Download or read book Effects of Victim Race Defendant Race and Juror Prejudice on Perceptions and Decisions in Child Sexual Assault Cases written by Suzanne L. Davis and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Child Race Child Age and Defendant Race on Mock Jurors Decision for a Child Sexual Abuse Case written by Alissa Anderson Call and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the extant literature on mock jurors' perceptions of child sexual abuse victims, little attention has been paid to the potential impact of child race on legal judgments. The present research investigated the influence of child race (Black vs. White), defendant race (Black vs. White), and child age (12 years vs. 17 years) on mock jurors' legal judgments for a hypothetical teacher-student sexual abuse case. Child race did not solely impact mock jurors' legal judgments or perceptions of the mock CSA case, but did interact with other variables to influence case outcomes and mock jurors' perceptions. Child age directly affected legal judgments and interacted with additional extralegal factors as well as mock juror gender. No significant main effects of defendant race were observed in the present study, yet this extralegal factor interacted with child race and age to impact mock jurors' defendant guilt ratings. Mock juror gender differences as well as mock jurors' racial and authoritarian attitudes, beliefs in a just world, and endorsements of raciallybased sexual stereotypes were also examined in the present study. Mock juror gender differences were found for various legal judgments related to both the defendant and child complainant. Mock jurors' endorsements of the "Jezebel" stereotype was strongly related to legal judgments for the case while mock jurors' authoritarian attitudes, racial attitudes, and beliefs in a just world were minimally associated with their legal judgments. The study's findings may be used to educate legal professionals--as well as jurors--on the impact of extralegal factors and individual biases in child sexual abuse cases.
Download or read book Children as Victims Witnesses and Offenders written by Bette L. Bottoms and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2009-08-10 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grounded in the latest clinical and developmental knowledge, this book brings together leading authorities to examine the critical issues that arise when children and adolescents become involved in the justice system. Chapters explore young people’s capacities, competencies, and special vulnerabilities as victims, witnesses, and defendants. Key topics include the reliability of children’s abuse disclosures, eyewitness testimony, interviews, and confessions; the evolving role of the expert witness; the psychological impact of trauma and of legal involvement; factors that shape jurors’ perceptions of children; and what works in rehabilitating juvenile offenders. Policies and practices that are not supported by science are identified, and approaches to improving them are discussed.
Download or read book Big Kids Don t Cry but what Happens when They Do written by Alexia Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although a considerable amount of research has examined the perceived credibility of victims of child sexual abuse (CSA), very little has focused on the effects of children's emotional displays on perceptions of their credibility. The current study sought to address this gap, with three specific aims. First, the research examined the impact of children's emotional displays on jurors' judgments of witness credibility and case outcomes in CSA cases. Second, using expectation violation theory (EVT) as a framework, the research investigated whether children's age and gender interact with demeanor to influence jurors' decisions. Third, the research examined the influence of participant type, comparing the decisions of undergraduate students to those of actual jurors. A total of 603 jurors just released from jury duty and jury-eligible undergraduates read a short summary of a CSA case along with the child's accompanying testimony. The transcripts varied the child's age and gender. While reading the testimony, participants viewed pencil drawings depicting the child's emotional demeanor on the witness stand. The drawings varied the child's age, gender, and emotion (either calm or crying). Participants then rendered a verdict in the case, evaluated the guilt of the defendant, and rated the credibility of the child witness and the defendant. Initial results revealed that the child's displayed demeanor (i.e., the drawing) had no direct effect on participants' judgments. However, fine-grained analyses indicated that participants were influenced by their subjective interpretations of the child's demeanor. Consistent with EVT, participants who perceived the child witness as emotional provided more guilty verdicts, were more certain of the defendant's guilt, found the child more credible, and regarded the defendant as less credible. Also, both older and younger children were rated as more credible when perceived as emotional rather than unemotional, with this effect being stronger for older children. The child's gender had no influence on participants' judgments directly or in conjunction with the child's age or perceived emotional demeanor. Finally, undergraduates were more likely to find the defendant guilty and were more certain of the defendant's guilt than were jurors. Overall, findings have important implications for understanding the impact of children's emotional displays on jurors' decisions in CSA cases and for the need to educate jurors regarding the validity of their perceptions.
