Download or read book Effects of Tillage System Grazing and Seeding Date on Grain Yield of Hard Red Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum and Effect of Production Objective and Tillage System on Forage Production written by Deena Leigh Morley and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Tillage Systems and Seeding Dates on Grain Yields of Wheat Triticum Aestivum Vill Host on the Anatolian Plateau of Turkey written by Thomas G. Zinn and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the major food crop produced on the Anatolian Plateau of Turkey where due to limited rainfall the farmers follow the traditional system of fallow farming. They are presently producing an average of 1.15 tons of grain per hectare during the crop year. This rate of production does not meet the needs of the country and during the last 15-20 years Turkey has frequently had to import wheat. The present fallow system permits extensive livestock grazing during the late fall and winter months in the noncrop year. Spring tillage practices are delayed to permit weed growth for additional foraging by livestock during the early and late spring period. This delayed spring tillage, using wooden or steel plows, leaves the soil loose and subject to rapid drying. Little plant residue is left on the surface to protect the soil and maintain water infiltration rates. The farmer also must cultivate several times before planting in order to prepare a satisfactory seedbed. Under these conditions Turkish farmers have learned that seed planted early in the fall in dry, warm soil may be germinated by light rain, subsequently dry out and then die. Thus, they have over time adopted the practice of delaying planting until late fall when temperatures are cooler and frequent rains more certain. Under these conditions the crop is largely dependent upon late spring and early summer rains for satisfactory grain production. Climate in dryland regions of Oregon and Washington are similar to those in the Anatolian Plateau. Previous research conducted on the Anatolian Plateau indicated that modified technology from Oregon and Washington could be adopted to Turkish conditions resulting in substantial increases in grain yield. The objective of this study was to compare three fallow-tillage systems for moisture conservation and early vs. late seeding dates on subsequent grain yield of wheat. The tillage treatments were (1) a fall chisel operation followed by a spring chisel tillage, (2) chiselling twice in the spring in perpendicular directions, and (3) moldboard plowing in the spring. All three systems received subsequent tillages with a sweep-harrow combination as required to maintain a weedfree fallow and uniform seedbed. The amount of moisture conserved was not affected by the three tillage systems employed and grain yield was not different due to tillage method. All of the systems conserved sufficient water to allow early seeding into residual moisture with a deep furrow drill. A 94 per cent stand emerged within 15 days. At a later sowing date wheat was seeded into dry soil using a double disc drill. Emergence was delayed due to late rains. After 56 days an 89 per cent stand had emerged. In this experiment a 36 per cent grain yield increase resulted from early seeding; 3.79 tons per hectare compared to 2.79 tons per hectare from the late seeded plots, a highly significant difference. The 3.79 tons per hectare is 2.64 tons per hectare more than the average yield from local farms, where a traditional fallow system is followed. The major components contributing to the yield increases from early seeding were (1) more plants and heads per unit area, (2) more kernels per head and to a lesser degree (3) kernel weight. This study suggests that if Turkish farmers adopt improved summer fallow systems, wheat yields can be increased significantly; thus, reducing or perhaps eliminating the need for importing wheat. However, the loss of grazing land under a clean fallow system for livestock will need to be evaluated in terms of the total economic and social conditions to determine if the increased wheat yields warrant the change in farming practices. It is anticipated that the loss of forage during the fallow period would be offset by the increase of stubble and cereal aftermath as a result of grain yield increase during the cropping sequence.
Download or read book Journal of Production Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Production-oriented information for professional agriculturists.
Download or read book Managing Cover Crops Profitably 3rd Ed written by Andy Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agronomy Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes abstracts of the annual meetings of the American Society of Agronomy; Soil Science Society of America; Crop Science Society of America ( - of its Agronomic Education Division).
