Download or read book Effects of Prepartum Nutrition and Sire on Endocrine Profiles During Late Gestation and on Cow and Calf Performance written by Garth Winston Boyd and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Prepartum Plane of Nutrition During Mid Or Late Gestation on Beef Cow BW BCS Blood Hormone Concentrations and Preimplantation Embryo written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation During Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow calf Performance written by Christopher Robert Muegge and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angus x Simmental cows (n = 48, BW = 594 kg, BCS = 5.26, Age = 2.7), pregnant with male fetuses, were used to determine the effect selenium (Se) source during the last 80 d of gestation and first 108 d of lactation on progeny feedlot performance. At 203 d in gestation, cows were blocked by body weight, age, breed composition, and calf sire, and allotted to 1 of 3 treatments: no Se, inorganic Se, or organic Se. Maternal diets were formulated to contain 10.4% CP and 0.90 Mcal/kg NEg during gestation and 12.1% CP and 1.01 Mcal/kg NEg during lactation. Basal diets contained 0.07 and 0.11 mg/kg Se for gestation and lactation diets; respectively. Diets were fed daily as a total mixed ration and Se was provided in a top-dress containing 0, 0.30 mg/kg Se as sodium selenite, or 0.30 mg/kg Se as Sel-PlexRTM. Treatment diets were fed through 108 d post-partum (DPP). At 68 DPP milk production was calculated using the weigh-suckle-weigh procedure and a milk sample was collected was at 62 DPP to determine composition. At 108 DPP cow-calf pairs were commingled until weaning at 216 DPP. At 28 d post-weaning, steers (n = 47, BW = 301 kg) were placed in individual pens and fed a diet formulated to provide 13.9% CP, 1.24 Mcal/kg NEg, and 0.10 mg/kg Se. The diet was delivered as total mixed ration once daily. Cow weight and BCS and calf birth weight did not differ at the beginning of the trial (P ≥ 0.55). Cow BW and BCS (P ≥ 0.85) did not differ between treatments at any time point during the study. Milk production, milk fat, and total solids ( P ≥ 0.38) did not differ among treatments. Milk protein tended to increase in cows fed inorganic Se compared to cows fed organic Se ( P = 0.07) and milk lactose tended to be greatest in cows fed organic Se (P = 0.10). Conception to AI and overall pregnancy rates did not differ between the diets (P ≥ 0.39). Calf weights and ADG did not differ for the 105 d experimental period (P ≥ 0.77) or for the entire pre-weaning period (P ≥ 0.33). Plasma Se concentration did not differ between treatments for the cows ( P ≥ 0.37). Liver Se concentration in cows fed inorganic and organic Se treatment were significantly greater than that of cows from the control treatment (P

Download or read book Impact of Nutritional Management Regimen and Residual Feed Intake on Cow Performance During Mid to Late Gestation and Pre weaning Calf Performance written by Katelyn Spence and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examined the impact of strategic supplementation of straw-based diets with an energy-protein supplement and previously established residual feed intake (RFI) classification on beef cow performance (body weight, condition, feed intake, reproductive performance) in mid to late gestation and pre-weaning calf performance. Nutritional management regimens included nutrient adequate and deficient diets, along with examining frequency of supplementation to correct nutrient deficient diets. RFI classification was used to measure feed efficiency. RFI classification changes between years, and second and third trimesters were evaluated to establish influence of nutritional management regimen. Blood parameters were evaluated to assess effects of strategic supplementation in late gestation. The overall objective of the study was to evaluate how supplementation of low quality feed stuffs affects cow performance. The overall goal was to reduce the cost of production in beef cow-calf operations, with the use of more feed efficient cows and low quality feed stuffs.

Download or read book Effects of Nutritional Management Regimen and Residual Feed Intake Rank on Cow Performance During Mid to Late Gestation and Pre weaning Calf Performance written by Joshua Devos and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study's main objective was to determine whether strategic supplementation of low-quality roughage diets was sufficient for cows to bear and wean a healthy calf on a yearly basis and maintain overall performance, for the ultimate goal of increasing profitability for cow-calf producers. Residual feed intake (RFI) classification was also examined, including the extent of reranking across three years and physiological phases when different nutritional management regimens were used. Mid to late gestation cows were fed diets adequate or deficient in energy, along with testing supplementation frequency. While strategic supplementation of low-quality roughage diets was able to maintain body condition, reproductive performance, and serum metabolites, gains and feed intake were greater for cows fed a 70% haylage/30% straw diet fed ad libitum. Extensive reranking of RFI classification occurred due to effects of year along with nutritional management regimen. RFI classification in 2015 did not affect 2016 and 2017 cow performance.

Download or read book Nutritional Management of Beef Cows During Late Gestation to Enhance Offspring Productivity written by Rodrigo Da Silva Marques and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments evaluated nutritional management of late-gestating beef cows to enhance offspring productivity. The objective of experiment 1 was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic Cu, Mn, Zn, and Co supplementation to beef cows during late-gestation on performance and physiological responses of the offspring. The objective of experiment 2 was to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected essential fatty acid (EFA) supplementation to beef cows during the last trimester of gestation on performance and physiological responses of the offspring. In experiment 1, 84 multiparous, non-lactating, pregnant Angus × Hereford cows were ranked by pregnancy type (AI = 56 and natural service = 28), BW, and BCS, and allocated to 21 drylot pens at the end of their 2nd trimester of gestation (day 0). Pens were assigned to receive forage-based diets containing: 1) sulfate sources of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (INR), 2) an organic complexed source of Cu, Mn, Co, and Zn (AAC; Availa®4; Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN), or 3) no supplemental Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (CON). Diets were offered from day (d) 0 until calving and formulated to meet requirements for energy, protein, macrominerals, Se, I, and vitamins. The INR and AAC diets provided the same daily amount of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn. Cow BW and BCS were recorded, and liver samples were collected on d -10 and 2 weeks (wk; d 75) before the calving season. Within 3 h after calving, calf BW was recorded, liver samples were collected, and the expelled placenta was retrieved (n = 47 placentas). Calves were weaned on d 283 of the experiment, preconditioned for 45 d (d 283 to 328), transferred to a growing lot on d 328, and moved to a finishing lot on d 440 where they remained until slaughter. Liver Co, Cu, and Zn concentrations on d 75 were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for INR and AAC compared with CON cows, whereas INR had reduced (P = 0.04) liver Co but greater (P = 0.03) liver Cu compared with AAC cows. In placental cotyledons, Co concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in AAC and INR compared with CON cows, whereas Cu concentrations were only increased (P = 0.05) in AAC compared with CON cows. Calves from INR and AAC had greater (P

Download or read book Impacts of Late Gestational Tall Fescue Forage Systems on Preweaning Calves written by Katlyn Nicole Niederecker and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 2-yr experiment was conducted researching the impact of common lower Midwestern beef cattle winter forage systems on late gestation, spring-calving beef cows and their subsequent calves. We hypothesized that cows grazing stockpiled tall fescue (STF) during late gestation would have increased nutrient intake compared to cows fed summer-baled tall fescue hay (HAY), which would result in improved fetal growth and development, as well as subsequent calf performance and metabolic status. Overall, cows consuming HAY lost more BCS prepartum than cows consuming STF. In yr 2 HAY cows gained more BW prepartum than STF cows, but there was no difference between forage systems in yr 1. Calves born to cows consuming HAY weighed less at birth than calves born to STF cows, suggesting decreased fetal growth. Despite this, in yr 2 there were no differences in calf vigor measures at birth or in triiodothyronine, thyroxine, or cortisol concentrations at 48 h. Additionally, calves born to HAY cows tended to weigh less at d 80 than STF in yr 1, but in yr 2 there was no difference. During yr 1 blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was greater at 48 h for calves born to cows consuming STF and plasma glucose concentrations tended to be greater through weaning for STF calves. Despite this, impacts of late gestation maternal nutrition on calf amino acid concentrations at 48 h varied. In conclusion, grazing stockpiled tall fescue in late gestation appears to improve fetal growth and alter perinatal nutrient supply in calves.