Download or read book How Juries Work written by Rebecca K. Helm and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-07-11 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of common law jurisdictions, and some civil law jurisdictions, use juries composed of citizens drawn from the general population to deliberate and reach collective verdicts in criminal cases. Juries are relied on to use their collective judgment to reach verdicts that accord with normative legal goals; for example, by being accurate and fair. How Juries Work suggests that, though important symbolically, the current jury system is not necessarily well-designed to meet the demands of modern society, which increasingly requires evidence-based procedure that is carefully designed to achieve normative goals. Rebecca K. Helm proposes new models of how jurors and juries function in practice, informed by psychological theory and empirical research, which provides a framework to interpret and integrate the large body of existing work on jury decision-making. Drawing on this framework, Helm highlights the deficiencies and strengths of the jury as a legal factfinder, providing key insights into how to minimise deficiencies and maximise strengths through trial procedure. The book concludes with a set of timely evidence-based suggestions as to how procedure surrounding trial by jury might be altered to enhance the administration of justice in the many jurisdictions where the criminal law jury is utilised. How Juries Work integrates legal and psychological theory and research to present a comprehensive assessment of the modern criminal law jury, and of how evidence-based research can improve jury performance.
Download or read book The Legacy of Racism for Children written by Margaret C. Stevenson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Legacy of Racism for Children: Psychology, Law, and Public Policy is the first volume to review the intersecting implications of psychology, public policy, and law with the goal of understanding and ending the challenges facing racial minority youth in America today. Proceeding roughly from causes to consequences - from early life experiences to adolescent and teen experiences - each chapter focuses on a different domain, explains the laws and policies that create or exacerbate racial disparity in that domain, reviews relevant psychological research and its implications for those laws or policies, and calls for next steps. Chapter authors examine how race and ethnicity intersect with child maltreatment (including child sex trafficking, corporal punishment, and memory for and disclosures of abuse), child dependency court decisions, custody and adoption, familial incarceration, the "school to prison pipeline," police/youth interactions, jurors' perceptions of child and adolescent victims and defendants, and U.S. immigration law and policy"--
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Legal Decision Making written by Monica K. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2024-02-28 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting state-of-the-art research, this Handbook summarises emerging and establishing topics in the area of legal decision-making. Interdisciplinary in its approach, it covers decisions made within the criminal justice system, the trial process, and clinical settings. Chapters, written by accomplished academics and experts in the field, synthesize historical context, identify gaps in existing literature, propose future directions of study, and discuss policy limitations. It also includes 'perspectives from the field' essays written by professionals - a judge, an attorney, a police officer, a trial consultant, and a probation officer - to bridge the gap between academic research and its application to the real world. It is intended as a go-to resource for students and researchers who want to immerse themselves in a body of scientific research to understand its history and shape its future.
Download or read book Race Culture Psychology and Law written by Kimberly Barrett and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2004-08-19 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In a diverse democracy, law must be open to all. All too often, however, our system of justice has failed to live up to our shared ideals, because it excludes individuals and communities even as they seek to use it or find themselves caught up in it. The research presented here offers hope. The abstract doctrines of the law are presented through real cases. Judges, lawyers, scholars, and concerned citizens will find much in these pages documenting the need for reform, along with the means for achieving our aspirations. The issues presented by race, ethnicity, and cultural differences are obviously central to the resolution of disputes in a nation made up of people who have in common only their faith in the great experiment of the United States Constitution. Here the challenges are met in an original, accessible, and thoughtful manner." -Frank H. Wu, Howard University, and author of Yellow: Race in America Beyond Black and White "Kim Barrett and William George have taken on an enormous task, which is matched only by its timeliness. Cultural competence and cultural diversity pass off our lips as eternally valued ideals, but Barrett and George have brought a critical and edifying eye to thee ideas. Racism is similarly easy to acknowledge but difficult to account for in the everyday lives of ordinary people of color. What we discover in this impressive volume is not only that race and culture matter, but how they matter in the minds of people who are clients and the minds of people who attempt to serve them and in the courts of law that attempt to mete out justice. Race, Culture Psychology and the Law is essential reading for anyone with a professional or personal interest in social justice and psychological well-being." -James M. Jones, Ph.D., Director, Minority Fellowship Program, American Psychological Association "This is an extraordinary and daring compilation of cutting edge commentaries that should prove invaluable to students, scholars, and practitioners