Download or read book Effects of Watershed Changes Cn Streamflow written by and published by . This book was released on 1969* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Watershed Changes on Streamflow written by Carl W. Morgan and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Watershed Hydrology written by Vijay P. Singh and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Watershed Changes on Streamflow written by W. L. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effects of watershed changes: a continuing challenge;Effects of watershed changes on water quality;Potential of physical models for achievingbetter understanding and evaluation of watershed changes;A discussion of potential of physical models for achieving better understanding an evaluation of watershed changes; Analysis of watershed changes; Informational needs on changes in rural watershed and their relationship to planning activities; Land treatment in agricultural watershed hydrology research; Effects of conservation treatments on water yield; Application of continuous accounting techniques to evaluate the effects of small structures on mukewater Creek, Texas; A discussion of application of continuous accounting techniques to evaluate the effects of small structures on mukewater creek, Texas; Effects of small structures on peak flow; Effects of small structures on water yield in Texas; Effects of small structures on water yield in Texas; Field experiment on washita river; Pollution effects in rural watersheds; The nature of changes in urban watersheds and their importance in the decades ahead; The U.S. geological survey urban water program; Urban effects on water yield; Modeling the runoff characteristics of a urban watershed by means of an analog computer; Effects of urbanization on peak flows; Urban effects on the unit hydrograph; Experience with the evaluation of urban effect for drainage design; Urban effect of quality of streamflow.

Download or read book Effects of Land cover Change on Streamflow written by Peter James Dennedy-Frank and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally, more than 700 million people live in watersheds with a degraded ability to provide hydrologic ecosystem (hydro-eco) services, such as improved water yield and moderation of peak and dry-season river flows. Restoring pre-development land cover to provide hydro-eco services has become a major driver of conservation. This dissertation investigates the hydrologic response to land-cover change in high-resolution hydrologic models of 32 watersheds spanning six continents and diverse climate zones. The watershed site models are used to explore streamflow changes for scenarios of land-cover restoration to a pre-development state, as well as land-cover development to agricultural or urban conditions. The site models are used to simulate land-cover change of 10% of watershed area, which is larger than the area typically selected for hydro-eco service investment. On average the magnitude of annual average water yield, low flow, and high flow are reduced 1-3% under restoration. The magnitude is similar but the direction reversed for development to agricultural or urban conditions. Focusing on restoration, results show that groups of watersheds have similar streamflow response characteristics to land cover-change despite the limited response magnitude. The groups are identified using a graph-connectedness approach based on the sign correlation of changes in 26 streamflow index values. Watersheds fall into three clusters characterized by their hydrologic responses to land-cover change: 1) low-flow intensifying, 2) high-flow intensifying, and 3) high-flow enhancing. Non-parametric hypothesis testing is used to identify which particular streamflow indices, watershed features, and pre-restoration flow features are characteristic of watersheds in the respective clusters. Under restoration, sites in the low-flow intensifying cluster exhibit an increase in low flow and a decrease in high flow. Sites in the high-flow intensifying cluster show high flow increases (relative to each site's median flow) and low flow decreases. The high-flow enhancing cluster behaves like the high-flow intensifying cluster, but has smaller reductions in low flows. Soil characteristics in the sites are distinct across clusters. Watersheds with smaller soil depths and available soil water content fall into the low-flow intensifying cluster, and these soil characteristics are statistically different from those of sites in the high-flow enhancing and intensifying clusters. After restoration, the low-flow intensifying watersheds typically exhibit greater infiltration and shift water to the low-flow regime. This flowvi regulating behavior is a desired effect of watershed restoration. In contrast, high-flow intensifying watersheds exhibit increased transpiration that reduces low flow. Such behavior is detrimental to regions with limited water availability. This study uses local hydrologic site models in a broad range of conditions to better understand how landcover changes affect hydrologic response and under what conditions such changes might enhance hydro-eco services. Results contribute useful guidance about the generally limited effects of land-cover change on water yield. This work also provides useful understanding about key watershed characteristics that affect streamflow responses to restoration.