Download or read book Evaluating the Effects of Pre and Post AI Nutrition on Embryo Quality and Reproductive Efficiency of Beef Cattle written by Ricardo P. Arias and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of nutrition during late gestation and after insemination, as well as the effects of energy reserves on reproductive function of the beef female and subsequent growth and reproductive function of their offspring were investigated. The aims of this research were: 1) to evaluate how a change in nutritional intake immediately after insemination would affect pregnancy success and concentrations of hormonal mediators, IGF-I and progesterone, 2) to determine the influence that postpartum energy reserves have on embryo viability, early embryonic development, and embryo quality, and 3) to evaluate the impact that maternal protein supplementation of irrigated meadow grass hay during the last trimester of gestation has on cow BW and BCS, calf birth and weaning BW, conception rates of heifer offspring, and feedlot performance of steer offspring. Findings from Chapter III show that suppression in nutritional plane of heifers during the 21-d following AI has a negative impact on heifer performance, circulating concentrations of IGF-I, and AI pregnancy rates. Thus, it is biologically beneficial to ensure that heifers maintain their pre-breeding plane of nutrition during the 21-d following AI. Chapter IV presents evidence that cows with BCS 5.4 tend to produce more total embryos after a superovulation program compared to cows BCS 4.3. Additionally, peripheral concentrations of IGF-I were greatest in cows with a BCS 5.4, which may be an indicator of a more suitable environment in the uterus for further development of an embryo. In Chapter V, cows supplemented with protein during the last trimester of gestation had a greater BW gain and BCS change by calving time. Weaning BW of calves born to protein supplemented dams was greater when compared to calves from non-supplemented cows. There was a trend for pregnancy rates of heifers born supplemented dams to be 16 percentage points greater (95% vs. 79%). And although dam supplementation did not seem to affect intakes, gains, feed efficiency or carcass characteristics on the male progeny in this study, advantages have been observed other peer-reviewed research studies that support the concept that late gestation supplementation can have an impact subsequent progeny.

Download or read book Influence of Prepartum Nutrition on Cow Performance and Subsequent Calf Performance Glucose Tolerance Carcass Characteristics Efficiency and Gene Expression written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Late Gestation Supplementation and Creep Feeding on Spring Calving Beef Cows in the Nebraska Sandhills written by Devin Lynn Broadhead and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this research were to 1) evaluate the effects of late gestation supplementation, synchronization and creep feeding on cow and calf production traits 2) evaluate the pooled effects of 5 studies involving late gestation supplementation on cow and calf traits. Experiment 1 was a three year study conducted on 8 pastures at the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory. Cows were assigned to 1 of 4 late-gestation supplementation treatments, postpartum progestin or control, and 1 of 2 creep feed treatments to make up a 4 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Calves were followed through to slaughter. Experiment 2 involved 5 studies all conducted at the UNL Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory. Studies were pooled based on similar treatments of late gestation supplementation on dormant upland pasture or meadow and different weaning periods. Cow and calf data was analyzed for various traits. Within Experiment 1 all three levels of supplementation increased cow BW and BCS, while the non-supplemented decreased in both. Supplementation treatments did not affect reproductive efficiency such as calving date, calving rate, weaning rate or pregnancy rate. Synchronization had similar results as there were no effects on reproductive measures or calf BW. Supplementation to cows had no effect on calf production traits through slaughter. Creep feeding calves significantly increased calf BW at weaning, yield grade and 12th rib fat. However on a cost/ benefit analysis creep feeding under these conditions added no value on profitability. Different results were achieved with the larger data set of late gestation supplementation. The pooled analysis demonstrated significant effects from supplementation on cow pregnancy rate, adjusted calf BW at weaning but no effect on carcass characteristics. March systems had a higher average pair feed cost but lower cow replacement cost compared to May. The March calving system had higher average net returns based on 9 yrs of market data compared to a May calving system. These studies indicate the effect and importance of late gestation supplementation on cow and calf productivity in a spring calving herd. Cow-calf producers should carefully consider calving system utilization based on their unique production goals.