working in social work, clinical and forensic psychology, juvenile justice, immigration adjustment, Native American advocacy, and child and adult abuse. It is a quality text that tackles key topics bridged by psychology and the law with clarity, succinctness, complexity, and evenhandedness." -William E. Cross, Jr., Ph.D., Graduate Center, City University of New York American ethnic and racial minority groups, immigrants, and refugees to this country are disparately impacted by the justice system of the United States. Issues such as racial profiling, disproportionate incarceration, deportation, and capital punishment all exemplify situations in which the legal system must attend to matters of race and culture in a competent and humane fashion. Race, Culture, Psychology, and Law is the only book to provide summaries and analyses of culturally competent psychological and social services encountered within the U.S. legal arena. The book is broad in scope and covers the knowledge and practice crucial in providing comprehensive services to ethnic, racial, and cultural minorities. Topics include the importance of race relations, psychological testing and evaluation, racial "profiling," disparities in death penalty conviction, immigration and domestic violence, asylum seekers, deportations and civil rights, juvenile justice, cross-cultural lawyering, and cultural competency in the administration of justice. Race, Culture, Psychology, and Law offers a compendium of knowledge, historical background, case examples, guidelines, and practice standards pertinent to professionals in the fields of psychology and law to help them recognize the importance of racial and cultural contexts of their clients. Editors Kimberly Holt Barrett and William H. George have drawn together contributing authors from a variety of academic disciplines including law, psychology, sociology, social work, and family studies. These contributors illustrate the delivery of psychological, legal, and social services to individuals and families-from racial minority, ethnic minority, immigrant, and refugee groups-who are involved in legal proceedings. Race, Culture, Psychology, and Law is a unique and timely text for undergraduate and graduate students studying psychology and law. The book is also a vital resource for a variety of professionals such as clinical psychologists, forensic psychologists, psychiatrists, counselors, social workers, and attorneys dealing with new immigrants and people from various ethnic communities.
Download or read book How Age and Race of Defendant and Victim Influence Mock Jurors Perceptions in a Child Sexual Molestation Case written by Guadalupe Escamilla and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Victim Impact Statements and Perceived Victim Race ethnicity written by Colleen E. Sheppard and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Victim impact statements were introduced as a means to help victims heal through their participation in the adjudication process. Although victims do seem to benefit from the composition of these statements, when they are introduced at trial, defendants may not receive fair and impartial hearings. Impact statements may bring bias into sentencing decisions, as they may make jurors more aware of victim suffering and thus more likely to sentence the defendant more severely. The present study examined whether mock jurors sentence defendants more harshly if they have read a victim impact statement, and whether the severity of the sentence is dependent upon the victim's race or ethnicity. These questions were examined with undergraduate students at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. The study finds that victim impact statements do not directly relate to the severity of a defendant's sentence, and also that participants who did not read impact statements were as likely as those who did to mention victim harm as a justification for their sentencing decision. Similarly, the victim's race or ethnicity did not seem to matter as it did not affect the suggested sentences for the defendant. Some participants did, however, infer extra-legal characteristics from the victim statements, and others made racist remarks. Further, the participants' background and knowledge of criminal justice was evident in their sentencing, particularly through a focus on restorative justice, signifying the importance of exercising caution when selecting jurors.
Download or read book Memory and Sexual Misconduct written by Joanna Pozzulo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory and Sexual Misconduct: Psychological Research for Criminal Justice investigates the veracity of memories of sexual misconduct and the factors that may influence accurate recall, and fundamentally assesses whether psychological science can help the criminal justice system in determining which accusations are likely to be accurate, and which are not. In recent years, the public has been inundated with announcements of sexual assault allegations, in particular against public figures like politicians, businessmen, movie moguls, and professional athletes. Many of these accusations concern events that occurred several years prior to their announcements and trials. Drawing upon a compilation of real-life sexual assault cases and psychological science on recall and sexual trauma, this book provides an analysis of memory reports of sexual misconduct, including inappropriate comments, behaviors, harassment, and assault. It compares these memories with other types of memory, such as flashbulb memories, co-witness conformity memory, and autobiographical memory. Memory and Sexual Misconduct helps readers interpret the role of emotion, the level of detail, and the possible distinction between someone remembering a past event and believing the past event occurred. By providing a thorough evaluation of the likelihood that misconduct memories are accurate and investigating factors that affect this accuracy, Memory and Sexual Misconduct is an invaluable text to both the criminal justice system and the general public, particularly as sexual misconduct allegations of past events continue to come to light.
