Download or read book Effects of Temperature on Survival and Growth of Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout written by Elizabeth Ann Bear and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi have declined throughout their native range in the Northern Rockies and were considered for listing under the federal Endangered Species Act. Water temperature is widely regarded as playing a key role in determining their persistence, but specific lethal levels and thermal optima for this cutthroat trout subspecies had not been precisely defined. This laboratory study used the acclimated chronic exposure method to determine tolerances and thermal optima of westslope cutthroat trout and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, a potential nonnative competitor now occupying much of the former range of westslope cutthroat trout. Rainbow trout had a distinct survival advantage over westslope cutthroat trout at warmer temperatures. The ultimate upper incipient lethal temperature (temperature at which 50% of the population survives for 60-d) of rainbow trout (24.3°C; 95% CI, 24.0-24.7°C) was 4.7°C higher than that of westslope cutthroat trout (19.6°C; 95% CI, 19.1-19.9°C). In contrast, the optimum growth temperature for westslope cutthroat trout (13.6°C; 95% CI, 10.3-17.0°C) over the 60-d test period was very similar to that of rainbow trout (13.1°C; 95% CI, 6.8-18.2°C), although rainbow trout grew better over a wider range and at higher temperatures than did westslope cutthroat trout. The upper lethal and optimum growth temperatures for westslope cutthroat trout are in the lower range among most salmonids. The higher upper temperature tolerance of rainbow trout and its greater ability for growth at warmer temperatures may account for its increased occurrence at lower elevations than cutthroat trout. Water quality standards setting maximum daily temperatures from 13-15°C, near the optimum growth temperature, would ensure suitable thermal habitat to maintain the persistence of westslope cutthroat trout populations. In addition, survival and growth parameters indicated in this study can be used with stream temperature modeling to predict suitable habitat for westslope cutthroat trout, as they may be particularly susceptible to increases in stream temperature associated with climate change. Such predictions of habitat suitability will be vital in prioritizing conservation efforts with respect to reintroduction and translocation of westslope cutthroat trout.

Download or read book Effects of climatic temperature change on growth survival and reproduction of rainbow trout written by W. VAN WINKLE and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Constant Temperature and Thermal Shifts on Survival Morphology and Oxygen Consumption in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss Embryos written by Christopher L. Melendez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental temperature is a crucial environmental factor that influences many physiological functions in fishes. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are a native anadromous species that inhabit a variety of freshwater rivers and lakes and are widely distributed throughout the western portion of the United States. Resident rainbow trout populations occupy interior freshwater environments for the entirety of life. Interior bodies of water are most susceptible to changes in environmental temperatures. Therefore, resident rainbow trout are likely to be impacted by variable and rising temperatures, particularly during embryonic development. Understanding temperature effects during development is likely to provide insight into the overall thermal biology of a species and its persistence in a changing climate. To assess the effect of temperature on development of rainbow trout, we examined phenotypes of hatchery embryos reared in various incubation temperatures (5°C, 10°C, 15°C and 17.5°C). To identify the presence of embryonic developmental plasticity within developmental time points, embryos incubated in 5°C were exposed to either 10°C, 15°C or 17.5°C during gastrulation, organogenesis, system integration or growth windows and a 3-dimensional critical window model was applied. An increase in constant incubation temperature increased oxygen consumption rate (V̇O2), and decreased hatchling survival, mass, yolk size, body length and time to 50% hatch. Thermally shifting embryos into increased temperature during distinct windows of development also reduced survival at hatch, and this was most evident following exposure during organogenesis, which may signify the presence of a critical window for this trait. Likewise, thermally shifting embryos into increased temperature resulted in smaller hatchlings. Although there was an initial increase in V̇ O2 in response to temperature, experiencing thermal shifts during development had no persistent effect on V̇ O2 when measured at hatch at 5°C compared to 5°C constant embryos. Collectively, these results suggest that survival and morphological traits of rainbow trout embryos are most sensitive to increased temperature during organogenesis and system integration, but increased temperature does not appear to have a long-term effect on energy use. Environmental temperature plays a fundamental role in developing aquatic vertebrates. Thus, critical window studies such this performed across species will eventually allow for the identification of commonalities in plasticity between different species in response to variables such as temperature.

Download or read book Thermal Adaptation of Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi written by Daniel Patrick Drinan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding local adaptations is a fundamental goal of evolutionary biology and would provide managers information necessary to better protect and conserve species. Salmonids are a particularly useful system for studying local adaptations as they often persist in disparate and isolated environments. In addition, their sensitivity to temperature provides a likely candidate for natural selection to act. I studied thermal adaptation in four wild populations and one hatchery stock of westslope cutthroat trout. Native stream mean summer temperatures ranged from 6.7° to 11.2°C. Embryos were collected from the wild and differences in embryonic development, embryonic survival, and juvenile growth were measured. I found a significant relationship between median embryonic survival and native stream temperatures at warm incubation temperatures (Rank test; P = 0.04). The change in embryonic survival across incubation temperatures was consistent for populations from warm streams, but changed drastically for populations from cool streams. This difference suggests that populations from warmer streams may be thermal generalists, and populations from cooler streams may be thermal specialists. Results have both short- and long-term implications. In the short-term, managers should use these data to support the consideration of local adaptations when performing translocation projects. In the long-term, these data suggest that global climate change may be detrimental for westslope cutthroat trout.

Download or read book Life History Characteristics and the Effects of Climate on Growth of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout in Headwater Basins written by Patrick Ryan Uthe and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout was historically distributed throughout the Upper Yellowstone and Upper Snake River drainages, but now occupies only 42% of its original range because of habitat degradation and introduced salmonid species. Many of the current strongholds are located on public land in mountainous watersheds with low human disturbance. However, knowledge of life history characteristics of headwater populations is limited. Moreover, streams throughout the Rocky Mountains have already exhibited symptoms of climate change through alterations in thermal and hydrologic regimes, but it is unknown how these changes will affect fish populations. To address these needs, we implemented a mark-recapture study on five populations of trout from Spread Creek, Wyoming, and Shields River, Montana, to estimate annual growth, survival rates, and movement patterns, and document the effects of discharge, temperature, and food availability on summer growth patterns. Survival rates were high compared to survival rates of other Cutthroat Trout subspecies and large trout generally had lower survival rates than small trout. Downstream movements out of streams by tagged trout were substantial. Annual growth rates varied among streams and size classes, but were relatively low compared to populations of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout from large, low elevation streams. Trout grew more in length than weight in summer, suggesting an investment in structural growth rather than accumulation of reserve tissues. Temperature and discharge had strong effects on summer growth, but the effect of discharge was greater for growth in weight than in length, probably resulting from increased prey availability at high discharges. Temperature interacted with fish length such that small trout responded favorably to increased average daily temperatures near physiological optima and increased growing season length, whereas large trout responded negatively to warming temperatures. These estimates of key demographic parameters are useful in developing management and conservation strategies. Additionally, we documented that even under thermally suitable conditions, discharge can have significant effects on growth, making it important to consider multiple factors affected by climate change when devising climate adaptation strategies for coldwater fishes.

Download or read book North American Journal of Aquaculture written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Water Temperature on Egg Quality of Westslope Cutthroat Trout Salmo Clarki written by Charlie E. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cutthroat written by Pat Trotter and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cutthroat tells the full story of the genuine native trout of the American West. This new edition, thoroughly revised and updated after 20 years, synthesizes what is currently known about one of our most interesting and colorful fishes, includes much new information on its biology and ecology, asks how it has fared in the last century, and looks toward its future. In a passionate and accessibly written narrative, Patrick Trotter, fly fisher, environmental advocate, and science consultant, details the evolution, natural history, and conservation of each of the cutthroat's races and incorporates more personal reflections on the ecology and environmental history of the West's river ecosystems. The bibliography now includes what may be the most comprehensive and complete set of references available anywhere on the cutthroat trout. Written for anglers, nature lovers, environmentalists, and students, and featuring vibrant original illustrations by Joseph Tomelleri, this is an essential reference for anyone who wants to learn more about this remarkable, beautiful, and fragile western native.

Download or read book The Effects of High Temperature and High Levels of Dissolved Solids on the Growth and Survival of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus Clarki Henshawi written by Bobette R. Dickerson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Whirling Disease on Growth and Survival of Snake River Cutthroat and Colorado River Rainbow Trout Fingerlings written by Cory Ryan Sipher and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Fish Size and Temperature on the Condition and Survival of Fat depleted Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss Following Long term Swimming written by Keith P. Lawrence and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Conservation Assessment for Inland Cutthroat Trout written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Air Exposure on Survival of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Angled from a Stream with Warm Water Temperatures written by Darcy K. McCarrick and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We evaluated the effects of air exposure on Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri caught and released in a coldwater stream with elevated water temperatures (i.e., > 14°C) in southeastern Idaho. Fish were caught by angling in a 2.3 km section of Fall Creek, Idaho, during August 2018. Sampled fish remained underwater while they were measured and then tagged with T-bar anchor tags. Fish were exposed to air for 0, 30, or 60 seconds and then released at the point of capture. Temperature was continuously monitored during the study period. Water temperatures during the study varied from 10.0°C to 19.7°C and averaged 14.9°C (SE = 0.08). In total, 161 Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout were caught via angling over 10 days. Of those fish, 54 were not exposed to air, 54 were exposed to air for 30 s, and 53 were exposed to air for 60 s. Electrofishing was used to recapture tagged fish and estimate relative survival. Relative survival was highest for fish exposed to air for 60 s (proportion ± SE; 0.40 ± 0.25) followed by 0 s (0.35 ± 0.25) and 30 s (0.30 ± 0.27), but differences were not statistically significant. Results from this study are consistent with other air exposure studies suggesting that air exposure of 60 s or less is not likely a concern in Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout fisheries. Releasing fish as quickly as possible is always encouraged, but management regulations exposure. Nevertheless, similar studies on other systems and species are warranted.

Download or read book General Technical Report RMRS written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Acute Gamma Radiation and Temperature on Growth and Survival of Juvenile Rainbow Trout Salmo Gairdneri written by Eldon Hartzel Edmundson and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book General Technical Report RM written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cold Tolerance Performance of Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss and Its Potential Role in Influencing Interspecific Hybridization written by M. M. Yau and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybridization between rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)) and westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi (Girard, 1856)) occurs commonly when rainbow trout are introduced into the range of westslope cutthroat trout. Typically, hybridization is most common in warmer, lower elevation habitats, but much less common in colder, higher elevation habitats. We assessed the tolerance to cold water temperature (i.e., critical thermal minimum, CTMin) in juvenile rainbow trout and westslope cutthroat trout to test the hypothesis that westslope cutthroat trout better tolerate low water temperature, which may explain the lower prevalence of rainbow trout and interspecific hybrids in higher elevation, cold-water habitats (i.e., the ?elevation refuge hypothesis?). All fish had significantly lower CTMin values (i.e., were better able to tolerate low temperatures) when they were acclimated to 15 °C (mean CTMin = 1.37 °C) versus 18 °C (mean CTMin = 1.91 °C; p