Download or read book Effects of the Estrous Cycle and Obesity on Mammary Gland Development in the Domestic Pig written by Amber Lynn Derpinghaus and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mammary glands (MG) of pigs represent an excellent model for the human breast given their many shared histomorphological features. However, the MG of pigs have not yet been studied for histomorphological changes across the estrous cycle or in response to excess dietary energy. The MG of humans and other species such as the mouse, rat, and cow undergo phases of histomorphological development and regression during the estrous cycle as a result of fluctuating levels of hormones including estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin. In one experiment, we sampled the MG of five nulliparous pigs at several points throughout the estrous cycle to determine histomorphological development and the rates of epithelial division. Epithelial proliferation in the porcine MG peaked around estrus, leading to a more advanced morphological development during diestrus when more branched terminal ductal lobular units were present. In another two experiments we evaluated the effects of varying dietary energy and lysine levels on MG development in pigs as a model for the effect of obesity on human breast development. In the first experiment, Landrace x Large White gilts were assigned to six dietary treatment groups containing three different levels of ME (85%, 100% or 115% of their daily requirement) and two levels of lysine (85% or 100% of their daily requirement). For the second experiment, gilts from six littermate pairs were pair-fed either a standard commercial diet or a diet containing 120% ME (HED diet) supplemented with tallow and sucrose. In the second experiment, MG biopsies and blood samples were collected at the beginning of the treatment period as well as at several calendar and biological ages. In both experiments, MG samples were collected at necropsy for whole mount (WM) and histological analysis, and immunohistochemistry for the proliferation marker Ki67. In Exp. 1, there was no difference in mammary development or epithelial cell proliferation rate due to either dietary energy level or lysine level. Histomorphological analysis of biopsy and necropsy samples from the second experiment revealed more developed TDLU in HED gilts, coincident with lower rates of epithelial proliferation. In addition to decreased MG development at the cellular level, HED gilts developed a larger fat pad that was not as fully penetrated by the ductal tree. Elucidating the effects of the estrous cycle and excess dietary fat on MG development before, during, and after puberty stands to provide a better understanding of normal fluctuations in MG development and how obesity can affect both normal MG physiological function and breast cancer risk.
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-27 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been updated by a committee of experts, taking into consideration input from the scientific and laboratory animal communities and the public at large. The Guide incorporates new scientific information on common laboratory animals, including aquatic species, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use: Key concepts of animal care and use. The Guide sets the framework for the humane care and use of laboratory animals. Animal care and use program. The Guide discusses the concept of a broad Program of Animal Care and Use, including roles and responsibilities of the Institutional Official, Attending Veterinarian and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animal environment, husbandry, and management. A chapter on this topic is now divided into sections on terrestrial and aquatic animals and provides recommendations for housing and environment, husbandry, behavioral and population management, and more. Veterinary care. The Guide discusses veterinary care and the responsibilities of the Attending Veterinarian. It includes recommendations on animal procurement and transportation, preventive medicine (including animal biosecurity), and clinical care and management. The Guide addresses distress and pain recognition and relief, and issues surrounding euthanasia. Physical plant. The Guide identifies design issues, providing construction guidelines for functional areas; considerations such as drainage, vibration and noise control, and environmental monitoring; and specialized facilities for animal housing and research needs. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities. This updated and expanded resource of proven value will be important to scientists and researchers, veterinarians, animal care personnel, facilities managers, institutional administrators, policy makers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physiology of Mammary Glands written by Akira Yokoyama and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Lactating Sow written by M. W. A. Verstegen and published by Brill Wageningen Academic. This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For veterinary practitioners, farm managers and advisors, as well as researchers and students interested in pig production, this publication provides excellent information on all important factors influencing lactation performance in sows.
Download or read book Metabolic Modifiers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.
Download or read book Laboratory Animal Medicine written by Lynn C. Anderson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2002-06-20 with total page 1345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume in the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine series, this second edition has over 40% new material, including the addition of six new topics and many others that are completely rewritten. The book comprehensively covers the biological and disease aspects of laboratory animal medicine while examining other aspects such as the biohazards associated with the use of animal experimentation and factors complicating the bioethics of animal research.
Download or read book The Oestrous Cycle in the Rat and Its Associated Phenomena written by Joseph Abraham Long and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Laboratory Rat written by Henry J. Baker and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heat Stress and Animal Productivity written by Anjali Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Anjali Aggarwal is working as a Senior Scientist at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). She holds a PhD degree in Animal Physiology and is involved in research and teaching at post-graduate level. Her area of research work is stress and environmental physiology. She has more than 50 publications, two technical bulletins, four manuals and many book chapters to her credit. She has successfully guided many post-graduate and PhD students. Her major research accomplishments are on microclimatic modification for alleviation of heat and cold stress, mist and fan cooling systems for cows and buffaloes, and use of wallowing tank in buffaloes. Her work involves the use of technology of supplementing micronutrients during dry period and early lactation to crossbred and indigenous cows for alleviating metabolic and oxidative stress and improved health and productivity. Studies are also done in her lab on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes as a result of exercise or exposure to heat stress. Dr. R.C. Upadhyay is working as Head, Dairy Cattle Physiology Division at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). He graduated in Veterinary Sciences and obtained his PhD degree in Animal Physiology. His area of recent research is climate change, stress, and environmental physiology. His major research accomplishment is on climate change impact assessment of milk production and growth in livestock. His work also involves studying methane conversion and emission factors for Indian livestock and use of IPCC methodology of methane inventory of Indian livestock. Heat shock protein-70 expression studies in cattle and buffaloes are also done in his lab. Draught animal power evaluation, fatigue assessment, work-rest cycle and work limiting factors form the highlights of his work. Studies on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes and electrocardiographic studies in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat are also undertaken in his lab. He has more than 75 research papers, four books and several book chapters to his credit. Technologies developed and research done by him include methodology of methane measurement: open and closed circuit for cattle and buffaloes; inventory of methane emission from livestock using IPCC methodology; livestock stress index: thermal stress measurement based on physiological functions; and draught power evaluation system and large animal treadmill system. He received training in Radio-nuclides in medicine at Australian School of Nuclear Technology, Lucas heights, NSW, Australia in 1985 and Use of radioisotopes in cardiovascular investigations at CSIRO, Prospect, NSW, Australia, during 1985-86. He has guided several post-graduate and PhD students. He is recipient of Hari Om Ashram Award-1990 (ICAR) for outstanding research in animal sciences.
Download or read book Oral Health in America written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Biology of the Guinea Pig written by Joseph E. Wagner and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-04-25 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approx.317 pages
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quality of Fresh and Processed Foods written by Fereidoon Shahidi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-12-31 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quality is a composite term encompassing many characteristics of foods. These include color, aroma, texture, general nutrition, shelf-life, stability, and possible presence of undesirable constituents. Obviously deterioration of quality may lead to changes in the attributes that characterize the food in its fresh or freshly processed state. In addition, quality enhancement of products may be carried out using appropriate processing techniques. Interaction of different components present with one another could have a profound effect on sensory quality of products. Meanwhile, presence of extraneous matter such as pesticides and debris may also contribute to a compromise in the quality of foods. In addition, processing often brings about changes in many attributes of food including its nutritional value. Thus, examination of process-induced changes in food products is important. In this book, a cursory account of quality attributes of fresh and processed foods is provided. The book is of interest to food scientists, nutritionists and biochemists in academia, government and industry.
