Download or read book Effects on Working Memory and Organization on Age Differences in Memory for Scene Information written by David Alan Frieske and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perspectives on Human Memory and Cognitive Aging written by Moshe Naveh-Benjamin and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Divided into four parts, the first section of this book deals with levels of processing and memory theory, the second addresses working memory and attention, the third deals with cognitive aging, and the last addresses neuroscience perspectives.
Download or read book Aging and Context Effects in Working Memory written by James R. Houston and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well-accepted that higher level cognitive abilities exhibit the greatest declines with the aging process. One aspect of executive function, working memory, is no exception to this trend. Older adults demonstrate clear deficits in working memory function which coincide with different patterns of neural activation compared to younger adults. The reliability of these effects and the strong relationship between age-related working memory losses and losses in other areas of cognitive function have led researchers to propose working memory function as a driving factor behind the majority of age-related losses in cognitive function. However, by treating working memory as a core factor behind cognitive losses with aging, it diminishes the conceptualization of working memory as a highly complex concept in itself. Indeed, as researchers have proposed multiple working memory theories from cognitive, neural, and computational perspectives in an effort to unify and understand the structure and function of the system, pointing to working memory as an explanatory factor behind age-related losses in cognitive performance provides nominal value. In contrast, by examining the working memory system using a process approach that breaks down the component subprocesses of the working memory system, we can gain a better understanding of how and why the complex concept of working memory has such strong associations with age-related losses in cognitive function.The principal goal of this doctoral thesis was to examine the role played by one such subcomponent of the working memory process, context integration, in age-related differences in working memory performance. A multiple experiment study examined how younger and older adults integrated contextual information in a working memory task by manipulating the predictability of source information in a repetition detection working memory paradigm. Behavioral (accuracy and response time) and neurophysiological (EEG) measures were taken while participants engaged in two tasks to address potential age group differences in working memory encoding, retrieval, and context integration. Critically, this study was also one of the first to contrast the working memory theories of aging by using behavioral and direct physiological measures of functioning.Results from both experiments identified age-related losses in accuracy in the single-context control condition. These effects were replicated in the dual context conditions in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2. Results were interpreted as reflecting an age-related reduction in resource reserves that led to losses when the older adults' comparatively lower resource capacities were exceeded by task demands. ERP analyses suggested that these effects were associated with working memory access deficits with aging. Younger and older adult waveforms also differed in their spatial distributions across the scalp. While younger adults elicited more focal, posterior activities, older adults exhibited more widespread, and frontal activations. Context predictability did not influence the performance of either age group. We conclude that resource consumption is the most likely candidate to drive age group differences in working memory performance and that this difference is the result of age-related deficits in accessing offline working memory stores.
Download or read book Distinctiveness and Memory written by R. Reed Hunt and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-06 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research relevant to the topic of distinctiveness and memory dates back over 100 years and boasts a literature of well over 2,000 published articles. Throughout this history, numerous theories of distinctiveness and memory have been offered and subsequently refined. There has, however, never been a book that brings this rich history together with the latest research. This volume is the first to present an historical overview, the results of the current research, and several new theories on distinctiveness and memory. Each chapter contains a review of the relevant literature and latest research on its topic. The book includes sections that cover basic theory and behavioral research on distinctiveness, bizarreness effects, distinctiveness effects on implicit memory, the development of distinctiveness across the lifespan, distinctiveness in social context, and the neuroscience of distinctiveness and memory. In the concluding chapter, Fergus Craik offers his current perspective on distinctiveness and evaluates the various other theories of distinctiveness presented in the volume. Distinctiveness and Memory will be a valuable resource for student and professional researchers in neuroscience and cognitive, developmental, and social psychology.
