Download or read book Effects of Prepartum Dam Energy Source on Progeny Growth Glucose Tolerance and Carcass Composition in Beef and Sheep written by Amy E. Radunz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A series of experiments were conducted in cattle and sheep to investigate the effects of prepartum dietary energy source during gestation on progeny growth, glucose tolerance, and carcass composition. The three dietary energy sources fed to dams at isoenergetic intakes were used for the experiments; hay or haylage (fiber, HAY); corn (starch, CORN); or dried distiller grains (fiber plus fat, DDGS). In the first experiment beef cows were used to determine the effects of late gestation dietary energy source on fetal growth and maternal nutrient supply. Cows fed HAY and CORN achieved the experimental objective of having similar body weight and body condition score change during late gestation, however, cows fed DDGS had greater body weight gain. Calves from cows fed CORN and DDGS had heavier birth weights than calves from cows fed HAY. Differences in progeny birth weight were still evident upon entry into the feedlot, as body weights were heavier for calves from cows fed CORN and DDGS than from those fed HAY. In contrast to arrival at the feedlot, carcass weights were lighter for calves from cows fed DDGS verses CORN or HAY. Growth rate was not different among treatments from birth to slaughter, but calves from dams fed CORN were slaughtered at a younger age than calves from cows fed HAY or DDGS. Measures of carcass yield were not affected by treatment, whereas intramuscular fat was greater in calves from dams fed DDGS or HAY than from those fed CORN. In addition, initial insulin secretion in response to a glucose tolerance test was greater in calves from dams fed HAY than calves from dams fed CORN or DDGS. In the second experiment, mature ewes were fed three dietary treatments in mid- to late-gestation similar to the first experiment. During mid-gestation ewe body weight gain and body condition score were similar among treatments and met the experimental objective. Lamb birth weights tended to be greater in lambs from ewes fed CORN and DDGS than in lambs from ewes fed HAY. Increased glucose and amino acid supply, as indicated by maternal metabolic status, could explain the increase in birth weight in lambs from ewes fed DDGS and CORN compared with that of lambs from ewes fed HAY. Overall growth rate from birth to slaughter was not different among treatments. Lambs from ewes fed DDGS vs. lambs from ewes fed CORN or HAY tended to have a greater initial insulin secretion due to glucose infusion in the glucose tolerance test. No difference was detected in HCW, fat thickness, proportion of seam fat, or intramuscular fat content among treatments. However, lambs from ewes fed DDGS vs. lambs from ewes fed CORN or HAY had a greater proportion of internal fat, less muscle, and lower calculated boneless trimmed retail cut percentage. In all experiments, prepartum energy source did not adversely affect postpartum cow or ewe performance. Together these results suggest prepartum energy sources, which may increase maternal glucose and amino acid supply to the fetus, impact fetal growth and alter postnatal insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue development.
Download or read book Beef Cattle Production Systems written by Andy D. Herring and published by CABI. This book was released on 2014-10-24 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides an integrated view of beef cattle production with a systems based approach, discussing the interrelationships of a broad range of aspects with the overall goal of optimising cattle production. This book provides the background to allow cattle producers to match their production environments with genetic, management, and marketing opportunities for sustainable beef production globally. This logic and resulting considerations can then be tailored to address specific regional challenges and opportunities worldwide. Considerations and examples for extreme situations will be provided, such as very small herds, very large herds, communal-group situations, and minimal artificial input systems.