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1992-04 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Agricultural Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 2408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates Influenced Wheat and Sorghum Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Long term Dryland Wheat sorghum Rotation System written by Mosaed Abdullah Majrashi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major challenge for agronomists is developing cropping systems that exhibit superior performance across variable environmental conditions. Long-term field research trials provide a direct measure of the effect of environmental conditions within the context of treatment effects. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown base crop in dryland systems of the semiarid central Great Plains, but grain yields are limited by nitrogen (N) and soil water availability. The goal of this research was to assess long-term cropping systems of winter wheat-grain sorghum-fallow in dryland. The focus was to determine the effect of three tillage practices and rates of N fertilization rates effects on the efficiency of the management system and grain yields for 2015-2018, and evaluate the yield stability for both crops in a 53-year-old crop rotation and fertility experiment. In the first study we evaluated the long-term effects of three different tillage practices and four N fertilizer rates on grain yield, protein content, and N use efficiency indices of winter wheat and grain sorghum in 2015-2018. The experiment was conducted on a long-term plot initiated in 1965 in Hays, KS as a split-split-plot arrangement of rotation, tillage, and N fertilizer treatments with four replications in a randomized complete block design. The main plots were the crop phase (winter wheat, grain sorghum, or fallow), sub-plots were three tillage treatments [conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no-tillage (NT)]. The sub-sub-plots were four N rates (0, 22, 45, and 67 kg N ha−1) later modified in the 2015 growing season to 0, 45, 90, and 134 kg ha−1. Results showed tillage × N rate interaction had no significant (P = 0.608) effect on grain yield. Year × tillage and year × N rate had significant (P
Download or read book Influence of Preceeding Crop and Crop Residue on Stand and Yield of Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L in Different Tillage Systems Including Zero Tillage written by Stina Olofsson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluating Seeding Rate and Cultivar Impact on Grain Yield and End use Quality and Finding Replacement Methods to Assess Spring Stands of Soft Red Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L in Ohio written by Allen W. Goodwin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Differences between area of land planted to wheat and area harvested indicate that poor wheat stands are being destroyed in the spring to plant more profitable crops. Current recommendations to evaluate spring stands are stem counts at Feekes growth stage (GS) 5, a practice that is not implemented by producers due to time and labor involved. Two promising replacement measurements are the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and fractional green canopy cover (FGCC). An experiment was conducted consisting of four site-years at two on-farm locations in Pickaway and Crawford Counties during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 growing seasons. The design was a randomized complete block design with five seeding rates as the treatment. The objectives were to determine if FGCC was correlated to tiller counts, and to quantify the difference in yield prediction accuracy of tiller counts, NDVI, and FGCC (30.5 cm section of row called “1-row” and 3-row area) at Feekes GS 5 and 6, and head counts at Feekes GS 10.5. Linear regression models fit for stem counts at Feekes GS 5 and 6 vs. FGCC for 1-row at Feekes 5 and 6, respectively, were significant and were able to estimate stem density. The best estimators of yield were NDVI and 3-row FGCC measurements taken at Feekes GS 5, and can be used to estimate the proportion of yield that will result from a spring stand. Producers may adopt the stem estimation methods when making a decision about wheat stands in the spring and consider using NDVI and FGCC for yield estimation.
Download or read book Impact of Planting Date and Seeding Rate on Grain and Forage Yields of Wheat in Texas written by Oliver Jacob Shaffer and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat serves three very important roles to producers in Texas and many states in the Great Plains. First, wheat is used as a cool season forage crop for livestock grazing. Second, wheat serves as a grain only crop. Third, wheat is used as both a forage and grain crop in the same season and is commonly referred to as a dual-use or dual-purpose crop. Previous research has demonstrated that planting date can significantly affect the success of these various production strategies. When wheat is planted early, more forage will be available for livestock; conversely, a delayed planting date should achieve a higher grain yield. The objective of this research was to determine the optimum seeding rate as planting date changes for wheat as a grain-only and dual-purpose crop in central Texas. Six different planting dates were evaluated starting with a target date of September 1st and having 14 d intervals between each planting date. Seeding rates were 34, 67, 101, and 135 kg ha-1 for Agri-Pro Cutter wheat variety. Results from the three year study showed that planting date had the greatest impact on forage and grain yields. Higher seeding rates maximized grain yields at the later planting dates, while lower seeding rates yielded higher for the earlier dates. Forage yields were maximized when planted prior to October 1st, while grain yields were maximized at the mid-October to early-November dates. This research study demonstrated that producers could lower their seeding rates to between 34 and 67 kg ha-1 without sacrificing grain and season-long forage yields.