Download or read book Working Memory and Ageing written by Robert H. Logie and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-06-20 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid growth in the numbers of older people worldwide has led to an equally rapid growth in research on the changes across age in cognitive function, including the processes of moment to moment cognition known as working memory. This book brings together international research leaders who address major questions about how age affects working memory: Why is working memory function much better preserved in some people than others? In all healthy adults, which aspects of working memory are retained in later years and which aspects start declining in early adulthood? Can cognitive training help slow cognitive decline with age? How are changes in brain structures, connectivity and activation patterns related to important changes in working memory function? Impairments of cognition, and particularly of working memory, can be major barriers to independent living. The chapters of this book dispel some popular myths about cognitive ageing, while presenting the state of the science on how and why working memory functions as it does throughout the adult lifespan. Working Memory and Aging is the first volume to provide an overview of the burgeoning literature on changes in working memory function across healthy and pathological ageing, and it will be of great interest to advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in psychology and related subject areas concerned with the effects of human ageing, including several areas of medicine.
Download or read book Learning and Memory in Normal Aging written by Donald H. Kausler and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1994-06 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Donald Kausler is one of the founding fathers of research on aging. Internationally recognized, his efforts have formed the cornerstone of research on how age affects memory and learning. Now, in one comprehensive volume, Kausler condenses research findings in this realm into one engaging and forthright book. What are the effects of aging on classical and operant conditioning? How does age affect memory capacity/transfer of learning skill acquisition? Kausler addresses all of these issues and more in a clearly presented, easily understood review of major research findings. Single authored for clarity and consistency of presentation Comprehensive coverage of the effects of age on all aspects of learning and memory Focus on aspects of normal aging rather than pathological states
Download or read book Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics Volume 27 2007 written by Leonard W. Poon, PhD, DPhil and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2007-12-12 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though exceptional human longevity has captured the imagination for millennia, it has been only in the past fifteen years or so that some of the secrets to very long lives are finally giving way to scientific inquiry. Written by an international group of experts, this year's review first considers the methodological and design dilemmas faced in conducting centenarian research. It then offers guidance in locating literature and data sources for primary and secondary information on centenarians and the oldest old. This section includes a list of the world's oldest persons and discusses the difficulties in compiling such a list. The remainder of the review is divided in three sections-the biology and genetics of longevity, the behavioral and social predictors of longevity, and methodological issues in qualitative and anthropologic approaches and the study of the very oldest old, supercentenarians, or those who live to 110 years or more. Data is drawn from studies undertaken among populations in diverse parts of the world.
Download or read book The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory written by Naoyuki Osaka and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is only relatively recently that it has been possible to study the neural processes that might underlie working memory, leading to a proliferation of research in this domain. This volume brings together leading researchers from around the world to summarise current knowledge of this field.
Download or read book Event Cognition written by Gabriel A. Radvansky and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of our behavior is guided by our understanding of events. We perceive events when we observe the world unfolding around us, participate in events when we act on the world, simulate events that we hear or read about, and use our knowledge of events to solve problems. In this book, Gabriel A. Radvansky and Jeffrey M. Zacks provide the first integrated framework for event cognition and attempt to synthesize the available psychological and neuroscience data surrounding it. This synthesis leads to new proposals about several traditional areas in psychology and neuroscience including perception, attention, language understanding, memory, and problem solving. Radvansky and Zacks have written this book with a diverse readership in mind. It is intended for a range of researchers working within cognitive science including psychology, neuroscience, computer science, philosophy, anthropology, and education. Readers curious about events more generally such as those working in literature, film theory, and history will also find it of interest.
Download or read book Imagery Language and Visuo Spatial Thinking written by Michel Denis and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imagery, Language and Visuo-Spatial Thinking discusses the remarkable human ability to use mental imagery in everyday life: from helping plan actions and routes to aiding creative thinking; from making sense of and remembering our immediate environment to generating pictures in our minds from verbal descriptions of scenes or people. The book also considers the important theme of how individuals differ in their ability to use imagery. With contributions from leading researchers in the field, this book will be of interest to advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in cognitive psychology, cognitive science and cognitive neuropsychology.
