Download or read book Effects of Sodium on Growth and Properties of Cu In Ga Se2 Thin Films and Solar Cells written by Dominik Rudmann and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by Yoshihiro Hamakawa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-10-23 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive book on thin-film solar cells, potentially a key technology for solving the energy production problem in the 21st century in an environmentally friendly way. It covers a wide range of scientific and technological aspects of thin film semiconductors - deposition technologies, growth mechanisms and the basic properties of amorphous and nano-crystalline silicon - as well as the optimum design theory and device physics of high-efficiency solar cells, especially of single-junction and multi-junction solar cells. The development of large-area solar cell modules using single and multi-junction solar cells is also considered. Examples of recent photovoltaic systems are presented and analysed.
Download or read book Photoenergy and Thin Film Materials written by Xiao-Yu Yang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-19 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the latest research & developments and future trends in photoenergy and thin film materials—two important areas that have the potential to spearhead the future of the industry. Photoenergy materials are expected to be a next generation class of materials to provide secure, safe, sustainable and affordable energy. Photoenergy devices are known to convert the sunlight into electricity. These types of devices are simple in design with a major advantage as they are stand-alone systems able to provide megawatts of power. They have been applied as a power source for solar home systems, remote buildings, water pumping, megawatt scale power plants, satellites, communications, and space vehicles. With such a list of enormous applications, the demand for photoenergy devices is growing every year. On the other hand, thin films coating, which can be defined as the barriers of surface science, the fields of materials science and applied physics are progressing as a unified discipline of scientific industry. A thin film can be termed as a very fine, or thin layer of material coated on a particular surface, that can be in the range of a nanometer in thickness to several micrometers in size. Thin films are applied in numerous areas ranging from protection purposes to electronic semiconductor devices. The 16 chapters in this volume, all written by subject matter experts, demonstrate the claim that both photoenergy and thin film materials have the potential to be the future of industry.
Download or read book Earth Abundant Materials for Solar Cells written by Sadao Adachi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-10-28 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematically describes the physical and materials properties of copper-based quaternary chalcogenide semiconductor materials, enabling their potential for photovoltaic device applications. Intended for scientists and engineers, in particular, in the fields of multinary semiconductor physics and a variety of photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices.
Download or read book Highlights in Applied Mineralogy written by Soraya Heuss-Aßbichler and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can we learn from nature? The study of the physical, chemical and structural properties of well-known minerals in the geo- and biosphere creates new opportunities for innovative applications in technology, environment or medicine. This book highlights today’s research on outstanding minerals such as garnets used as components in all solid state batteries, delafossite formation during wastewater treatment, monazites for the immobilization of high level radioactive waste or hyroxylapatite as bioactive material for medical implant applications. Contents Part I: High-technology materials Lithium ion–conducting oxide garnets Olivine-type battery materials Natural and synthetic zeolites Microstructure analysis of chalcopyrite-type CuInSe2 and kesterite-type Cu2ZnSnSe4 absorber layers in thin film solar cells Surface-engineered silica via plasma polymer deposition Crystallographic symmetry analysis in NiTi shape memory alloys Part II: Environmental mineralogy Gold, silver, and copper in the geosphere and anthroposphere: can industrial wastewater act as an anthropogenic resource? Applied mineralogy for recovery from the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Phosphates as safe containers for radionuclides Immobilization of high-level waste calcine (radwaste) in perovskites Titanate ceramics for high-level nuclear waste immobilization Part III: Biomineralization, biomimetics, and medical mineralogy Patterns of mineral organization in carbonate biological hard materials Sea urchin spines as role models for biological design and integrative structures Nacre: a biomineral, a natural biomaterial, and a source of bio-inspiration Hydroxylapatite coatings: applied mineralogy research in the bioceramics field A procedure to apply spectroscopic techniques in the investigation of silica-bearing industrial materials
