Download or read book Effects of Probiotics and Tannins on Growth Performance Gastrointestinal Tract Fermentation and Measures of Eimeria Species in Cattle written by Laurel B. Rigby and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing human population is associated with an increased demand for food of plant and animal origin, as is the demand for more naturally produced meat worldwide. The ability of ruminants to convert resources otherwise inedible to humans into consumable end-products, demonstrates the indispensable role ruminants play in sustainable agriculture. The production of these end-products can only be achieved through ruminal microbial fermentation. Therefore, rumen microbes play a key role in the production efficiency of ruminants due to their role in supplying end products that are either directly used by the host or by other microorganisms as energy. Hence, ruminal microbes are a primary target for intensification of livestock, development of new management techniques and products to improve performance and health of livestock. Our objective was to determine the effects of non-ionophore feed additives on feed efficiency, prevalence of Eimeria spp. load, volatile fatty acid concentrations, and gastrointestinal tract microbiomes (rumen and fecal) in post-weaned calves. We hypothesized that the use of a direct fed microbial (DFM) and DFM with tannin would improve performance and decrease coccidial infection similar to the use of Rumensin. Weaned calves (n = 117; 272.77 ± 33.14 kg of BW) were stratified by weight and sex to 1 of 4 treatments that consisted of a total mixed ration with: 1) no additive (CON), 2) RumaCell probiotic (RCELL; 5 g Lactobacillus acidophilus/hd/d), 3) RumaCell + tannin (RTAN; 5 g RCELL + 2.5 g Tannin/hd/d), or 4) Rumensin (RUM; 200 mg/hd/d). Fecal samples were collected multiple times a week for the first 46 d from a subset of 15 calves, randomly selected from each treatment group, to most accurately capture previous and concurrent Eimeria spp. infections. The same subset of calves was also utilized for rumen fluid and fecal samples on d 0 (Oct), 35 (Dec) and 70 (Jan). Intake and BW data from a 70 d feed test were used to calculate dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), residual feed intake (RFI), and gain to feed (GF)...Our data shows that RUM was the most effective at treating coccidial infections. In terms of performance, RTAN seems to be more competitive with RUM in improving ADG and G:F. The rumen microbial communities of CON and RCELL were more rich and diverse, whereas RTAN microbiome was more similar to RUM with less diversity and greater evenness which is associated with the a microbiome of higher efficieincy animals. These results suggest that DFM with tannins may provide an alternative to ionophores by improving feed efficiency and performance metrics in weaned calves.
Download or read book Probiotic and Dietary Manipulation of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota in Beef Cattle written by Elnaz Azad and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial symbionts inhabiting the digestive tract of ruminants contribute to a wide range of metabolic functions essential for the survival of host. However, abrupt changes in the composition of diet can adversely affect the composition of these microbial communities, leading to metabolic disorders that could compromise the performance of the animals. Development of frothy bloat following exposure of over-wintered steers to legume pastures and impairment of ruminal fermentation as a result of feeding high-grain diets are common metabolic disorders affecting beef cattle in Canadian Prairies. Mitigation strategies to control these metabolic conditions are mainly based on dietary interventions, providing moderate protection to cattle. Understanding the contribution of microbiota to development of these metabolic conditions would pave the way towards implementing more effective strategies. In the first experiment of this thesis, the effects of supplementing the probiotic strain Propionibacterium acidipropionici P169 on the microbiota and metabolic profile of feedlot cattle receiving a high-grain diet were evaluated. Overall, the data suggest that P169 confers its beneficial effect via favoring the growth of cellulolytic bacteria, thus inhibiting the overgrowth of amylolytic bacteria and subsequent drop in the ruminal pH. In the second experiment, dynamics of rumen microbiota during development of frothy bloat and following administration of mitigating strategies was characterized (i.e., use of mixed alfalfa and sainfoin pasture and supplementing drinking water with AlfasureTM). The data suggest that rapid proliferation of amylolytic bacteria following consumption of alfalfa contribute to development of frothy bloat. Dietary interventions used in this study prevented the development of clinal bloat, increased the proportions of cellulolytic bacteria, and alleviated bloat-associated dysbiosis in the composition of rumen microbiota. Finally, the third study evaluated the interrelationships of anaerobic rumen fungi (ARF) and ruminal bacteria in the context of frothy bloat. In general, ARF showed a large number of negative interrelationships with ruminal bacteria in normal rumen conditions. However, development of frothy bloat decreased the total number of relationships between ARF and bacteria, implying a disruption of microbe-microbe interrelationships (i.e., dysbiosis). Collectively, this thesis provides novel insights into the contribution of rumen microbiota to common metabolic disorders of beef cattle.
