Download or read book Effects of Seedling Year Management Treatments on Stands and Yields of Medium Red Clover Trifolium Pratense L written by Robert John Allen and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seedling Year Management of Medium Red Clover Trifolium Pratense L written by Robert John Allen and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Management on Food Reserves Root Rot Incidence Stand and Forage and Seed Yields of Red Clover Trifolium Pratense L written by William Lytle Colville and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Fertility Level Fall Management and Stage of Cutting on Forage and Seed Yield of Red Clover Trifolium Pratense L written by Henry Neal Markham and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Abstracts of Recent Published Material on Soil and Water Conservation written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstracts for Dec. 1954- issued in the Agricultural Research Service's series ARS-41.
Download or read book Abstracts of Theses for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy with the Titles of Theses Accepted for the Master s Degree for the Academic Years written by University of Maryland (System). Graduate School and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arranged by departments in which the major work was prepared.
Download or read book Effect of Plant Growth Regulator and Irrigation on Physiological and Harvest Maturity of Red Clover in Relation to Seed Quality written by Duangporn Angsumalee and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed yield can be affected by plant growth regulators (PGR) and irrigation; however, the effects of these factors on physiological maturity (PM), harvest maturity (HM), and seed quality are unknown. The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine how irrigation and trinexapac-ethyl (TE, a PGR) affect PM, HM, seed viability, and seed vigor of red clover at different stages of maturity, 2) evaluate the effect of irrigation, TE and their interaction on seed yield, its components, and the quality of red clover seeds at harvest, 3) investigate changes in gibberellic and abscisic acid contents in red clover during seed development and maturation, and 4) determine the potential of red clover seed storability under different storage conditions over two years. A field study was conducted over a two-year period at Hyslop Research Farm, Corvallis, Oregon. A single irrigation was applied at first flowering stage (BBCH 55). Five rates of TE, ranging from 0 to 700 g a.i. ha−1, were applied at stem elongation and bud emergence stages (BBCH 32 and BBCH 51, respectively). Seed viability and vigor tests were conducted at Oregon State University Seed Laboratory to measure the effects of treatments on seed quality. Irrigation delayed PM by four days compared to the non-irrigated treatment. The TE applications did not alter seed maturation. At PM, the flower heads contained light brown petals with brownish-green sepals and seeds were pale green to pale yellow. Heads at HM contained dark brown petals and sepals, whereas seeds turned to yellow or yellow-dark grayish purple. Seed dry weight did not change significantly from PM to HM. Seed moisture content at maximum seed dry weight (PM) ranged from 340 to 540 g kg−1 and decreased to below 140 g kg−1 at HM. Seed quality as determined by tetrazolium (TZT), standard germination (SGT), and cold tests (CT) were gradually increased during seed development and maturation. The accelerated aging test (AAT) was not a reliable indicator for evaluating vigor of young seeds. At HM, seeds reached maximum quality for all treatments, with 92 - 98% viability by TZT and SGT, and 90 - 94% vigor by CT. Seed yield was increased by irrigation and TE application, but the interaction between these two treatments was not significant. Irrigation increased seed yield in both years by 10% due to the greater seed weight. However, TE increased seed yield by up to 18% only when applied at stem elongation stage in the second year. The increase in seed yield by TE was attributed to greater number of heads per stem. Neither irrigation nor TE had significant effect on above-ground biomass or stems m−2. Seed viability and vigor were slightly correlated with thousand-seed weight and stems m−2, respectively. However, none of them significantly affected seed quality. The study revealed that seed yield can be increased by: 1) a single irrigation application during first flowering stage (BBCH 55) in both years; and 2) TE application at a rate of 280 g a.i. ha−1 at the stem elongation stage (BBCH 32) in the second-year stand of red clover. Gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) are two major phytohormones that affect seed germination. Changes in the contents of GA3 and ABA from seed development to maturation was conducted using seeds from untreated, TE-treated, irrigated, and TE plus irrigated plots. The GA3 and ABA were extracted from seeds using the solid phase method and were quantified by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The ABA content was high (1242 pg g−1 DW) at the early stage of seed development, and then gradually decreased to 388 pg g-1 DW at HM. The GA3 content did not change significantly during seed development until HM, ranging from 173 to 187 pg g−1 DW. Irrigation and TE application did not significantly affect the endogenous production of GA3 and ABA in the seeds. The ABA:GA3 ratio was high (6.7) at the early stage of seed development, but seed germination was low (24%). When seeds reached HM, the ABA:GA3 ratio dropped to 2.2 and seed germination increased to 93%. These results suggest that physiological dormancy is not a substantial concern in red clover seeds. However, before scarification, seed with hard seed coat at HM was approximately 34%. Hard seeds were scarified before conducting the germination tests. Maintaining seed quality during storage is essential to ensure value until the time of planting. Two red clover seed lots, untreated and field treated with TE, were stored for 24 months in three conditions: 1) uncontrolled environment of open warehouse (WH), 2) controlled room temperature (RT) at 20°C, and 3) controlled cold storage (CS) at 10°C. Seed quality, i.e., viability and vigor, was determined at 6-month intervals to measure the rate of deterioration after each storage period. Relative humidity (RH) was observed as 55% in RT and 90% in CS. Average seed viability of both seed lots stored in WH and RT and were 96% and 95%, respectively, throughout the 24-month storage period. Seeds stored at RT for 24 months maintained high vigor of 87% as determined by the AAT, whereas seeds stored at WH maintained vigor of 81% for 18 months and then dropped to 67% at the end of the 24-month storage period. In CS, seed viability and vigor gradually dropped, reaching 0% at the end of the 24-month storage period due to the adverse effect of the high RH (90%) in the CS. Seed maintained acceptable viability and vigor standards of above 80% when seed moisture content was less than 10%. This study suggests that red clover seeds from untreated and TE-treated plots can be stored safely under similar WH conditions used in this study for 18 months and in RT for 24 months when the initial seed moisture content is under 10%. The results of this study improved our understanding of the potential storability of the red clover seed in response to TE application.
Download or read book Investigations of the Flowering Habit and Winter Survival of Red Clover Trifolium Pratense L During the First Year of Growth written by Henri Paul Therrien and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Clipping on the Subsequent Seed Yield of Several Clovers written by Maurice Gilbert Frakes and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agronomy Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international journal of agriculture and natural resource sciences.
Download or read book The Effect of Date of Planting Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Seed Yield and Seed Yield Components of Red Clover Trifolium Pratense L in the Willamette Valley written by Eduardo M. Echeverria and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Relative Adaptability of Red clover Seed of Different Origins written by Roy Glen Wiggans and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Paclobutrazol and Uniconazol on Red Clover Seed Production written by Thomas B. Silberstein and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excessive growth by red clover, Trifolium pratense L., grown for seed interferes with maximum seed production and harvest in Oregon's Willamette Valley. This study was conducted during 1986 and 1987 on red clover cv. Kenland to determine if plant height and dry matter production could be inhibited and seed yields improved with the plant growth regulators (PGRs) uniconazol (XE-1019) and paclobutrazol (Parlay). The effects of different soil-applied and foliar-applied PGRs and application rates on plant height, crop biomass, and yield components of red clover were measured at Corvallis, OR on Woodburn silt-loam (fine-silty mixed mesic Aquultic Argixerolls) soil. Soil-applied PGRs were also managed under single and multiple irrigation regimes in 1986. Under a single irrigation regime in 1986, canopy height was reduced by 32% when XE-1019 was applied at 1.12 kg ai/ha and was reduced by 13% when Parlay was applied at 1.68 kg ai/ha. Averaged over the two-year period, straw yield was reduced 40% with XE-1019 (1.12 kg ai/ha) and by 12% with Parlay (1.68 kg ai/ha). Seed yield was increased by 11% with the lower XE-1019 rate (0.14 kg ai/ha) and was increased by 14% with the higher Parlay rate (1.68 kg ai/ha). Soil-applied PGR treatments reduced canopy height by 25% with XE-1019 (1.12 kg ai/ha) and was reduced by 11% with Parlay (1.68 kg ai/ha) under multiple irrigation in 1986. Straw yield was reduced by 30% with XE-1019 (0.84 kg ai/ha), but Parlay had no effect on straw yield. In addition, seed yield was increased by 8% with XE-1019 (0.56 kg ai/ha) and by 18% with Parlay (1.68 kg ai/ha). Foliar-applied XE-1019 (1.12 kg ai/ha) reduced canopy height by 13% in 1986 and by 25% in 1987, whereas foliar-applied Parlay (1.12 kg ai/ha) reduced canopy height by 9% in 1986 and by 19% in 1987. In 1986, seed yield increases averaged 16% across all 3CE-1019 treatments (0.07 to 1.12 kg ai/ha) and was increased an average of 21% across all Parlay treatments (0.28 to 1.68 kg ai/ha). However, 1987 was drier and warmer than 1986, consequently, foliar-applied XE-1019 reduced seed yields by an average of 23% and Parlay reduced seed yields by an average of 21%. Total dry weight and straw weight were unaffected by foliar-applied PGR treatment in both years. Use of XE-1019 and Parlay in field crop production has the potential to reduce dry matter production and improve seed recovery, but results vary from year to year. These PGRs have the potential to improve seed yields and may be effective in improving harvest conditions by reducing vegetative biomass.
Download or read book Growing Red Clover written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Time of Cutting Red Clover on Forage Yields Seed Setting and Chemical Composition written by Carroll Paton Wilsie and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Subject Catalog written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Relations in Red and White Clover Seed Crops written by Rubén N. Oliva and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both red (Trifolium pratense L.) and white (Trifolium repens L.) clover seed yields can be highly variable and low in western Oregon. The objectives of this study were to: i) determine crop water requirements and supplemental irrigation timing, and ii) quantify the effects of soil and water status on inflorescence production, seed yield and seed yield components for red and white clover seed crops. In each species, five supplemental irrigation treatments were applied in 1990 and 1991 to first and second year seed crops grown on a Woodburn silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Aquultic Argixeroll) near Corvallis, OR. Non-irrigated controls were also maintained. In red clover, increased plant water stress reduced the duration of the season-long bud and flower production, stem length, potential floral capacity (PFC), and seed yield (SY). Root rot index (RRI) increased with increasing levels of plant water stress, indicating that supplemental water applications reduced second-year root rot severity. The reduction in SY from increasing plant water stress was primarily caused by a decrease in floral fertility, and less conclusively by reductions in inflorescence number per unit area. One irrigation to fill the soil active profile during peak flowering provided adequate water to maintain efficient seed production. In white clover, SY was maximum in 1990 when water application was delayed until 68% of the available soil-water was used by the crop which maintained an even flush of flowers and restricted vegetative growth. In 1991, all irrigation treatments yielded the same or less than the non-watered control. This was due to the excessive vegetative growth from stolons that had grown between the planted rows the previous and present crop year. In both years excessive amounts of irrigation water favored profuse vegetative growth and reduced SY. Inflorescence density was increased by constraining soil-water in 1990 and was the yield component that most affected SY both years. Crop water stress index (CWSI) was a useful indicator of plant stress status and can be used to schedule irrigations in red and white clovers grown for seed under typical climatic conditions of western Oregon.