Download or read book The Impacts of Climate Change on New York Streamflows written by Ching-pin Tung and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of urban development on stream ecosystems in nine metropolitan study areas across the United States written by James F. Coles and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Land Change Science written by Garik Gutman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-24 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a synthesis of the NASA funded work under the Land-Cover and Land-Use Change Program. Hundreds of scientists have worked for the past eight years to understand one of the most important forces that is changing our planet-human impacts on land cover, that is land use. Its contributions span the natural and the social sciences, and apply state-of-the-art techniques for understanding the earth: satellite remote sensing, geographic information systems, modeling, and advanced computing. It brings together detailed case studies, regional analyses, and globally scaled mapping efforts. This is the most organized effort made to understand the dominant force that has been responsible for changing the Earth’s biosphere. Audience: This publication will be of interest to students, scientists, and policy makers. This volume includes a CD-ROM containing full color images of a selection of illustrations which are printed in black-and-white in the book.

Download or read book Climate Change Impacts on Snowmelt Driven Streamflow in the Grand River Watershed written by Amy Dietrich and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is one of the most significant global environmental drivers threatening the quality and quantity of future water resources. Global temperature increases will have significant effects on the hydrologic regime of northern regions due to changes in snowfall and snowmelt. Considerable research has been conducted in western Canada to rigorously quantify snowmelt-driven streamflow processes, however, less focus has been directed towards understanding these processes in eastern Canada and Ontario. In the southern Ontario Grand River Watershed (GRW), snowmelt contributions to streamflow (freshet) make up a significant portion of the annual water yield, and the period of snowmelt is also of key concern for flood mitigation. This thesis aims to quantify historical and projected changes to timing and streamflow during freshet in the Nith River, an unregulated tributary of the Grand River. Climate data (temperature, rainfall, snowfall, and snow proportion) from observations and future scenarios were analyzed to quantify the contributions of climate conditions surrounding the timing and volume of the freshet. The annual timing of snowmelt-driven streamflow was quantified using centre time (CT), and streamflow volumes were quantified by various percentiles of streamflow (Qn) during four periods of the water year (October-December, January-February, March-April, and May-September). Historical trends in streamflow and climate data were examined using hydrometric data (1914-2016) of a stream gauge from the Water Survey of Canada, and climate data (1950-2016) from Environment and Climate Change Canada at two stations. Projected climate data were from an ensemble of models used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). A total of nine distinct models ran two scenarios from AR4 for the 2050s; moderate (B1) and high (A1B). These time-slice projections were then used to force the hydrologic model GAWSER to simulate future streamflow data. The results show that CT in the Nith River has advanced by 17 days, on average, from 1914 to 2016 (P=0.036), and the advance is projected to continue as a function of future emissions scenario (approximately 12 days for scenario B1, and 17 days for A1B). Historical CT was weakly negatively correlated with temperature (-0.51, P

Download or read book The Effect of Changes in Land Use and Vegetative Cover on Streamflow from a Major Municipal Watershed written by Howard Ross Pywell and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sustainability in Natural Resources Management and Land Planning written by Walter Leal Filho and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-06 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes contributions from scientists and representatives from government and non-governmental organisations working in the field of land management and use and on management of fires. The book is truly interdisciplinary and has both a research and application-oriented dimension. The list of topics includes sustainability and water management; sustainability and biodiversity conservation; the future sustainability of nature-based industries such as agriculture, mining, tourism, fisheries and forestry; sustainability, people and livelihoods; sustainability and landscapes planning; sustainability and land use planning; handling and managing forest fires. The papers are innovative and cross-cutting, and many have practice-based experiences. Also, this book, prepared by the Inter-University Sustainable Development Research Programme (IUSDRP) and the World Sustainable Development Research and Transfer Centre (WSD-RTC), reiterates the need to promote a sustainable use of land resources today.

