Download or read book Effects of Preflame Reactions on the Detonability of Fuel Air Mixtures written by Milo Duncan Bell and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Detonation Properties of Fuel air Mixtures for Use in Reaction Propulsion written by Gerhard Damkoehler and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tests of fuel air mixtures were made to determine criterion for conversion of normal flaming combustion into detonation. Addition of knock-increasing agents does not appreciably affect detonation point. If compressed air is used to increase thrust, it is more advantageous to mix this air directly with the combustion mixture than to add it to the original volume of air prior to mixing.
Download or read book Combustion of Fuels written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gaseous Detonations written by M.A. Nettleton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My introduction to the fascinating phenomena associated with detonation waves came through appointments as an external fellow at the Department of Physics, University College of Wales, and at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds. Very special thanks for his accurate guidance through the large body of information on gaseous detonations are due to Professor D. H. Edwards of University College of Wales. Indeed, the onerous task of concisely enumerating the key features of unidimensional theories of detonations was undertaken by him, and Chapter 2 is based on his initial draft. When the text strays to the use of we, it is a deserved acknow ledgement of his contribution. Again, I should like to thank Professor D. Bradley of Leeds University for his enthusiastic encouragement of my efforts at developing a model of the composition limits of detonability through a relationship between run-up distance and composition of the mixture. The text has been prepared in the context of these fellowships, and I am grateful to the Central Electricity Generating Board for its permission to accept these appointments.
Download or read book Researches on Preliminary Chemical Reactions in Spark Ignition Engines written by E. Muehlner and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical reactions can demonstrably occur in a fuel-air mixture compressed in the working cylinder of an Otto-cycle (spark ignition) internal-combustion engine even before the charge is ignited by the flame proceeding from the sparking plug. These are the so-called "prelinminary reactions" ("pre-flame" combustion or oxidation), and an exact knowledge of their characteristic development is of great importance for a correct appreciation of the phenomena of engine-knock (detonation), and consequently for its avoidance. Such reactions can be studied either in a working engine cylinder or in a combustion bomb. The first method necessitates a complicated experimental technique, while the second has the disadvantage of enabling only a single reaction to be studied at one time. Consequently, a new series of experiments was inaugurated, conducted in a motored (externally-driven) experimental engine of mixture-compression type, without ignition, the resulting preliminary reactions being detectable and measurable thermometrically.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 1532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Researches on Preliminary Chemical Reactions in Spark ignition Engines written by E. Mühlner and published by . This book was released on 1943 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical reactions can demonstrably occur in a fuel-air mixture compressed in the working cylinder of an Otto-cycle (spark ignition) internal-combustion engine even before the charge is ignited by the flame proceeding from the sparking plug. These are the so-called "preliminary reactions" ("pre-flame" combustion or oxidation), and an exact knowledge of their characteristic development is of great importance for a correct appreciation of the phenomena of engine-knock (detonation), and consequently for its avoidance. Such reactions can be studied either in a working engine cylinder or in a combustion bomb. The first method necessitates a complicated experimental technique, while the second has the disadvantage of enabling only a single reaction to be studied at one time. Consequently, a new series of experiments was inaugurated, conducted in a motored (externally-driven) experimental engine of mixture-compression type, without ignition, the resulting preliminary reactions being detectable and measurable thermometrically.
Download or read book Investigation of Fire and Explosion Accidents in the Chemical Mining and Fuel related Industries written by Bernard J. Scheiner and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES written by H. N. GUPTA and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a comprehensive introduction to the basics of Internal Combustion Engines, this book is suitable for: Undergraduate-level courses in mechanical engineering, aeronautical engineering, and automobile engineering. Postgraduate-level courses (Thermal Engineering) in mechanical engineering. A.M.I.E. (Section B) courses in mechanical engineering. Competitive examinations, such as Civil Services, Engineering Services, GATE, etc. In addition, the book can be used for refresher courses for professionals in auto-mobile industries. Coverage Includes Analysis of processes (thermodynamic, combustion, fluid flow, heat transfer, friction and lubrication) relevant to design, performance, efficiency, fuel and emission requirements of internal combustion engines. Special topics such as reactive systems, unburned and burned mixture charts, fuel-line hydraulics, side thrust on the cylinder walls, etc. Modern developments such as electronic fuel injection systems, electronic ignition systems, electronic indicators, exhaust emission requirements, etc. The Second Edition includes new sections on geometry of reciprocating engine, engine performance parameters, alternative fuels for IC engines, Carnot cycle, Stirling cycle, Ericsson cycle, Lenoir cycle, Miller cycle, crankcase ventilation, supercharger controls and homogeneous charge compression ignition engines. Besides, air-standard cycles, latest advances in fuel-injection system in SI engine and gasoline direct injection are discussed in detail. New problems and examples have been added to several chapters. Key Features Explains basic principles and applications in a clear, concise, and easy-to-read manner Richly illustrated to promote a fuller understanding of the subject SI units are used throughout Example problems illustrate applications of theory End-of-chapter review questions and problems help students reinforce and apply key concepts Provides answers to all numerical problems
Download or read book Bulletin written by United States. Bureau of Mines and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Detonability of Hydrocarbon Air Mixtures Using Combustion Enhancing Geometries for Pulse Detonation Engines written by Neil G. Sexton and published by . This book was released on 2001-06 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research studied combustion enhancing geometries and shock reflection on generating a hydrocarbon/air detonation wave in a combustion tube. Ethylene was used as a baseline fuel to determine the preferable geometries. Propane was then used in later testing because of its combustion similarities with heavy hydrocarbon fuels such JP5, JP8, and JP10. Three criteria were used to measure the effectiveness of the combustion enhancing geometries: ability to generate a detonation, wave speed, and time for shock formation. The evaluated geometries included flow-restricting orifice plates and a Schelkin spiral. The shock reflection was accomplished by a vertical fence (large orifice) placed in the last fourth of the tube length. The optimum geometry was found to be the orifice plate used in conjunction with the spiral. Detonations occurred when using ethylene in this configuration, but did not develop when using propane. Because propane's overall reaction rate is slower than that of simpler fuels, more large- and small-scale turbulence to further enhance combustion needs to be generated to create a detonation wave in a short distance when using complex hydrocarbons, such as propane.
