Download or read book Effects of Prescribed Cattle Grazing on Reforestation in Oregon s Southern Cascades written by Michael G. Karl and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reforesting harvested lands in southwestern Oregon has been difficult because of low rainfall, high evaporative demand, and competitive understory vegetation. Herbicides have been a preferred method to control competing vegetation but herbicide use on federal lands was curtailed in 1984. As a result, interest in livestock grazing as a vegetation control method has increased. I used prescribed cattle grazing from 1986-1990 to assess effects on reforestation. Treatments were established on a low-elevation (670 m) site to evaluate seedling survival and growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco.) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl.). Treatments were: a) seeding of palatable forage species (SU); b) seeding with grazing (SG); c) no seeding with grazing (NG); and d) no seeding or grazing, with paper mulch applied on Douglas-fir only (PM/C). Year 5 mortality among treatments ranged from 57 to 87% for Douglas-fir and 11 to 25% for ponderosa pine. Porcupine girdling and late-spring frost were major causal factors in ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir mortality, respectively. Competition from understory vegetation, browsing, and trampling were only minor causal factors in seedling mortality. Cumulative growth of both species was best in NG. Severe browsing by cattle in year 2 on SG resulted in reduced year 3 relative growth for ponderosa pine. However, year 2 browsing did not reduce long-term relative growth. By year 5, relative growth for ponderosa pine was greatest in SG and lowest in SU. During years 1-3, soil moisture availability was not enhanced on the grazed vs. ungrazed treatments. However, by year 4, xylem potentials and soil moisture indicated seedlings in SG were less water-stressed than those in SU. Reduced water stress probably resulted from reductions in roots of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerate L.) because of defoliation. Sampling with a root periscope indicated roots were reduced for defoliated (SG) plants compared with undefoliated (SU) plants. Leaf area and root growth reductions were apparent mechanisms permitting increased soil moisture availability. These results suggested that prescribed cattle grazing can facilitate reforestation.

Download or read book Medford District Area Resource s Management Plan RMP written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wallowa Whitman National Forest N F Monument Fire Recovery Project Whitman Unit written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ochoco National Forest N F Mill Creek Allotment Management Plans written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Livestock Production on Reforestation of Western Oregon Marginal Land written by Almon Lewis Geiss and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book FIR Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tahoe National Forest N F Motorized Travel Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wildlife Habitats in Managed Forests written by Jack Ward Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: That is what this book is about. It is a framework for planning, in which habitat is the key to managing wildlife and making forest managers accountable for their actions. This book is based on the collective knowledge of one group of resource professionals and their understanding about how wildlife relate to forest habitats. And it provides a longoverdue system for considering the impacts of changes in forest structure on all resident wildlife.

Download or read book Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planted ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) seedlings in young plantations in California are at a disadvantage compared with competing shrubs, forbs, and grasses. In many instances, roots of competing plants begin expanding and exploiting the soil earlier and in greater numbers, thereby capturing the majority of available resources and lowering pine survival and growth. Competition thresholds or "how much is too much?" are: for treatments where a cleared radius is prescribed, no weeds are acceptable within the space needed for maximum growth of pine seedlings during the establishment period; for treatments involving the entire area, crown cover values of 10 to 30 percent seem to be the level beyond which shrub competition significantly affects pine growth. Methods for preparing the site, which include mechanical and chemical methods, use of fire, and combinations of treatments, show the interaction of site and ensuing vegetation. Techniques for controlling competing vegetation from seed include preventing such plants from getting started by use of preemergent herbicides or mats (collars). To prevent sprouting, hardwood trees and large shrubs can be pushed over, thereby getting the root crown out of the ground, or if still in the soil, grinding it out with a machine. Once present, the effect of weeds from seed can be minimized by grubbing or spraying when young, by grazing plants with cattle or sheep, or by introducing plants of low competitive ability. Once sprouting weeds are present, their effect can be minimized by spraying with chemicals, or if palatable, by grazing with cattle or sheep. Costs range from as low as $10 per acre ($25/ha) for aerially applying herbicides to $711 per acre ($1757/ha) for grinding out tanoak stumps.

Download or read book General Technical Report RMRS written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wildlife and Invertebrate Response to Fuel Reduction Treatments in Dry Coniferous Forests of the Western United States written by David S. Pilliod and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper synthesizes available information on the effects of hazardous fuel reduction treatments on terrestrial wildlife and invertebrates in dry coniferous forest types in the West. We focused on thinning and/or prescribed fire studies in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and dry-type Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), and mixed coniferous forests. Overall, there are tremendous gaps in information needed to evaluate the effects of fuel reduction on the majority of species found in our focal area. Differences among studies in location, fuel treatment type and size, and pre- and post-treatment habitat conditions resulted in variability in species responses. In other words, a species may respond positively to fuel reduction in one situation and negatively in another. Despite these issues, a few patterns did emerge from this synthesis. In general, fire-dependent species, species preferring open habitats, and species that are associated with early successional vegetation or that consume seeds and fruit appear to benefit from fuel reduction activities. In contrast, species that prefer closed-canopy forests or dense understory, and species that are closely associated with those habitat elements that may be removed or consumed by fuel reductions, will likely be negatively affected by fuel reductions. Some habitat loss may persist for only a few months or a few years, such as understory vegetation and litter that recover quickly. The loss of large-diameter snags and down wood, which are important habitat elements for many wildlife and invertebrate species, may take decades to recover and thus represent some of the most important habitat elements to conserve during fuel reduction treatments. Management activities that consider the retention of habitat structures (such as snags, down wood, and refugia of untreated stands) may increase habitat heterogeneity and may benefit the greatest number of species in the long run.

Download or read book Management of Western Dwarf Mistletoe in Ponderosa and Jeffrey Pines in Forest Recreation Areas written by Robert F. Scharpf and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Forestry Bibliography 1981 84 Indexes written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book General Technical Report PSW written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fire in California s Ecosystems written by Neil G. Sugihara and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2006-11-29 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on California and issues specific to fire ecology and management in the state's bioregions, this work provides scientific information for use in land restoration and other management decisions made in the field. It introduces the basics of fire ecology, and includes an overview of fire, vegetation and climate in California; and more.