Download or read book Efficient and Correct Execution of Parallel Programs That Share Memory Classic Reprint written by Dennis Shasha and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-20 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Efficient and Correct Execution of Parallel Programs That Share Memory In this paper, we consider an Optimization problem that arises in the execution Of parallel programs on shared memory multiple-instruction stream multiple-data stream (mimd) computers. A program on such a machine consists of many program segments each executed sequentially by a single processor. The processors have access to shared memory, and can execute standard memory access operations on this shared memory. This memory is distributed among many separate memory modules. A network connects processors to memory modules. Delays on this network are stochastic. Thus, Operations issued by a processor to distinct memory modules may not be executed as memory requests on those modules in the order they were issued. For performance reasons, we want to allow one operation to begin before a previous one in the same instruction Our analysis gives a method for determining which operations in a stream may be issued concurrently without changing the semantics Of the execution. We also consider code where blocks of Operations have to be executed atomically. This introduces the necessity of locks. We use a conflict graph similar to that used to schedule transactions in distributed databases. Our graph incorporates the order on Operations given by the program text, enabling us to do without locks even when database conflict graphs would suggest that locks are necessary. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Efficient and Correct Execution of Parallel Programs That Share Memory written by Dennis Shasha and published by Sagwan Press. This book was released on 2018-02-07 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book Efficient and Correct Execution of Parallel Programs that Share Memory written by Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. Ultracomputer Research Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Efficient and Correct Execution of Parallel Programs That Share Memory Primary Source Edition written by Dennis Shasha and published by . This book was released on 2013-12 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Efficient Synchronization on Multiprocessors With Shared Memory Classic Reprint written by Clyde P. Kruskal and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-07 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Efficient Synchronization on Multiprocessors With Shared Memory A new formalism is given for read-modify-write (rmw) synchronization opera tions. This formalism is used to extend the memory reference combining mechan ism, introduced in the nyu Ultracomputer, to arbitrary rmw operations. A for mal correctness proof of this combining mechanism is given. General requirements for the practicality of combining are discussed. Combining is shown to be practical for many useful memory access Operations. This includes memory updates of the form mem_val mem_val op val, where op need not be associative, and a variety of synchronization primitives. The computation involved is shown to be closely re lated to parallel prefix evaluation. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Shared Memory Parallelism Can Be Simple Fast and Scalable written by Julian Shun and published by ACM Books. This book was released on 2017 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parallelism is the key to achieving high performance in computing. However, writing efficient and scalable parallel programs is notoriously difficult, and often requires significant expertise. To address this challenge, it is crucial to provide programmers with high-level tools to enable them to develop solutions easily, and at the same time emphasize the theoretical and practical aspects of algorithm design to allow the solutions developed to run efficiently under many different settings. This thesis addresses this challenge using a three-pronged approach consisting of the design of shared-memory programming techniques, frameworks, and algorithms for important problems in computing. The thesis provides evidence that with appropriate programming techniques, frameworks, and algorithms, shared-memory programs can be simple, fast, and scalable, both in theory and in practice. The results developed in this thesis serve to ease the transition into the multicore era. The first part of this thesis introduces tools and techniques for deterministic parallel programming, including means for encapsulating nondeterminism via powerful commutative building blocks, as well as a novel framework for executing sequential iterative loops in parallel, which lead to deterministic parallel algorithms that are efficient both in theory and in practice. The second part of this thesis introduces Ligra, the first high-level shared memory framework for parallel graph traversal algorithms. The framework allows programmers to express graph traversal algorithms using very short and concise code, delivers performance competitive with that of highly-optimized code, and is up to orders of magnitude faster than existing systems designed for distributed memory. This part of the thesis also introduces Ligra+, which extends Ligra with graph compression techniques to reduce space usage and improve parallel performance at the same time, and is also the first graph processing system to support in-memory graph compression. The third and fourth parts of this thesis bridge the gap between theory and practice in parallel algorithm design by introducing the first algorithms for a variety of important problems on graphs and strings that are efficient both in theory and in practice. For example, the thesis develops the first linear-work and polylogarithmic-depth algorithms for suffix tree construction and graph connectivity that are also practical, as well as a work-efficient, polylogarithmic-depth, and cache-efficient shared-memory algorithm for triangle computations that achieves a 2-5x speedup over the best existing algorithms on 40 cores. This is a revised version of the thesis that won the 2015 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award.