Download or read book Storage Stability of Gasoline written by Frank G. Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Initiation and Sensitization of Detonable Hydrocarbon Air Mixtures for Pulse Detonation Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initiation of detonation in hydrocarbon fuel-air mixtures and the effect initiation has on performance are two key issues for the assessment and progress of Pulse Detonation Engines. This report presents the results of experimental studies into the initiation of detonation and the impact of initiation on the impulse generated in a single-cycle Pulse Detonation Engine. In order to facilitate the prompt initiation of detonation, a number of chemical sensitizers were considered (nitrates, nitrogen dioxide, peroxides). None of these were shown to have a significant sensitizing effect, as quantified either by the run-up distance to detonation or by the detonation veil size. Partial reforming of the fuel/oxygen mixture via the "cool flame" process was shown to have a significant sensitizing effect, reducing the run-up distance by a factor of two and the cell size by a factor of three. This effect was transient, in that it was only observed immediately prior to the onset of cool flame. The ability to initiate an unsensitized fuel-air mixture via a turbulent jet of combustion products was demonstrated in two different facilities at different scales. Different techniques of creating a nearly instantaneous constant volume explosion in a pre-combustion chamber were investigated. These techniques were then used to drive a turbulent jet of combustion products through orifices of different geometries. The use of flame tubes was shown to be highly effective in creating constant volume explosion pressures, and the use of an annular orifice to create a centrally focused jet was found to be the most effective orifice design. The scaling for jet initiation of detonation was determined in terms of the characteristic cell size.
Download or read book Effects of fuel distribution on detonation tube performance written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Physical and Chemical Processes on Two Phase Detonations written by Pai-Lien Lu and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematic studies of the effect of additives and fuel drop size on the detonability of heptane-air mixtures have been carried out under controlled laboratory conditions and in large scale field tests. It was shown in the shock tube studies that n-propyl nitrate and butyl nitrite as well as, to a lesser extent, small drop size can greatly widen the detonation limits and reduce initiation requirements of heptane-air mixtures. Large scale field tests of explosively disseminated fuel-air clouds confirm findings obtained in the laboratory tests, demonstrating that systematic laboratory tests can be used to predict detonability and performance of any new fuel system to be used in FAE munitions. Unique schlieren photographs of the reaction zone of propagating fuel-air detonations have been successfully obtained. No blast waves are observed either in the wave of single shocked fuel drops or from drops in the reaction zones of propagating detonations with air. Apparently, the assumption that such blast waves are necessary to maintain a two-phase detonation, is incorrect. Sensitized heptane is potentially superior to fuels used in current FAE munitions, providing increased explosive performance (larger area coverage per unit weight of fuel), greater safety in transport and handling and lower procurement costs.
Download or read book Detonability of Propane air and Ethylene air Mixtures Using Combustion Enhancing Geometries for Pulse Detonation Engine Applications written by Neil G. Sexton and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research studied combustion enhancing geometries and shock reflection on generating a hydrocarbon/air detonation wave in a combustion tube. Ethylene was used as a baseline fuel to determine the preferable geometries. Propane was then used in later testing because of its combustion similarities with heavy hydrocarbon fuels such JP5, JP8, and JP10. Three criteria were used to measure the effectiveness of the combustion enhancing geometries: ability to generate a detonation, wave speed, and time for shock formation. The evaluated geometries included flow-restricting orifice plates and a Schelkin spiral. The shock reflection was accomplished by a vertical fence (large orifice) placed in the last fourth of the tube length. The optimum geometry was found to be the orifice plate used in conjunction with the spiral. Detonations occurred when using ethylene in this configuration, but did not develop when using propane. Because propane's overall reaction rate is slower than that of simpler fuels, more large- and small-scale turbulence to further enhance combustion needs to be generated to create a detonation wave in a short distance when using complex hydrocarbons, such as propane.