Download or read book New Deposition Process of Cu In Ga Se2 Thin Films for Solar Cell Applications written by Himal Khatri and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molybdenum (Mo) is currently the most common material used for Cu(In, Ga)Se2 solar cell back contacts. The first objective of this study is to utilize in-situ and ex-situ characterization techniques to investigate the growth, as well as the physical and chemical properties, of Mo thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto soda-lime glass (SLG) substrates. The effects of the deposition pressure on the nucleation and growth mechanisms that ultimately influence morphology and grain structure have been studied. Correspondence between real time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and four-point probe resistivity measurements indicate that increasing deposition pressure leads to smaller average grain sizes and higher oxygen content in the Mo thin films. Changes of the material properties were also evaluated by changing RF power. It is observed that higher RF power, results in higher conductivity films. The second and overall objective of this work is to focus on the deposition and characterization of the Cu(In, Ga)Se2 absorber layer using the hybrid co-sputtering and evaporation process, which has potential for commercial PV. Solar cells were completed with a range of elemental compositions in the absorber layer, keeping a constant profile of Ga and varying Cu concentrations. The slightly Cu deficient Cu(In, Ga)Se2 films of band gap ~1.15 eV fabricated by this process consist of a single chalcopyrite phase and device efficiencies up to 12.4% were achieved for the composition ratios (x, y) = (0.30, 0.88). Correspondence between energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction, transmission and reflection (T & R), four-point probe resistivity, and current density-voltage (J-V) measurements indicate that increased Cu concentration leads to the incorporation of a secondary phase Cu2-xSe compound in the Cu(In, Ga)Se2 films, which is detrimental to cell performance. The third objective of this work is to evaluate the Cu2-xSe material properties by employing in-situ RTSE, as well as ex-situ SE and various other characterization techniques. SE revealed that the dielectric function spectra of Cu2-xSe evolve with temperature, providing insights into the evolution of transport properties and critical point structures. At room temperature, semi-metallic behavior of Cu2-xSe thin films was revealed by SE and Hall Effect measurements. These characteristics serve as key inputs for optical modeling of complex layer structures of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 films grown by 2- and 3-step processes.
Download or read book Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Emerging Applications written by Ram Gupta and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-05-20 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Emerging Applications covers new developments in automotive, construction, electronic, space and defense industries. The book is one of four volumes that together provide a comprehensive resource in the field of Advanced Ceramic Coatings, also including titles covering fundamentals, manufacturing and classification, energy and biomedical applications. These books will be extremely useful for academic and industrial researchers and practicing engineers who need to find reliable and up-to-date information about recent progresses and new developments in the field of advanced ceramic coatings. These books will also be of value to early career scientists providing background knowledge to the field. Smart ceramic coatings containing multifunctional components are now finding application in transportation and automotive industries, in electronics, and energy, sectors, in aerospace and defense, and in industrial goods and healthcare. Their wide application and stability in harsh environments are only possible due to the stability of the inorganic components that are used in ceramic coatings. - Provides comprehensive coverage of emerging applications in advanced ceramic coatings - Features the latest progress and recent technological developments - Includes comparisons to other coatings types (e.g., polymers, metals and enamel) to demonstrate potential, limitations and differences - Contains extensive case studies and worked examples
Download or read book Relation de Zwischen Den Chur Bayrischen dann den Kays vnnd Fr nckischen Cray Trouppen zu Emhoffen an der Vil vnweit Schmidtm hl in dem Pfaltz Neuburgischen vorgangnen Rencontre written by and published by . This book was released on 1703 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clean Electricity From Photovoltaics 2nd Edition written by Mary D Archer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-10-17 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Clean Electricity from Photovoltaics, first published in 2001, provides an updated account of the underlying science, technology and market prospects for photovoltaics. All areas have advanced considerably in the decade since the first edition was published, which include: multi-crystalline silicon cell efficiencies having made impressive advances, thin-film CdTe cells having established a decisive market presence, and organic photovoltaics holding out the prospect of economical large-scale power production.
Download or read book Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics written by T. Markvart and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-10-30 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook opens with an overview of solar radiation and how its energy can be tapped using photovoltaic cells. Other chapters cover the technology, manufacture and application of PV cells in real situations. The book ends by exploring the economic and business aspects of photovoltaics.