Download or read book Effects of Gestational Energy Source on Feedlot Performance Glucose Tolerance and Carcass Traits of Progeny written by Lindsay M. Shoup and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Effects of maternal energy source during gestation on postnatal growth and metabolism of progeny has not been well described. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of hay (HAY), corn (CORN), or dried distillers grains (DDGS) fed to cows in late-gestation on progeny post-weaning growth, glucose tolerance, and carcass characteristics. Angus-cross cows (n = 84; BW = 620 +̲ 12 kg) were blocked by BW and allotted to 4 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were fed at isocaloric intakes from 155 to 272 d of gestation. Following parturition, cows and calves were fed and managed as 1 group. Post-weaning, steers (n = 27) and heifers (n = 27) were transported to the feedlot, housed in individual pens, and fed a common diet which contained 50% cracked corn, 20% DDGS, 15% corn silage, and 15% supplement (DM basis). A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was conducted on calves (n = 12) on d 41 and d 111 after feedlot arrival and blood samples (n = 7) from each calf were collected from 5 to 120 min post-glucose intravenous infusion (0.25 g of glucose/kg of BW). Calves were slaughtered at a 12th rib fat thickness of 1.2 +̲ 0.05 cm as determined via ultrasound. Gestational diet did not affect (P>̲ 0.30) progeny feedlot performance (initial BW, final BW, DMI, ADG, or G:F). During the GTT, fasting concentration and area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin were not affected (P>̲ 0.47) by treatment. Glucose clearance rate was greater (P = 0.01) in progeny from dams fed CORN than progeny from dams fed HAY or DDGS. Initial insulin response was greatest to least (P 0.01) for calves from cows fed CORN, DDGS, and HAY, respectively. Fasting insulin, insulin AUC, glucose AUC, and glucose clearance rate were all greater (P
Download or read book Biology of Domestic Animals written by Colin G. Scanes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is increasing interest in the biology of domestic animals ranging from genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, nutritional physiology, and systems biology. This book touches on all of these, with a particular focus on topics such as domestic animals as comparative models to humans, molecular regulation of growth, metabolic efficiency, reproduction, and the impact of stress on growth and development. The book concludes with a discussion on the current and future directions for researchers.
Download or read book The Effects of Diet on Metabolizable Energy Utilization and Carcass Composition in Beef Cattle and Sheep written by Denise Elizabeth Kirkpatrick and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1992-10 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle written by Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-16 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As members of the public becomes more concious of the food they consume and its content, higher standards are expected in the preparation of such food. The updated seventh edition of Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle explores the impact of cattle's biological, production, and environmental diversities, as well as variations on nutrient utilization and requirements. More enhanced than previous editions, this edition expands on the descriptions of cattle and their nutritional requirements taking management and environmental conditions into consideration. The book clearly communicates the current state of beef cattle nutrient requirements and animal variation by visually presenting related data via computer-generated models. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle expounds on the effects of beef cattle body condition on the state of compensatory growth, takes an in-depth look at the variations in cattle type, and documents the important effects of the environment and stress on food intake. This volume also uses new data on the development of a fetus during pregnancy to prescribe nutrient requirements of gestating cattle more precisely. By focusing on factors such as product quality and environmental awareness, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle presents standards and advisements for acceptable nutrients in a complete and conventional manner that promotes a more practical understanding and application.
Download or read book Managing the Prenatal Environment to Enhance Livestock Productivity written by Paul L. Greenwood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-27 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prenatal life is the period of maximal development in animals, and it is well recognised that factors that alter development can have profound effects on the embryonic, fetal and postnatal animal. Scientists involved in research on livestock productivity have for decades studied postnatal consequences of fetal development on productivity. Recently, however, there has been a surge in interest in how to manage prenatal development to enhance livestock health and productivity. This has occurred largely due to the studies that show human health in later life can be influenced by events during prenatal life, and establishment of the Fetal Origins and the Thrifty Phenotype Hypotheses. This book, Managing the Prenatal Environment to Enhance Livestock Productivity reviews phenotypic consequences of prenatal development, and provides details of mechanisms that underpin these effects in ruminants, pigs and poultry. The chapters have been divided into three parts: Quantification of prenatal effects on postnatal productivity, mechanistic bases of postnatal consequences of prenatal development and regulators of fetal and neonatal nutrient supply. Managing the Prenatal Environment to Enhance Livestock Productivity is a reference from which future research to improve the level of understanding and capacity to enhance productivity, health and efficiency of livestock in developing and developed countries will evolve. It is particularly timely given the development of molecular technologies that are providing new insight into regulation and consequences of growth and development of the embryo, fetus and neonate.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1944, the National Research Council (NRC) has published seven editions of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. This reference has guided nutritionists and other professionals in academia and the cattle and feed industries in developing and implementing nutritional and feeding programs for beef cattle. The cattle industry has undergone considerable changes since the seventh revised edition was published in 2000 and some of the requirements and recommendations set forth at that time are no longer relevant or appropriate. The eighth revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle builds on the previous editions. A great deal of new research has been published during the past 14 years and there is a large amount of new information for many nutrients. In addition to a thorough and current evaluation of the literature on the energy and nutrient requirements of beef in all stages of life, this volume includes new information about phosphorus and sulfur contents; a review of nutritional and feeding strategies to minimize nutrient losses in manure and reduce greenhouse gas production; a discussion of the effect of feeding on the nutritional quality and food safety of beef; new information about nutrient metabolism and utilization; new information on feed additives that alter rumen metabolism and postabsorptive metabolism; and future areas of needed research. The tables of feed ingredient composition are significantly updated. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle represents a comprehensive review of the most recent information available on beef cattle nutrition and ingredient composition that will allow efficient, profitable, and environmentally conscious beef production.
