealing with modern interconnection networks. It was hosted by the Georgia Institute of Technology and sponsored by the Atlanta Chapter of the IEEE Computer Society.
Download or read book 1996 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems written by IEEE Computer Society. Technical Committee on Parallel Processing and published by Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE). This book was released on 1996 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the June 1996 conference which provided a forum for scientists, engineers, and computer users to exchange and compare their experiences, new ideas, and research results. Contains 169 contributions representing 24 countries over five continents discussing various aspects of distributed
Download or read book Dependable Network Computing written by Dimiter R. Avresky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dependable Network Computing provides insights into various problems facing millions of global users resulting from the `internet revolution'. It covers real-time problems involving software, servers, and large-scale storage systems with adaptive fault-tolerant routing and dynamic reconfiguration techniques. Also included is material on routing protocols, QoS, and dead- and live-lock free related issues. All chapters are written by leading specialists in their respective fields. Dependable Network Computing provides useful information for scientists, researchers, and application developers building networks based on commercially off-the-shelf components.
Download or read book Algorithms And Architectures For Parallel Processing Proceedings Of The 1997 3rd International Conference written by Andrzej Marian Goscinski and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1997-11-15 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IEEE Third International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing (ICA3PP-97) will be held in Melbourne, Australia from December 8th to 12th, 1997. The purpose of this important conference is to bring together developers and researchers from universities, industry and government to advance science and technology in distributed and parallel systems and processing.
Download or read book Parallel and Distributed Systems 1994 International Conference On written by Lionel M. Ni and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complete proceedings of the December 1994 conference, containing some 120 papers, addresses, and sessions on topics such as teraflop computing, architecture-independent parallel programming, parallel algorithms, FDDI/ATM networks, load balancing, distributed mutual exclusion, interconnection net
Download or read book Fault tolerant Wormhole Routing in Direct Multiprocessor Networks written by Jau-Der Shih and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fault tolerant Message passing Distributed Systems written by Michel Raynal and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the most important fault-tolerant distributed programming abstractions and their associated distributed algorithms, in particular in terms of reliable communication and agreement, which lie at the heart of nearly all distributed applications. These programming abstractions, distributed objects or services, allow software designers and programmers to cope with asynchrony and the most important types of failures such as process crashes, message losses, and malicious behaviors of computing entities, widely known under the term "Byzantine fault-tolerance". The author introduces these notions in an incremental manner, starting from a clear specification, followed by algorithms which are first described intuitively and then proved correct. The book also presents impossibility results in classic distributed computing models, along with strategies, mainly failure detectors and randomization, that allow us to enrich these models. In this sense, the book constitutes an introduction to the science of distributed computing, with applications in all domains of distributed systems, such as cloud computing and blockchains. Each chapter comes with exercises and bibliographic notes to help the reader approach, understand, and master the fascinating field of fault-tolerant distributed computing.
Download or read book Communication and Agreement Abstractions for Fault tolerant Asynchronous Distributed Systems written by Michel Raynal and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding distributed computing is not an easy task. This is due to the many facets of uncertainty one has to cope with and master in order to produce correct distributed software. Considering the uncertainty created by asynchrony and process crash failures in the context of message-passing systems, the book focuses on the main abstractions that one has to understand and master in order to be able to produce software with guaranteed properties. These fundamental abstractions are communication abstractions that allow the processes to communicate consistently (namely the register abstraction and the reliable broadcast abstraction), and the consensus agreement abstractions that allows them to cooperate despite failures. As they give a precise meaning to the words "communicate" and "agree" despite asynchrony and failures, these abstractions allow distributed programs to be designed with properties that can be stated and proved. Impossibility results are associated with these abstractions. Hence, in order to circumvent these impossibilities, the book relies on the failure detector approach, and, consequently, that approach to fault-tolerance is central to the book. Table of Contents: List of Figures / The Atomic Register Abstraction / Implementing an Atomic Register in a Crash-Prone Asynchronous System / The Uniform Reliable Broadcast Abstraction / Uniform Reliable Broadcast Abstraction Despite Unreliable Channels / The Consensus Abstraction / Consensus Algorithms for Asynchronous Systems Enriched with Various Failure Detectors / Constructing Failure Detectors
Download or read book Fault tolerant Wormhole Routing Algorithms for K ary N cubes written by Yiu Cheong Ho and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fault Tolerant Computing Systems written by Mario Dal Cin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 5th International GI/ITG/GMA Conference, Nürnberg, September 25-27, 1991. Proceedings
Download or read book Interconnection Networks written by Jose Duato and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2003 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreword -- Foreword to the First Printing -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Introduction -- Chapter 2 -- Message Switching Layer -- Chapter 3 -- Deadlock, Livelock, and Starvation -- Chapter 4 -- Routing Algorithms -- Chapter 5 -- CollectiveCommunicationSupport -- Chapter 6 -- Fault-Tolerant Routing -- Chapter 7 -- Network Architectures -- Chapter 8 -- Messaging Layer Software -- Chapter 9 -- Performance Evaluation -- Appendix A -- Formal Definitions for Deadlock Avoidance -- Appendix B -- Acronyms -- References -- Index.
Download or read book Journal of Information Science and Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adaptive Fault tolerant Wormhole Routing Algorithms for K ary N Cubes written by Suresh Chalasni and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mapping on Wormhole routed Distributed memory Systems written by Vibha Dixit-Radiya and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