Download or read book Assessing the Impact of Land Use and Climate Change on Streamflow and Nutrient Delivery to the New River Estuary NC written by Shanna Williamson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater inflow influences numerous physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of estuaries. The influx of freshwater to an estuary typically serves as an important source of allochthonous material from which primary producers derive their energy and transfer this energy to higher trophic levels. Any changes to freshwater flow subsequently impacts nutrient delivery and indirectly impacts organisms across multiple trophic levels. Anthropogenic changes to coastal land use and climate both act to threaten the integrity of estuarine systems by influencing freshwater inflow and dissolved nutrient input. Watershed loading models such as the Regional Nutrient Management (ReNuMa) model offer the ability to estimate freshwater inputs and dissolved nutrient loads to estuaries under current and future conditions. This tracking is important because it allows scientists to better understand how watershed delivery is currently impacted by anthropogenic activities and natural environmental variability, which allows for a better understanding of how watershed delivery is likely to be affected by anthropogenic changes in land use and climate. This research aims to assess how changes in climate and coastal land cover will impact streamflow and loads of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) to the New River Estuary (NRE), NC. We applied the ReNuMa model to the NRE watershed to estimate streamflow, TDN, and TDP loads. We used in situ data to calibrate (2009-2011) and validate (2012-2014) modeled streamflow and dissolved nutrient loads within 10 subwatersheds located on Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune (MCBCL), which surrounds the estuary, and one subwatershed in the off-base portion of the NRE watershed. Following model calibration and validation, model parameters were scaled up from these subwatersheds to estimate loads from the entire NRE watershed. Model results confirm the ability of ReNuMa to capture seasonal variability in streamflow, TDN, and TDP for >50% of the subwatersheds. Under current conditions, most (71-98%) streamflow and dissolved nutrient loads are sourced from the off-base portion of the NRE watershed, while a smaller percentage of loads (2-29%) are sourced from MCBCL. Projected changes in climate revealed that changes in precipitation, even when compounded with changes in temperature, will have the greatest impact on resulting streamflow, TDN, and TDP. Streamflow and dissolved nutrient loads generally increased under anticipated climate projections through the year 2100 and such increases were further amplified under hypothetical increases in land use, especially agricultural land. Watershed delivery patterns for the NRE may therefore be substantially altered under projected changes in climate and land use. The potential impacts of changes in these loads on estuarine physical, chemical, and biological processes highlights the necessity for research assessing the impacts of land use and climate changes on watershed delivery.

Download or read book Impact of Global Climate Change on Extreme Streamflow written by Sabin Shrestha (Civil engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a widespread concern that climate change will lead to an increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events in the 21st century. It is essential, from a watershed management point of view to understand how these alterations in the hydrologic regime would affect the existing water resources. This research, therefore, provides an overview of the hydrologic impacts on the Great Miami River Watershed in Ohio, USA due to projected climatic changes on both low flows and high flows. An extensively used hydrological model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was to evaluate the hydrological impacts of climate change. The multi-site model calibration and validation were performed using the SUFI-2 algorithm within SWAT-CUP. The model was calibrated (2005 - 2014) and validated (1995 - 2004) for monthly stream flows at the outlet resulting in Nash - Sutcliffe Coefficients of 0.86 and 0.83, respectively. An ensemble of ten downscaled and bias-corrected climate models from Fifth Phase Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) under two Representative Concentration Pathways(RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 were used to generate a probable set of climate data (precipitation and temperature). The climate data were then fed into the SWAT model and hydrological changes in the stream in terms of daily discharge were produced for three time-frames: (2016 - 2043) as 2035s, (2044 - 2071) as 2055s, and (2072 - 99) as 2085s and compared against the baseline period (1988 - 2015). The findings from this research showed that low flows using both hydrological and biological indices would increase more than 100% in 2035s but eventually decrease slightly in the later part of the century (2085s). However, the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM-LR) used in this study predicted that the biological indices iv under RCP 8.5 would increase slightly at the beginning but decrease considerably in the middle and later part of the century. Analysis showed that the variability of the average 7-day low flows in each year would increase considerably for both emission scenarios. Furthermore, 75th percentile exceedance frequency of monthly low flows was found higher in September, October, and November during the study period. As for high flow analysis, the hydrological index for high flows (7Q10) from an ensemble of 10 climate models predicted to decrease consistently in future. When the results from the two RCPs are compared, high flows would decrease maximum by 22% in 2055s under RCP 8.5 and 21% in 2085s under RCP 4.5. However, the MIROC5 model in RCP 4.5 showed 1.2% increase in 7Q10 high flows during 2035s. The frequency of the 75th percentile non-exceedance flows was also projected to increase in the future. Under the RCP 4.5, the frequency becomes higher in 2055s whereas under the RCP 8.5 most frequent 75th percentile flow would occur in 2085s. Meanwhile, on a monthly scale, the peak would increase more on every month except January and December than that of historical records. The variability of peak discharge was also expected to increase in every other month in both scenarios. The peak would increase considerably especially in August, September, and October when compared to historical months, indicating relatively wetter months in the future years. Finally, this study has demonstrated the effects of changing climates projected by the climate models on extreme flow condition in the large agricultural watershed. The next step of the research will focus on further bias correction on simulated climate data and analysis for future.