Download or read book Racial Prejudice Juror Empathy and Sentencing in Death Penalty Cases written by Bryan C. Edelman and published by LFB Scholarly Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Race and the Jury written by Hiroshi Fukurai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this timely volume, the authors provide a penetrating analysis of the institutional mechanisms perpetuating the related problems of minorities' disenfranchisement and their underrepresentation on juries.
Download or read book Handbook of Psychology Forensic Psychology written by Irving B. Weiner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-16 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychology is of interest to academics from many fields, as well as to the thousands of academic and clinical psychologists and general public who can't help but be interested in learning more about why humans think and behave as they do. This award-winning twelve-volume reference covers every aspect of the ever-fascinating discipline of psychology and represents the most current knowledge in the field. This ten-year revision now covers discoveries based in neuroscience, clinical psychology's new interest in evidence-based practice and mindfulness, and new findings in social, developmental, and forensic psychology.
Download or read book The Effects of Defendant Race Psychological Expert Witness Race and Racially Salient Psychological Expert Testimony on Juror Decision Making written by Lily Cheyanne (Manick) Munavu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study examined the effects of defendant race, psychological expert witness race, the racial salience of a psychological expert witness's testimony, and modern racism on juror decisions. Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions that varied the race of the defendant (Black or White), the race of the psychological expert witness (Black or White), and the racial salience of the expert witness testimony (racially relevant or not racially relevant). Participants were asked to review the case documents of a criminal case in which the defendant was charged with battery and robbery. Participants rendered verdicts for both charges, as well as rated their perceptions of the defendant, eyewitnesses, and psychological expert witness. In addition, participants completed the Modern Racism Scale (MRS) (McConahay, 1986). The following hypotheses were investigated: (1) whether modern racism scale scores, defendant race, and psychological expert race are predictors of verdict; (2) whether modern racism scale scores, defendant race, and psychological expert testimony type are predictors of verdict; (3) whether participants would give the highest ratings of the psychological expert witness when he is White and provides a non-racially relevant testimony; (4) whether participants would give the highest ratings of the defendant when he is White and a non-racially relevant defense is made on his behalf. While none of the original hypotheses were supported, post-hoc analyses revealed several significant findings. Logistic regression results revealed that the overall model of three predictors (modern racism scores, participant race, and participant gender) are statistically reliable in predicting verdict. Specifically, as the MRS total score increases, so does the probability of a guilty verdict. In addition, female participants are less likely to render a not guilty verdict (more likely to render a guilty verdict) than male participants. The results also revealed that participants were more likely to rate the expert witness's testimony as unimpressive when he provided a racially relevant testimony than when he gave a non-racially relevant testimony. Furthermore, when participants had higher MRS scores, they were more likely to rate the expert witness as being poorly educationally qualified and having an unprofessional manner on the witness stand.
Download or read book Child Sexual Assault Trials written by Judy Cashmore and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Factors Influencing Juror Sentencing Decisions Race Social Economic Status Attorney Credibility and the Relevance of Stereotype Attribution Theory written by Nichole Force and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2008-06-15 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 148 undergraduate students acted as mock jurors in a study that manipulated the following variables to assess their influence on Subjects determination of guilt and sentencing severity of a criminal defendant: race of defendant, social economic status (SES) of defendant, race of victim, and credibility of defense attorney. A chi square analysis of the relationship between the four independent variables and verdict found defendant SES and attorney quality/credibility to be significant. A 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 anova for sentence length found a main effect of attorney quality and a significant interaction between defendant race and SES. A factorial anova on the projected likelihood of the defendant to commit a criminal act in the future found main effects for defendant SES and attorney quality. Factor analysis of a ten-item semantic differential questionnaire found that subjects rated defendants of high SES as having significantly more integrity than defendants of low SES. Support for stereotype attribution theory, which asserts that much racial stereotyping derives from an inference of social class, was found.