Download or read book Age Working Memory and the Strategic Control of Attention at Encoding written by Melissa Gail Hayes and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current study investigated the effects of aging on the strategic control of attention at encoding and the extent to which this relationship was mediated by working memory capacity. The value-directed remembering task used by Castel et al. (2009) was modified to include an inhibitory task demand (i.e., value-directed forgetting), and age differences were predicted due to declines in the efficiency of inhibitory mechanisms. Results confirmed this prediction, as older adults were less efficient in maximizing their selectivity scores upon the inclusion of task interference, and working memory was found to be supportive of performance. Results additionally support an age-related decline in the directed forgetting effect, such that older adults recalled and recognized fewer TBR items and more TBF items, relative to younger adults. Taken together, results suggest an age-related decline in the ability to inhibit goal-irrelevant information, thereby limiting working memory resources available for greater processing of goal-relevant information.
Download or read book The Role of Working Memory in Adult Age Differences in Subjective Organization written by Wei Huang and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of the Psychology of Aging written by James E. Birren and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for researchers, clinicians and graduate students in the field, this book provides a review and reference source for scientific and professional literature on the psychology of adult development and ageing.
Download or read book Aging and Cognition written by T.M. Hess and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1990-10-09 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past two decades, there has been a dramatic increase in interest in the study of aging-related changes in cognitive abilities. In this volume researchers from a variety of theoretical perspectives discuss adult age differences in a wide range of cognitive skills. Of special interest is the extent to which aging effects on performance are related to variations in the representation, organization, and utilization of knowledge, broadly defined. Recent research and theory in the field of aging has emphasized the need to examine such processes more closely in order to provide a more complete understanding of aging effects on cognitive behavior.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Handbook of Aging and Cognition written by Fergus I. M. Craik and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive aging is a flourishing area of research. This third edition reviews the findings and theories since the previous edition and evaluates the field's points of growth.
Download or read book The Role of Inhibitory Functioning in Age related Working Memory Decline and the Moderating Effect of Time Course Changes in Inhibitory Functioning with Age written by Mervin Blair and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current thesis investigated whether and how inhibitory and working memory functioning change with age in the context of a sequential action paradigm. The approach taken was guided by (1) propositions that inhibitory functions decline with age and negatively impact higher order abilities, and (2) the utility of better understanding cognitive mechanisms underlying sequential activities. In Study 1, I examined the extent to which age-related decline in deletion-type inhibition (suppression of no-longer-relevant information) accounted for age differences in working memory performance. Unlike much of the prior research, I examined inhibitory changes with respect to working memory components (processing and storage). I observed that reduced deletion-type inhibition with age accounted for sizable proportions of age differences in working memory components, with significant findings in storage and marginal findings in processing components. This finding indicates that changes in executive function with age, such as inhibitory control, have direct implications for working memory functioning at the componential level. Moreover, given the observation of age-related decline in deletion-type inhibition in Study 1, a finding that has been inconsistent in the literature, in two subsequent studies I examined the nature of inhibitory changes with age. In particular, I examined whether compared to younger adults, older adults{u2019} have reduced ability to engage deletion-type inhibition in a timely manner, beyond the effects of age-related general slowing. In Study 2, I did not observe age differences in the time course of deletion-type inhibition when I examined erroneous responses to the prior, no-longer-relevant, item (n - 1 repeat). However, this finding may have been limited by low error rates obtained. Thus, in Study 3, response latencies on n - 1 repeats were examined for changes in low-level (unintentional) deletion-type inhibition across variable numbers of distractors, corresponding to variable time delays. Compared to younger adults, older adults had difficulty engaging deletion-type inhibition. This finding suggests that more detailed specification of inhibitory changes with age might depend on examining the temporal dynamics of inhibitory functioning in young and older adults. Taken together, this work highlights the important role of inhibitory functioning with age in higher order cognition (working memory) and emphasizes the utility of examining age effects in the time course of cognitive functions in sequential tasks.