Download or read book Climate Change and Land Use Cover Change Impacts on Watershed Hydrology Nutrient Dynamics a Case Study in Missisquoi River Watershed written by Linyuan Shang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Watershed regulation of water, carbon and nutrient dynamics support food, drinking water and human development. Projected climate changes and land use/cover change (LUCC) have been identified as drivers of watershed nutrient and hydrological processes and are likely to happen jointly in the future decades. Studying climate change and LUCC impacts on watersheds' streamflow and nutrients dynamics is therefore essential for future watershed management. This research aimed to unveil how climate change and LUCC affect water and nutrient dynamics in the Missisquoi River watershed, Vermont. We used 12 scenarios of future climate data (2021 - 2050) generated by three GCMs (ccsm4, mri-cgcm3, and gfdl-esm2m) under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). For LUCC, we used three different scenarios generated by the Interactive Land Use Transition Agent-Based Model (ILUTABM). The three LUCC scenarios were Business As Usual (BAU), Prefer Forest (proForest), and Prefer Agriculture (proAg). New land use maps were generated every 10 years for the period of 2021 - 2050. Combining each climate change and LUCC scenario resulted in 36 scenarios that were used to drive Regional Hydro-Ecologic Simulation System (RHESSys) ecohydrological model. In chapter 3, we used RHESSys to study streamflow. We found climate was the main driver for streamflow because climate change directly controlled the system water input. For streamflow, climate change scenarios had larger impacts than LUCC, different LUCCs under the same climate change scenario had similar annual flow patterns. In chapter 4, we used RHESSys to study streamflow NO3-N and NH4-N load. Because fertilizer application is the major source for nitrogen export, LUCC had larger impacts; watersheds with more agricultural land had larger nitrogen loads. In chapter 5, we developed RHESSys-P by coupling the DayCent phosphorus module with RHESSys to study climate change and LUCC impacts on Dissolved Phosphorus (DP) load. RHESSys-P was calibrated with observed DP data for 2002 - 2004 and validated with data for 2009 - 2010. In both calibration and validation periods, simulated DP basically captured patterns of observed DP. In the validation period, the R2 of simulated vs observed DP was 0.788. Future projection results indicated BAU and proForest annual loads were around 4.0 x 104 kg under all climate change scenarios; proAg annual loads increased from around 4.0 x 104 kg in 2021 to 1.6 x 105 kg in 2050 under all climate change scenarios. The results showed LUCC was the dominant factor for dissolved phosphorus loading. Overall, our results suggest that, while climate drives streamflow, N and P fluxes are largely driven by land use and management decisions. To balance human development and environmental quality, BAU is a feasible future development strategy.

Download or read book Historical Changes in Precipitation and Streamflow in the U S Great Lakes Basin 1915 2004 written by Glenn Hodgkins and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Simulation of Climate change Effects on Streamflow Lake Water Budgets and Stream Temperature Using GSFLOW and SNTEMP Trout Lake Watershed Wisconsin written by R. J. Hunt and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Integrated Watershed Management on Streamflow written by Brian R. Mrazik and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: