Download or read book Effects of Trace Mineral Supplementation on Digestibility of Various Beef Cattle Rations written by Duane Palmer Schneider and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Trace Mineral Supplementation in Lactating Dairy Cattle written by Mathew J. Faulkner and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments were designed to study the effects of Cu, Zn, and Mn supplementation on production, gene expression of trace mineral transporters expressed in the milk fat globular membrane (MFGM), milk fatty acid (FA) profiles, digestibility, and fecal bacteria relative abundance in lactating dairy cattle. In experiment 1, 30 Holstein cows were fed diets devoid of supplemental Cu, Zn, and Mn (basal diet provided 8, 41, and 41mg/kg, respectively) for 30 d and were then split into three treatment groups: one group remained on the unsupplemented diet; the second and third groups were fed a diet supplemented with Cu, Zn and Mn from sulfates (assayed total dietary concentrations = 17, 60, and 55mg/kg, respectively) or glycinates (assayed total dietary concentrations = 20, 66, and 58mg/kg, respectively) for 30 d. Milk yield (averaged 29.2 kg/d), DMI (averaged 3.55% of BW or 22.5 kg/d) as a percent of BW, and milk components were not affected by treatment. Feeding supplemental minerals decreased iso-15:0, anteiso-15:0, iso-17:0, and 16:1+anteiso-17:0 branched-chain fatty acids (FA) and tended to increase trans-10 18:1 as percentages of total FA in milk fat. Trans-10 18:1 was greater (0.76 vs 0.50%) for cows fed sulfate minerals compared to glycinate sources. Gene expression (via qPCR) of metallothionein (1.51 vs 0.77 2(-delta Ct)) in MFGM were greater for multiparous cows than primiparous. Expression of a zinc transporter, ZIP8, was greater (3.37 vs 2.06 and 2.65 2(-delta Ct)) for cows not fed supplemental minerals compared to cows fed sulfate and glycinate sources, respectively. In experiment 2, Eighteen multiparous cows were used in a split-plot replicated Latin square with two 28 d periods to evaluate the effects of Cu, Zn, and Mn source (sulfates or hydroxy; Micronutrients Inc., Indianapolis, IN) and dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) source (forage-based control diet = 26% NDF vs byproduct = 36%) on total-tract nutrient digestibility, mineral balance, and gene expression of trace mineral transporters in the MFGM. During the entire experiment (56 d) cows remained on the same fiber treatment but source of supplemental trace mineral was different for each 28 d period so all cows were exposed to both mineral treatments. During each of the two 28 d periods cows were fed no supplemental Cu, Zn, or Mn for 16 d followed by 12 d of feeding supplemental Cu, Zn, and Mn from either sulfates or hydroxy sources. Basal Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations for the control diet were 9, 30, and 38mg/kg, respectively; while basal concentrations were 11, 50, and 47mg/kg, respectively for the byproduct diet. Supplemental concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Mn fed were approximately 9, 30, and 30mg/kg, respectively. Treatment had no effect on DMI (averaged 24.2 kg/d) or milk production (34.9 kg/g). No mineral source x fiber interactions were observed for production measures or macronutrient digestibility; however apparent Cu balance and Cu retention was increased for cows fed the control diet with hydroxy minerals compared to the control diet with sulfate minerals (+11 vs -3 mg/d), but retention of Cu was decreased for the byproduct diet when cows were fed hydroxy minerals compared to sulfates (-5 vs +29 mg/d). Cows fed the byproduct diet had decreased DM digestibility (65.9 vs 70.2%), OM digestibility (67.4 vs 71.7%), CP digestibility (58.8 vs 62.1%) and starch intake (4.3 vs 8.8kg), and increased starch digestibility (97.5 vs 96.3%), NDF intake (8.6 vs 6.0kg) and NDF digestibility (50.5 vs 44.4%) compared with cows fed the control treatment. The control diet had increased TDN concentration (70.2 vs 65.3%) compared to the byproduct diet. Measured NDF digestibility and TDN treatment effects were consistent regardless of the method used to determine NDF. Multiple (>12) milk FA concentrations were affected by fiber source and mineral source. In experiment 3, 24 cows were fed diets devoid of supplemental Cu, Zn, and Mn for a 16 d preliminary phase (basal diet provided 9, 29, and 32mg/kg of Cu, Zn, and Mn, respectively), and then were randomly assigned to one of three treatment diets (n=8 cows/treatment): supplemental Cu, Zn, and Mn from sulfate mineral; or glycinate minerals; or Cu and Mn sulfate with glycinate Zn. Assayed total dietary concentrations were approximately 21, 73, and 72 mg/kg for Cu, Zn, and Mn, respectively. Body weight, milk production (averaged 38.8 kg/d), DMI (averaged 25.8 kg/d), and analyzed milk components were not affected by treatment. Fecal DNA was extracted, amplified using the 16S rRNA gene to quantify total bacteria, and microbial populations were sequenced to compare populations between treatments. Relative abundance of phyla Spirochaetes, family Spirochaetaceae, genus Treponema, and uncultured or other treponema species were less abundant for cows fed Cu and Mn sulfate with glycinate Zn compared to those fed sulfates, but were similar to cows fed glycinate mineral sources, and responses for cows fed either exclusive glycinate mineral or sulfate mineral treatments were similar.