Download or read book Long term Effects of Tillage Nitrogen and Rainfall on Winter Wheat Yields written by Kelli Marie Camara and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winter wheat is commonly grown in dryland cropping systems in the Pacific Northwest region of semi-arid eastern Oregon. For agronomic, economic, and environmental reasons, it is important to understand the long-term sustainability of such dryland systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of tillage, nitrogen (N), soil depth, and the influence of precipitation on wheat yields in dry land cropping systems of eastern Oregon. Data were taken from the Tillage/Fertility or "Balenger" experiment, which was established in 1940 by a Soil Conservation employee, and is one of the oldest replicated research experiments in the western United States. The experiment consisted of a winter wheat-summer fallow rotation arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The main plot consisted of three primary tillage treatments (moldboard plow, offset disk, and subsurface sweep) and subplots consisted of six nitrogen treatments that changed over time and most recently ranged from 0 to 180 kg ha−1. Soil depth of individual plots ranged from 1.2- to 3.0-m. The study was divided into four main time periods (1940-1951, 1952-1961, 1962-1987, and 1988-1997) within which experimental treatments were consistently maintained. The moldboard plow tillage treatment significantly increased yields by more than 300 kg ha−1 over the subsurface sweep tillage treatment in all four time periods. Yields with the moldboard plow system were significantly higher than with the offset disk system in time periods 3 and 4. The same trend was evident for mean yield in time periods 1 and 2, but differences were not statistically significant. In time periods 1, 2, and 3, mean yields were higher with the offset disk tillage treatment than the subsurface sweep tillage system, although the differences were not statistically significant. In time period 4, mean yield was higher for the subsurface sweep system than the offset disk treatment, but differences were not statistically significantly. The optimum amount of N for winter wheat differed from year to year, within, and between experiment periods. This was apparently in response to rainfall patterns and improved management factors, specifically more N responsive semi-dwarf varieties. For time period 1, the maximum fertilizer rate was 11.2 kg N ha−1, which tended to produce higher mean grain yields than an application rate of than 0 kg N ha−1, regardless of the quantity or distribution of precipitation. For time period 2, the maximum fertilizer rate was 33.7 kg N ha−1, which produced significantly higher grain yields than an application rate of than 0 kg N ha−1, regardless of the quantity or distribution of precipitation. For time period 3 (1962-1987), which had below-normal annual and growing season precipitation, yield increased with the addition of 45 kg N ha−1. For time period 4 (1988- 1997), which had above-normal annual and growing season precipitation, yield increased with the addition of 90 kg N ha−1. Yield increases at greater rates of N were insignificant. For time periods 3 and 4, maximum mean yield was obtained at an application rate of 135 kg N ha−1. The response of wheat yield to N during dry years was greater for deep (> 2.8 m) soils than for shallow soils. In addition to amount, rainfall distribution during the winter (October to March) and growing (April to June) season significantly affected yield. Results demonstrate the importance of rainfall and nitrogen to winter wheat production in eastern Oregon, and that the most environmentally sound tillage systems are not necessarily the most profitable from farmers' point of view.
Download or read book Effect of Tillage Systems on Early Growth of Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L written by Dale Alan Weishaar and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Method of Winter Wheat Tillage written by August Levi Nelson and published by . This book was released on 1929 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