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-02-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the years since the third edition of this indispensable reference was published, a great deal has been learned about the nutritional requirements of common laboratory species: rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, and vole. The Fourth Revised Edition presents the current expert understanding of the lipid, carbohydrate, protein, mineral, vitamin, and other nutritional needs of these animals. The extensive use of tables provides easy access to a wealth of comprehensive data and resource information. The volume also provides an expanded background discussion of general dietary considerations. In addition to a more user-friendly organization, new features in this edition include: A significantly expanded section on dietary requirements for rats, reporting substantial new findings. A new section on nutrients that are not required but that may produce beneficial results. New information on growth and reproductive performance among the most commonly used strains of rats and mice and on several hamster species. An expanded discussion of diet formulation and preparationâ€"including sample diets of both purified and natural ingredients. New information on mineral deficiency and toxicity, including warning signs. This authoritative resource will be important to researchers, laboratory technicians, and manufacturers of laboratory animal feed.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 1248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Feed efficiency in swine written by John F. Patience and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Feed efficiency in swine' has been prepared as a comprehensive treatise on the current state of our understanding of this topic which is so important to the pork industry. Each chapter is written by international authorities who understand both the science and application of their topic area. The book provides detailed insight into the many factors affecting feed efficiency, ranging from diet processing to herd health, from nutrition to physiology and from day-to-day barn management to the adoption of advanced technologies. The authors explain such practical aspects as the challenge of interpreting feed efficiency information obtained on farm or the role of liquid feeding. The authors also delve into more scientific topics such as amino acid or energy metabolism or animal physiology. This book is written for people who have a technical interest in pork production, including nutritionists, geneticists, farm management specialists, veterinarians, other academics and, of course, pork producers.
Download or read book Free Fatty Acid Receptors written by Graeme Milligan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-08 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the important role free fatty acids (FFA) play as potential drug targets. While FFA have long been considered byproducts of cell metabolism, they are now recognized as ligands that regulate cell and tissue function via G-protein-coupled receptors. At least three receptors have been identified for which FFA appear to be the endogenous ligands.
Download or read book Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-03-31 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 2050 the world's population is projected to grow by one-third, reaching between 9 and 10 billion. With globalization and expected growth in global affluence, a substantial increase in per capita meat, dairy, and fish consumption is also anticipated. The demand for calories from animal products will nearly double, highlighting the critical importance of the world's animal agriculture system. Meeting the nutritional needs of this population and its demand for animal products will require a significant investment of resources as well as policy changes that are supportive of agricultural production. Ensuring sustainable agricultural growth will be essential to addressing this global challenge to food security. Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability identifies areas of research and development, technology, and resource needs for research in the field of animal agriculture, both nationally and internationally. This report assesses the global demand for products of animal origin in 2050 within the framework of ensuring global food security; evaluates how climate change and natural resource constraints may impact the ability to meet future global demand for animal products in sustainable production systems; and identifies factors that may impact the ability of the United States to meet demand for animal products, including the need for trained human capital, product safety and quality, and effective communication and adoption of new knowledge, information, and technologies. The agricultural sector worldwide faces numerous daunting challenges that will require innovations, new technologies, and new ways of approaching agriculture if the food, feed, and fiber needs of the global population are to be met. The recommendations of Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability will inform a new roadmap for animal science research to meet the challenges of sustainable animal production in the 21st century.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