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1944, the National Research Council (NRC) has published seven editions of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. This reference has guided nutritionists and other professionals in academia and the cattle and feed industries in developing and implementing nutritional and feeding programs for beef cattle. The cattle industry has undergone considerable changes since the seventh revised edition was published in 2000 and some of the requirements and recommendations set forth at that time are no longer relevant or appropriate. The eighth revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle builds on the previous editions. A great deal of new research has been published during the past 14 years and there is a large amount of new information for many nutrients. In addition to a thorough and current evaluation of the literature on the energy and nutrient requirements of beef in all stages of life, this volume includes new information about phosphorus and sulfur contents; a review of nutritional and feeding strategies to minimize nutrient losses in manure and reduce greenhouse gas production; a discussion of the effect of feeding on the nutritional quality and food safety of beef; new information about nutrient metabolism and utilization; new information on feed additives that alter rumen metabolism and postabsorptive metabolism; and future areas of needed research. The tables of feed ingredient composition are significantly updated. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle represents a comprehensive review of the most recent information available on beef cattle nutrition and ingredient composition that will allow efficient, profitable, and environmentally conscious beef production.
Download or read book Trace Mineral Interaction on Reproductive Performance of Beef Cattle Under Range Conditions in Edwards and McCulloch Counties Texas written by John Conan Doyle and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Mineral Supplementation on Reproductive Efficiency of Beef Cows written by Felipe Guirado Dantas and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reproductive efficiency is the major component for an economically efficient cow/calf operation and can be influenced by a number of factors such as breed, age, health and nutrition. Among the components of the diet, trace minerals are hypothesized to have a major impact reproductive efficiency in beef cattle. In order to test this specific hypothesis, a study directly evaluating the success of reproductive performance in cows fed complexed trace minerals versus inorganic trace mineral was designed. In this study, 68 cows where equally divided into treatment (cows fed with complexed trace minerals) and control (cows fed with inorganic trace minerals) groups. The cows started being fed 30 days prior to AI (d -30). Twenty-eight days after AI (d 28), all cows where diagnosed for pregnancy and non-pregnant cows where removed from the experiment. Twenty-four days after pregnancy diagnosis (d 52), pregnant cows where submitted to ovum pick-up (OPU) and a second OPU was performed on d 67. Although pregnancy rates did not differ (P = 0.33) between treatment and control, cows fed with complexed trace minerals had increased oocyte recovery (P = 0.03), in vitro embryo production (P = 0.06) and more efficient in vitro embryo production (P = 0.06). In summary, the results from this experiment demonstrated that supplementation of beef cows with a complexed source of trace minerals improves reproductive efficiency when compared to cows fed inorganic source of trace minerals.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle written by Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-16 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As members of the public becomes more concious of the food they consume and its content, higher standards are expected in the preparation of such food. The updated seventh edition of Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle explores the impact of cattle's biological, production, and environmental diversities, as well as variations on nutrient utilization and requirements. More enhanced than previous editions, this edition expands on the descriptions of cattle and their nutritional requirements taking management and environmental conditions into consideration. The book clearly communicates the current state of beef cattle nutrient requirements and animal variation by visually presenting related data via computer-generated models. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle expounds on the effects of beef cattle body condition on the state of compensatory growth, takes an in-depth look at the variations in cattle type, and documents the important effects of the environment and stress on food intake. This volume also uses new data on the development of a fetus during pregnancy to prescribe nutrient requirements of gestating cattle more precisely. By focusing on factors such as product quality and environmental awareness, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle presents standards and advisements for acceptable nutrients in a complete and conventional manner that promotes a more practical understanding and application.
Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Download or read book Trace Mineral Supplementation for Kentucky Beef Cows written by John Johns and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "According to the 1996 Beef Cattle NRC, there are at least 17 minerals considered essential for beef cattle (Table 1). Cattle failing to receive some minimum level of these minerals in the diet may exhibit problems of health, productivity, or reproduction"-- Page 1.
Download or read book Nutrition in Southeastern Beef Cattle Production written by Morgan Laine Bass and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments were conducted to improve nutrition in southeast beef cattle production systems. Experiment 1 examined the nutritive value and digestibility of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) conserved as silage. Lignin, NDF, and ADF increased with increasing maturity (P 0.0001), while CP and RFQ decreased (P
Download or read book Vitamins and Trace Minerals in Ruminants An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice E Book written by William S Swecker and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2023-10-13 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, guest editors Drs. Robert J. Van Saun and William S. Swecker, Jr. bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Vitamins and Trace Minerals in Ruminants. Optimal nutrition with adequate trace mineral levels guarantees proper function and nutrition of the animal, but purity and effectiveness are important concerns. In this issue, top experts in the field review trace mineral function, requirements, and content of common feeds, as well as specific diet challenges for ruminants and cattle. Contains 13 relevant, practice-oriented topics including evaluation of mineral sources; confinement dairy; vitamin supplementation; common toxicosis; maternal-fetal transfer of trace minerals and fetal programming; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on vitamins and trace minerals in ruminants, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-02-09 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
Download or read book The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock written by Eric John Underwood and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an up to date reference work covering all aspects of macro and trace element nutrition in farm livestock. Sufficient information is given on metabolism, functions and interactions to explain why needs, feeds and imbalances are not always easy to define or anticipate. The major emphasis is on the mineral nutrition of ruminant livestock since they are most likely to be affected by imbalances but where pigs and poultry are the more vulnerable, extensive coverage of the non-ruminant is given. This new edition of a highly successful text has been thoroughly revised and significantly expanded. Many chapters have been extensively updated and several chapters on new topics introduced. * Calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium are now treated separately * Over 40 new figures are presented, and extensive use made oftables to summarise important data * Chapters on trace elements have been drastically revised * Claims for enhanced availability for new chelated sources arecritically reviewed * Completely new chapters focus on: The unique need of the ruminant for elemental sulphur Occasionally beneficial elements and essentially toxic elements The improved conduct and interpretation of supplementation trials
Download or read book Bioavailability of Nutrients for Animals written by Clarence B. Ammerman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-07-19 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical book provides crucial information necessary to formulate diets with appropriate amounts of amino acids, minerals, and vitamins. The factors that influence how well animals obtain these critical nutrients and methods for determining bioavailability are reviewed in this comprehensive text. In addition, data from both ruminants and nonruminants are included as well as established estimates of bioavailability for particular feed stuffs and feed supplements.
Download or read book Effects of Protein and Energy Supplements on Digestibility of Low Quality Roughages by Beef Cattle written by Maurice Lee Ray and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in Warm Climates written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the PrefaceThe objective of this book is to review the basic knowledge and methodology of feeding grazing ruminants in tropical and semitropical countries. It is hoped this information will be of use to farmers, research specialists, teachers, students, extension specialists, feed manufacturers, and others throughout the world concerned with the nutrition of grazing ruminants. A unique feature is the identification of nutritional limitations of grazing ruminants in the tropics, which will be beneficial for increasing animal production efficiency through the application of improved nutrition. A large number of photographs illustrate nutritional deficiencies and conditions in tropical countries.This book contains 18 chapters concerned with the nutrition of grazing ruminants. The first chapter deals with the contributions, locations, and various types of ruminants and their importance to human welfare in the tropics and subtropics. Chapters 2 - 4 progress through nutrient requirements of grazing ruminants in warm climates, the effects of tropical heat on these requirements, and water requirements for ruminant species. Chapters 5 - 7 discuss grass and legume forage species suitable for tropical regions, pasture management procedures, and energy-protein supplementation programs needed during the extensive dry periods. The importance of tropical forages and soils toward meeting mineral requirements is discussed in Chapter 8. Chapters 9 -14 contain concise, up-to-date summaries of minerals emphasizing mineral status, incidence of mineral deficiencies and excesses in tropical regions, and benefits and methods of mineral supplementation for grazing ruminants are discussed in Chapters 15 - 17. Chapter 18 reviews vitamin nutrition considerations for ruminants consuming tropical forages.
Download or read book Effect of Supplemental Trace Mineral zinc Copper and Manganese Source on Growth Performance Morbidity and Trace Mineral Status in Beef Cattle written by Anthony W. Ryan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of studies were conducted to determine the effect of supplemental trace mineral source on growth performance, morbidity, and trace mineral status in growing beef cattle. The first experiment evaluated supplemental trace minerals from sulfate, organic, or hydroxy sources on growth performance and morbidity. Crossbreed beef calves were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments consisting of supplemental zinc (360 mg/d), copper (125 mg/d), and manganese (200 mg/d) from inorganic, organic, or hydroxy sources fed daily over a 42 to 45-d backgrounding phase. After removal of chronic and dead calves from the data set, trace mineral source had no effect on final or intermediate weights (P > 0.55) or average daily gain (P = 0.51). For all calves, dietary treatments had no effect on any morbidity measurements (P ≥ 0.53). Overall, trace mineral source had no effect on total weight gain, average daily gain, or morbidity during the receiving phase in shipping stressed cattle. A second experiment was conducted to study the effect of trace mineral source on trace mineral status, superoxide dismutase activity, and performance in beef heifers fed diets high in sulfur. Crossbreed heifers were stratified into 3 treatments consisting of 1) no supplemental trace minerals; 2) supplemental copper (55 mg/d), zinc (165 mg/d), and manganese (110 mg/d) from sulfate sources; or 3) supplemental zinc, copper, and manganese at isolevels to treatment 2 from hydroxy sources fed daily over a 55-d trial. Final and intermediate weights (P = 0.73), average daily gain (P = 0.70), and plasma copper and zinc concentrations (P ≥ 0.37) were not affected by treatment. Liver copper concentrations on d 55 were greater for the sulfate treatment (P > 0.004) compared to control and hydroxy treatments, however, liver zinc concentrations were not affected (P > 0.29). Treatment had no effect on ( P ≥ 0.36) on total- or manganese-superoxide dismutase activity, however, a day effect (P ≥ 0.002) was observed. Overall, trace mineral source had no effect on growth performance, plasma mineral concentration, liver zinc concentrations, or superoxide dismutase activity. However, liver copper concentrations on d 55 were affected by trace mineral source.
Download or read book Mineral Levels in Animal Health written by Robert Puls and published by Clearbrook, B.C. : Sherpa International. This book was released on 1988 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