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Solar Cell Applications written by Sabu Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-06-12 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials for Solar Cell Applications provides a review of recent developments in the field of nanomaterials based solar cells. It begins with a discussion of the fundamentals of nanomaterials for solar calls, including a discussion of lifecycle assessments and characterization techniques. Next, it reviews various types of solar cells, i.e., Thin film, Metal-oxide, Nanowire, Nanorod and Nanoporous materials, and more. Other topics covered include a review of quantum dot sensitized and perovskite and polymer nanocomposites-based solar cells. This book is an ideal resource for those working in this evolving field of nanomaterials and renewable energy. - Provides a well-organized approach to the use of nanomaterials for solar cell applications - Discusses the synthesis, characterization and applications of traditional and new material - Includes coverage of emerging nanomaterials, such as graphene, graphene-derivatives and perovskites
Download or read book The Influence of Na on the Growth of Cu In Ga Se 2 Layers for Thin Film Solar Cells written by Karin Granath and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Cells written by Tom Markvart and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-12-15 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The capture and use of solar energy has been growing for many years, but only in recent times have advances in design and manufacture allowed us to see the incorporation of solar energy as a significant player in the renewable energy arena. Solar cells are at the heart of any photovoltaic system and in this book the various types are described and their characteristics reviewed. Going beyond materials, design and function, ‘Solar Cells’ also covers their testing, monitoring and calibration thus providing a comprehensive account of current activity in this important field of research and industry. ‘Solar Cells’ has been abstracted from the recent ‘Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics’ by the same editors (ISBN 185617 3909. 2003: Elsevier) Internationally-respected contributors from industry and academia Abstracted from ‘The Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics' by the same Editors A comprehensive source-book on all aspects of solar cells
Download or read book Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics written by Augustin McEvoy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 1269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook opens with an overview of solar radiation and how its energy can be tapped using photovoltaic cells. Other chapters cover the technology, manufacture and application of PV cells in real situations. The book ends by exploring the economic and business aspects of PV systems.
Download or read book Impact of Cu In Ga Se2 Thin Film Growth Process on the Electrical Metastabilities of Related Solar Cell written by Tomasz Drobiazg and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Enhancement of the Deposition Processes of Cu In Ga Se2 and Cds Thin Films Via In situ and Ex situ Measurements for Solar Cell Application written by Vikash Ranjan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin films of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 deposited by 1-stage, 2-stage and 3-stage co-evaporation processes result into the highest efficiency solar cells. Controlling the rate and sequences of individual sources during these co-evaporation processes are important for better quality Cu(In, Ga)Se2 absorber layers. At the same time, spectroscopic ellipsometry due to its ex-situ as well as in-situ application is considered as a very powerful tool to understand the material properties as well as to monitor the process. Nevertheless, spectroscopic ellipsometry was not properly utilized until now to characterize Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin films. In this study, one of our goal is to understand the optical and electrical properties of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 as a function of process and composition. In the first part of this study, we implemented ex-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) along with other characterization techniques like Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) etc. to compare Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin films deposited by the above mentioned three co-evaporation processes. During this study, we were able to use SE to find the thickness, roughness, band gap, Ga grading of the Cu(In, Ga)Se2 deposited by 2-stage and 3-stage process. Finding of SE were correlated by SIMS, AES, SEM etc. In the case of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 deposited by 1-stage process, due to the high surface roughness, we are not able to implement the ex-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. In the second and third part of this study, real time spectroscopic ellipsometry is implemented to study the material properties of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin films as a function of Cu and Ga concentration. Effectively, in a 3-stage co-evaporation process, the composition of the film changes during the process. To monitor and control the composition of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 during the 3-stage process by in-situ ellipsometry, it was necessary to understand the optical properties of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 as a function of Cu atomic percentage (at.%) as well as Ga at.%. Along with this, the inability to implement ex-situ SE for Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin film motivated us to implement the spectroscopic ellipsometry in real time i.e. during the growth of the film. This in-situ real time application of SE helped us in understanding the micostructural evolution and dependence of the band gap with the Cu atomic percentage (at.%) as well as the Ga at.%. We also used this opportunity to understand the shift in the critical points as a function of temperature for CuInSe2 alloys. Characterization like AES, XRD, AFM etc were performed after the growth at room temperature to corroborate the RTSE findings. In the fourth and last part of this study, the growth of CdS on a Cu(In, Ga)Se2 surface as a function of time was studied using SE as well as AFM. We also used this opportunity to compare the growth of CdS on another substrate (SiO2). Spectroscopic ellipsometry and AFM revealed a quantum confinement effect in the case of CdS on SiO2 whereas no such effect was observed for CdS on Cu(In, Ga)Se2 surface due to the growth of compact CdS layers.
Download or read book Nanoscale investigation of potential distribution in operating Cu In Ga Se2 thin film solar cells written by Zhenhao Zhang and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distribution of the electrostatic potential in and between the materials in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells has a major impact on their superior performance. This thesis reported on the nanoscale imaging of the electrostatic potential on untreated cross sections of operating Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells using Kelvin probe force microscopy.