Download or read book Environmental effects on gut health in production animals written by Mike Kogut and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-08-22 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimal gut health is of vital importance to the performance of production animals (fish, poultry, swine, cattle). Gut health is key to making the productivity, well-being and sustainability of animal production more efficient. Directly and indirectly, the environment is a powerful regulator of gastrointestinal physiology that decisively influences the functional state of the animal. Production animals reared under conventional conditions of intensive production are subjected to various exogenous and endogenous sources of environmental factors that can impact gut health. Exogenous factors are environmental stressors derived from external sources connected with diet, infectious disease, mycotoxin exposure, climate (heat and cold), management practices, biosecurity level, housing, litter, feed access, quality, and components. Endogenous factors are host-related such as age, sex, genetics, and breed or are made within the host’s body, such as hormones and neurotransmitters, in response to a stimulus, stressor, or trigger. Endogenous factors serve to communicate signals both locally and distantly in the body. Understanding the interactions between the diverse environmental factors and the different physiological characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract allows us to advance the understanding of gut health and the ability to regulate animal production. The spirit of this book is to critically address how the interactions of different environmental stressors, both internal and external, influence the various functions of the gastrointestinal system of production animals and to be able to use the information to advance scientific research as well as improve the use of the productive tools available.
Download or read book Gut efficiency the key ingredient in ruminant production written by Sylvie Andrieu and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally, dairy and beef production has become an extremely competitive industry. While the world milk production is predicted to grow significantly by 2020 with the emergence of new consumers in developing countries, milk and meat production in the more establish markets now has to fulfil new societal needs beside the simple product supply: animal health, food safety, and production environmental impact are some of them. At the same time, the recent extreme increase in feed costs emphasizes again the key role of rumen and gut efficiency management in production economics. All these new thematic topics are central to the proper management of ruminant digestive process. Producers must endeavour to seek new technologies to improve production efficiency, animal health and production costs while keeping in mind the environmental impact these changes make. ‘Gut efficiency; the key ingredient in ruminant production’ brings together some of the world’s leading authorities in the field of ruminant nutrition and production. It considers the importance of digestive health in performance achievement together with novel strategies to manage it. It is aimed at nutritionists, veterinarians and animal producers as well as students and researchers studying animal and applied biological sciences.
Download or read book Effects of Probiotics on the Growth Performance of Dairy Calves written by Ghanshyam Bhupal and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Probiotics and Prebiotics in Animal Health and Food Safety written by Diana Di Gioia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-27 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the role of probiotics and prebiotics in maintaining the health status of a broad range of animal groups used for food production. It also highlights the use of beneficial microorganisms as protective agents in animal derived foods. The book provides essential information on the characterization and definition of probiotics on the basis of recently released guidelines and reflecting the latest trends in bacterial taxonomy. Last but not least, it discusses the concept of “dead” probiotics and their benefits to animal health in detail. The book will benefit all professors, students, researchers and practitioners in academia and industry whose work involves biotechnology, veterinary sciences or food production.
Download or read book Poultry Nutrition written by Vincenzo Tufarelli and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-06 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this Special Issue is to publish high quality papers concerning poultry nutrition and the interrelations between nutrition, metabolism, microbiota and the health of poultry. Therefore, I invite submissions of recent findings, as original research or reviews, on poultry nutrition, including, but not limited to, the following areas: the effect of feeding on poultry meat end egg quality; nutrient requirements of poultry; the use of functional feed additives to improve gut health and immune status; microbiota; nutraceuticals; soybean meal replacers as alternative sources of protein for poultry; the effects of feeding poultry on environmental impacts; the use of feed/food by-products in poultry diet; and feed technology.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Swine written by and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each of these popular handbooks contains comprehensive information on the nutritional needs of domestic animals and includes extensive tabular data. All are paperback and 8 1/2 x 11. Some books come with diskettes or Cds that allow users to predict nutrient requirements of specific animals under various conditions and at various life stages.
Download or read book Sheep Goat and Cervid Medicine E Book written by David G. Pugh and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW! Coverage of cervids has been added to chapters throughout the book, reflecting the growing popularity of deer and elk. NEW! Thorough content updates are made throughout the book and reflect the latest research evidence. NEW! 170 new clinical photos have been added. NEW! Anesthesia and Pain Management chapter includes a new section on pain management strategies, reflecting the emphasis on controlling pain in small ruminants. NEW! Expert Consult website offers an online version of the book, making it easy to search the entire book electronically. NEW! Two new authors are respected and well-known veterinary medicine experts and educators: Dr. Misty Edmondson and Dr. Thomas Passler.
Download or read book Sustainable Animal Agriculture written by Ermias Kebreab and published by CABI. This book was released on 2013-12-13 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to meet increasing global demand for meat and animal by-products increasingly intensive animal production is necessary. Creating a sustainable system in animal agriculture that works in different production environments is a major challenge for animal scientists. This book draws together themes on sustainability that have emerged as the most pressing in recent years. Addressing practical topics such as air quality, manure management, animal feeds, production efficiency, environmental sustainability, biotechnology issues, animal welfare concerns, societal impacts and an analysis of the data used to assess the economic sustainability of farms.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Poultry written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic reference for poultry nutrition has been updated for the first time since 1984. The chapter on general considerations concerning individual nutrients and water has been greatly expanded and includes, for the first time, equations for predicting the energy value of individual feed ingredients from their proximate composition. This volume includes the latest information on the nutrient requirements of meat- and egg-type chickens, incorporating data on brown-egg strains, turkeys, geese, ducks, pheasants, Japanese quail, and Bobwhite quail. This publication also contains new appendix tables that document in detail the scientific information used to derive the nutrient requirements appearing in the summary tables for each species of bird.
Download or read book Nutrition and Functional Foods for Healthy Aging written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-02-01 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition and Functional Foods for Healthy Aging aims to equip anyone studying geriatric nutrition or working with aging adults with the latest scientific reviews of critical topics. The major objective of this book is to review, in detail, the health problems of the aged and how normal food, lifestyle, or nutritional and dietary supplements can help treat them. Nutrient requirements for optimum health and function of aging physiological systems are often quite distinct from those required for young people. The special nutrition problems of the aged are intensively researched and tested, especially as the elderly become a larger percentage of the population. Many chronic diseases and cancers are found with higher frequency in the aged, and it is also widely known that many elderly people use foods and nutrients well above the recommended daily allowance, which can be detrimental to optimal health. Explains the evidence supporting nutritional interventions relevant to age-related diseases Reviews the macro- and micro-nutrient requirements of aging adults and their variables Describes how alcohol, drugs, and caffeine can impact deficiencies, also exploring functional food and dietary supplements that can be used for prevention and treatment
Download or read book Handbook of Poultry Science and Technology Secondary Processing written by Isabel Guerrero-Legarreta and published by John Wiley and Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-30 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference for the poultry industry—Volume 2 describes poultry processing from raw meat to final retail products With an unparalleled level of coverage, the Handbook of Poultry Science and Technology provides an up-to-date and comprehensive reference on poultry processing. Volume 2: Secondary Processing covers processing poultry from raw meat to uncooked, cooked or semi-cooked retail products. It includes the scientific, technical, and engineering principles of poultry processing, methods and product categories, product manufacturing and attributes, and sanitation and safety. Volume 2: Secondary Processing is divided into seven parts: Secondary processing of poultry products—an overview Methods in processing poultry products—includes emulsions and gelations; breading and battering; mechanical deboning; marination, cooking, and curing; and non-meat ingredients Product manufacturing—includes canned poultry meat, turkey bacon and sausage, breaded product (nuggets), paste product (pâté), poultry ham, luncheon meat, processed functional egg products, and special dietary products for the elderly, the ill, children, and infants Product quality and sensory attributes—includes texture and tenderness, protein and poultry meat quality, flavors, color, handling refrigerated poultry, and more Engineering principles, operations, and equipment—includes processing equipment, thermal processing, packaging, and more Contaminants, pathogens, analysis, and quality assurance—includes microbial ecology and spoilage in poultry and poultry products; campylobacter; microbiology of ready-to-eat poultry products; and chemical and microbial analysis Safety systems in the United States—includes U.S. sanitation requirements, HACCP, U.S. enforcement tools and mechanisms
Download or read book Plant Lectins written by A. Pusztai and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume surveys the chemistry, biochemistry, biosynthesis, metabolism and pharmacological properties of lectins. Lectins, which are most commonly found in plants, are widespread natural products with striking biological activities. Their specific ability to recognise and bind to simple or complex saccharides facilitates their role as effective information protein molecules. As agents of cell-to-cell recognition, lectins promote symbiosis between plants and specific nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria. As natural defensive molecules, they can protect plants against predators such as bacteria, fungi and insects. As part of our diet, lectins are powerful exogenous growth factors in the small intestine and influence our health, the digestive function and the bacterial ecology of the alimentary tract. Lectins are also important research tools in preparative biochemistry and cell science.
Download or read book Nutrition of the Rabbit written by Carlos Blas and published by Cabi. This book was released on 2010 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rabbit production systems are important providers of meat in many parts of the world due to the species' many advantages: rapid growth rate, good reproductive performance, adaptability and ability to thrive on high fibre raw materials. They also provide angora wool, and are popular as companion animals. Bringing together international expertise in rabbit production, topics covered in this authoritative volume include digestive physiology, feed formulation and product quality as well as new contributions on innovative feeding strategies, new methods for feed processing, feed management around weaning and the relationship between nutrition and intestinal health. This book is an essential resource for researchers, practitioners and students of animal nutrition and production
Download or read book Phytogenics in Animal Nutrition written by Tobias Steiner and published by Nottingham University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on gut health in animals, his accessible study provides an overview of the potential benefits of phytogenic substances and plant-based feed additives to animal nutrition. This up-to-date and well-researched exploration focuses on the latest scientific knowledge regarding these additives and their potential use as flavoring agents and growth promoters in different animals worldwide, from pigs and poultry to ruminant mammals and aquatic species. It also highlights results from in vitro experiments as well as in vivo trials and shows how these tests have practical implication of phytogenic feeding concepts. Recognizing that the mechanisms in these additives are versatile and still need additional elucidation and scientific proof, this examination intends to help scientists and the feed industry further develop the group of feed additives.
Download or read book Plant Polyphenols written by Edwin Haslam and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1989-06-29 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