Download or read book Detecting Nondeterminism in Shared Memory Parallel Programs written by Anne Dinning and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2015-07-28 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Detecting Nondeterminism in Shared Memory Parallel Programs: Technical Report 526 This thesis addresses the problem of detecting of a specific type of nondeterminism in shared memory parallel programs known as access anomalies. An access anomaly occurs when an update to a shared variable X is concurrent with either a read of X or another update of X. The first part of the work considers dynamic detection of access anomalies. We introduce a new technique called task recycling that detects access anomalies "on the fly" by monitoring the program execution. This technique is designed with two goals in mind. The first goal is minimal monitoring overhead. Costs are incurred only at thread create, terminate, and coordinate operations and every time a monitored variable is accessed. Because variable accesses are generally the most frequent operation, the task recycling technique reduces the overhead per variable access to a small constant. The second goal is generality. The task recycling technique is applicable to a wide variety of parallel constructs and all common synchronous and asynchronous coordination primitives. Combined with a protocol for specifying ordering constraints, the method of representing concurrency relationships in task recycling cam be extended to detect general race conditions in parallel programs. The second part of the thesis involves static detection of several types of nondeterminism that makes dynamic anomaly detection inefficient. In particular, the notion of nondeterminism arising from critical section coordination is refined by distinguishing between three types of nondeterminism - parallel, sequential, and reference nondeterminism. The presence of these types of nondeterminism in a program impacts access anomaly detection in two significant ways: (i) how critical section coordination is modeled during anomaly detection, and (ii) the confidence level and complexity of guaranteeing that a program has no access anomalies. In particular, it is shown that access anomalies can be detected efficiently only if a program is parallel, sequential and reference deterministic. Heuristics are presented that make access anomaly detection tractable in the presence of other nondeterminism through a better classification and semantic understanding of a coordination protocol. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Performance of Shared Memory in a Parallel Computer Classic Reprint written by Kevin Donovan and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-23 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Performance of Shared Memory in a Parallel Computer The particular application that motivated this study is the performance analysis of parallel computers, especially vector machines in which processors and memories are connected by a crossbar. This means there is a communication path between each processor and memory that does not conflict with the path between any other processor and memory. However, if a memory module is addressed by more than one processor during an instruction cycle, the different accesses must be serviced sequentially, and the program cannot advance until all memory requests are satisfied. In such a case, the time to perform an instruction increases linearly with the length of the maximum request queue. Consequently, the hardware designer wishes the memory requests to be spread as uniformly as possible on average. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Efficient Implementation of High level Parallel Programs written by R. L. Bagrodia and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "The efficiency of a parallel program is related to the implementation of its data structures on the distributed (or shared) memory of a specific architecture. This paper describes a declarative approach that may be used to modify the mapping of the program data on a specific architecture. The ideas are developed in the context of a new language called UC and its implementation on the Connection Machine. The paper also contains measurements on sample programs to illustrate the effectiveness of data mappings in improving the execution efficiency of a program."

Download or read book Adaptive Efficient Parallel Execution of Parallel Programs written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future multicore processors will be heterogeneous, be increasingly less reliable, and operate in dynamically changing operating conditions. Such environments will result in a constantly varying pool of hardware resources which can complicate the programmer's task of efficiently exposing an application's parallelism onto these resources. Coupled with this complexity is the diverse set of performance objectives, such as latency, throughout, energy, power and resources, that users may desire. This dissertation proposes to automate the process of exposing an application's parallelism, in order to alleviate programmers from the burden of this complexity. It develops Varuna, a system that dynamically, continuously, rapidly and transparently adapts an application's parallelism to best match the instantaneous capabilities and availability of the hardware resources and the characteristics of the application, while optimizing different performance objectives. To facilitate rapid parallelism adaptation, this dissertation develops a holistic and resource-agnostic scalability model based on Amdahl's law. Varuna first employs the model to rapidly estimates changes in efficiency during an application's parallel execution. It then uses formulae, derived from the model, to instantaneously determine the optimum degree of parallelism (DoP) to employ for different performance objectives and automatically guides the execution to the computed DoP. In order for Varuna to transparently guide the application's parallel execution to the computed DoP, this dissertation proposes to employ a novel primitive called a virtual task (vtask). Vtasks decouple application-level parallelism from hardware parallelism. They are progress-aware entities and give Varuna the flexibility needed to transparently control an application's parallel execution, without hampering its forward progress. Varuna is programming model independent. It retains the existing programming abstractions and can be applied to both task-based and multithreaded shared memory parallel applications. Further, it requires no changes to the application or the Operating System, and can tackle arbitrary parallel applications that use standard APIs. This dissertation demonstrates Varuna for three different shared memory parallel programming APIs: Pthreads, Intel Thread Building Blocks (TBB), and Prometheus. This dissertation evaluates Varuna in three different execution environments, isolated, multiprogrammed and asymmetric, using unaltered C/C++ Pthreads, TBB and Prometheus applications from various standard benchmark suites, on three different real hardware platforms with different microarchitectural resource capabilities. Regardless of the execution environment, Varuna always outperformed the state-of-the-art approaches for the performance objectives considered.

Download or read book Parallel Language Support on Shared Memory Multiprocessors written by Anurag Sah and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of general purpose parallel computing requires efficientat and inexpensive platforms for parallel program execution. This helps in ascertaining tradeoff choices between hardware complexity and software solutions for massively paralel systems design. In this report, we present an implementation of an efficient parallel execution model on shared memory multiprocessors based ona Threaded Abstract Machine. We discuss a k-way generalized locking strategy suitable for our model. We study the performance gains obtained by a queuing strategy whicwhich uses multiple queues with reduced access contention. We also present perforrformance models in shared memory machines, related to lock contention and serialization in shared memory allocation. A bia-based memory management technique which reduces the serialization is presented. These issues are critical for obtaining an efficient parallel execution environment.

Download or read book written by Foster and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 国外著名高等院校信息科学与技术优秀教材

Download or read book Studies on Memory Consistency and Synchronization Failure Detection in Parallel Programs written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Parallel Execution of Logic Programs on Shared Memory Multiprocessors written by Gopal Gupta and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Introduction to Parallel Computing written by Ananth Grama and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2003 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete source of information on almost all aspects of parallel computing from introduction, to architectures, to programming paradigms, to algorithms, to programming standards. It covers traditional Computer Science algorithms, scientific computing algorithms and data intensive algorithms.

Download or read book Program based Structural Testing of Shared Memory Parallel Programs written by Cheer-Sun David Yang and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Euro Par 2009 Parallel Processing Workshops written by Hai-Xiang Lin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-17 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the workshops of the 15th International Conference on Parallel Computing, Euro-Par 2009, held in Delft, The Netherlands, in August 2009. These focus on advanced specialized topics in parallel and distributed computing and reflect new scientific and technological developments.