Download or read book Effects of Late Gestation Maternal Protein Supplementation on Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Angus and Waygu Progeny written by Natasha Moffitt-Hemmer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Pacific Northwest, it is common for cow-calf producers to feed wheat straw, resulting in a low protein diet during late gestation. Supplementation during late gestation has the potential to counteract the low protein diets and improve carcass and growth traits of beef animals. Because of this, the following study evaluated the effects of late gestation supplementation of protein (85 % NRC metabolizable protein requirements=control or 108 % NRC metabolizable protein requirements =Supplemented) and calf breed (Angus or Wagyu) on progeny growth performance and carcass traits and how those traits influence economic returns (NRC, 2016). Angus cross bred cows (621 ± 73 kg) were bred to one of three sires, one Angus bull (n = 21 cows) and two Wagyu bulls (n = 21 cows). These cows were then randomly distributed to either the control group or supplemented for the last 90 days of pregnancy, with breed equalized. At the time of weaning, offspring were moved to the feedlot, managed together, and harvested at 576.5 ± 16.6 kg. Within the Wagyu progeny, the supplemented calves had increased 205 d adjusted weaning weights (P

Download or read book The effect of plane of nutrition during late pregnancy in beef cows and during the first year of life in beef cattle on subsequent animal performance written by Michael J. Drennan and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Influence of Maternal Prepartum Nutrition and Breed of Sire on Endocrine and Physiological Parameters in Beef Females and Their Progeny written by Larry R. Corah and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Prepartum Dam Energy Source on Progeny Growth Glucose Tolerance and Carcass Composition in Beef and Sheep written by Amy E. Radunz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A series of experiments were conducted in cattle and sheep to investigate the effects of prepartum dietary energy source during gestation on progeny growth, glucose tolerance, and carcass composition. The three dietary energy sources fed to dams at isoenergetic intakes were used for the experiments; hay or haylage (fiber, HAY); corn (starch, CORN); or dried distiller grains (fiber plus fat, DDGS). In the first experiment beef cows were used to determine the effects of late gestation dietary energy source on fetal growth and maternal nutrient supply. Cows fed HAY and CORN achieved the experimental objective of having similar body weight and body condition score change during late gestation, however, cows fed DDGS had greater body weight gain. Calves from cows fed CORN and DDGS had heavier birth weights than calves from cows fed HAY. Differences in progeny birth weight were still evident upon entry into the feedlot, as body weights were heavier for calves from cows fed CORN and DDGS than from those fed HAY. In contrast to arrival at the feedlot, carcass weights were lighter for calves from cows fed DDGS verses CORN or HAY. Growth rate was not different among treatments from birth to slaughter, but calves from dams fed CORN were slaughtered at a younger age than calves from cows fed HAY or DDGS. Measures of carcass yield were not affected by treatment, whereas intramuscular fat was greater in calves from dams fed DDGS or HAY than from those fed CORN. In addition, initial insulin secretion in response to a glucose tolerance test was greater in calves from dams fed HAY than calves from dams fed CORN or DDGS. In the second experiment, mature ewes were fed three dietary treatments in mid- to late-gestation similar to the first experiment. During mid-gestation ewe body weight gain and body condition score were similar among treatments and met the experimental objective. Lamb birth weights tended to be greater in lambs from ewes fed CORN and DDGS than in lambs from ewes fed HAY. Increased glucose and amino acid supply, as indicated by maternal metabolic status, could explain the increase in birth weight in lambs from ewes fed DDGS and CORN compared with that of lambs from ewes fed HAY. Overall growth rate from birth to slaughter was not different among treatments. Lambs from ewes fed DDGS vs. lambs from ewes fed CORN or HAY tended to have a greater initial insulin secretion due to glucose infusion in the glucose tolerance test. No difference was detected in HCW, fat thickness, proportion of seam fat, or intramuscular fat content among treatments. However, lambs from ewes fed DDGS vs. lambs from ewes fed CORN or HAY had a greater proportion of internal fat, less muscle, and lower calculated boneless trimmed retail cut percentage. In all experiments, prepartum energy source did not adversely affect postpartum cow or ewe performance. Together these results suggest prepartum energy sources, which may increase maternal glucose and amino acid supply to the fetus, impact fetal growth and alter postnatal insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue development.

Download or read book The Effect of Plane of Nutrition During Late Pregnancy in Beef Cows and During the First Year of Life in Beef Cattle on Subsequent Animal Performance written by Michael J. Drennan and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of High Versus Low Dietary Energy Immediately Prepartum on the Performance of the Dairy Cow Early in Lactation written by Jaime R. Moya-́Guzmań and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ruminant Physiology written by Pierre Cronjé and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology (ISRP) is the premier forum for presentation and discussion of advances in knowledge of the physiology of ruminant animals. This book brings together edited versions of the keynote review papers presented at the symposium.