Download or read book Effects of Plasma Proteins on the Sieving of Macromolecular Tracers in the Kidney written by Matthew J. Lazzara and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ultrafiltration of plasma in the mammalian glomerulus is the first step in the processing of blood by the kidney. Proper functioning of this process is critical to the kidney's ability to effectively eliminate waste and retain desirable substances. The glomerular barrier has long been regarded as both a size and charge selective screen for plasma solutes. The origin of this selectivity is found in the unique three-layered structure of the glomerular capillary wall (GCW), consisting of a fenestrated endothelium, the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium, and the shared glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The selectivity properties of the GCW have commonly been probed by measuring the sieving coefficients of a variety of tracers, both proteins and exogenous polymers, across the intact glomerular barrier and across isolated components of the GCW. It was found previously that the sieving coefficients of the tracers Ficoll and Ficoll sulfate across isolated GBM were greatly elevated when BSA was present at physiological levels (Bolton et al. 1998). It was suggested that most of this increase was the result of steric interactions between BSA and the tracers which increased tracer partitioning from the bulk into the GBM. Such an effect, if present, would have important implications for the interpretation of macromolecular sieving studies, both in vivo and in vitro. The goals of this thesis research were to model the effect of an abundant protein on the partitioning of a dissimilar tracer molecule, to incorporate that effect into models for glomerular sieving, and to test the partitioning model by measuring the effect of protein concentration on the partitioning of protein and Ficoll in agarose gels. The theoretical effects of solute size on partition coefficients in straight pores or randomly oriented fiber matrices have been investigated previously for very dilute solutions, where solute-solute interactions are negligible, and also for more concentrated solutions consisting of spherical solutes of uniform size. For concentrated solutions it has been found that steric and other repulsive interactions among solutes increase the partition coefficient above the dilute limit. To extend the results for porous or fibrous media to include concentrated mixtures of solutes with different sizes or shapes, we used an excluded volume approach. In this formulation, which describes steric interactions only, partition coefficients were computed by summing all volumes excluded to a solute molecule by virtue of its finite size, the finite size of other solutes, and the presence of fixed obstacles (pore walls or fibers). For a mixture of two spherical solutes, the addition of any second solute at finite concentration increased the partition coefficient of the first solute. That increase was sensitive to the size of the second solute; for a given volume fraction of the second solute, the smaller its radius, the larger the effect. When the total volume fraction of solutes was fixed, an increase in the amount of a second, smaller solute increased the partition coefficient of the first solute, whereas an increase in the amount of a second, larger solute had the opposite effect. Results were obtained also for oblate or prolate spheroidal solutes and for fibrous media with multiple fiber radii. For constant total fiber volume fraction, an increase in the amount of a second, smaller fiber decreased the partition coefficient of a spherical solute, whereas an increase in the amount of a second, larger fiber had the opposite effect. Overall, the theory suggests that the introduction of heterogeneity, whether as mixtures of solute sizes or mixtures of fiber sizes, may cause partition coefficients to differ markedly from those of uniform systems. Using the excluded volume partitioning model, the theory for the sieving of macromolecular tracers was extended to account for the presence of a second, abundant solute. Using that theory, we returned to the experimental data of Bolton et al. (1998) and attempted to model the effect of protein concentration on Ficoll sieving. The osmotic reduction in filtrate velocity caused by an abundant, mostly retained solute will also tend to elevate the tracer sieving coefficient. The osmotic effect alone explained only about one third of the observed increase in the sieving coefficients of Ficoll and Ficoll sulfate, whereas the effect of BSA on tracer partitioning was sufficient to account for the remainder. At physiological concentrations, predictions for tracer sieving in the presence of BSA were found to be insensitive to the assumed shape of the protein (sphere or prolate spheroid). The effect of plasma proteins on tracer partitioning is expected to influence sieving not only in isolated GBM, but also in intact glomerular capillaries in vivo. To test the predicted effects of solute concentration on the equilibrium partitioning of single macromolecules and macromolecule mixtures, measurements of the equilibrium partition coefficients of BSA and four narrow fractions of Ficoll were made in agarose. Solutions of each test macromolecule were equilibrated with a known volume of gel, final liquid concentrations measured, and partition coefficients calculated by applying a material balance. The partition coefficient of each molecule was measured under dilute conditions and under conditions where BSA was present at concentrated levels. All measurements were made for two different gel solid volume fractions (4 and 6%). As expected, the partition coefficients decreased with increasing gel solid volume fraction and with increasing molecular size. Increasing BSA concentration caused an increase in the partitioning of BSA itself and that of all four sizes of Ficoll. This effect was most significant for the largest molecules. A subset of the measurements repeated at a higher ionic strength demonstrated that electrostatic interactions were unimportant. The experimental results were compared with predictions generated from the excluded volume partitioning theory. Agarose was represented as a randomly oriented array of cylindrical fibers, BSA was modeled as a prolate spheroid, and Ficoll was treated as a sphere. Comparisons of the theoretical predictions with the experimental data produced generally good agreement, indicating that steric interactions among solute molecules and between solute molecules and gel fibers could explain the partitioning behavior.

Download or read book Seldin and Giebisch s The Kidney written by Robert J. Alpern and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 3299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A classic nephrology reference for over 25years, Seldin and Giebisch's The Kidney, is the acknowledged authority on renal physiology and pathophysiology. In this 5th edition, such new and powerful disciplines as genetics and cell biology have been deployed to deepen and widen further the explanatory framework. Not only have previous chapters been extensively updated, but new chapters have been added to incorporate additional disciplines. Individual chapters, for example, now provide detailed treatment of the significance of cilia; the role of stem cells is now given special consideration. Finally, there has been a significant expansion of the section of pathophysiology, incorporating the newer findings of cell biology and genetics. If you research the development of normal renal function or the mechanisms underlying renal disease, Seldin and Giebisch's The Kidney is your number one source for information. - Offers the most comprehensive coverage on the market of fluid and electrolyte regulation and dysregulation in 85 completely revised chapters and 10 new chapters - Includes 4sections, 62 chapters, devoted to regulation and disorders of acid-base homeostasis, and epithelial and nonepithelial transport regulation - Includes foreword by Donald Seldin and Gerhard Giebisch, world renowned names in nephrology and editors of the previous three editions

Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 1612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Brenner and Rector s The Kidney E Book written by Maarten W. Taal and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 3064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overcome the toughest clinical challenges in nephrology with the new 9th edition of Brenner/Rector’s The Kidney! A brand-new editorial team of Drs. Maarten W. Taal, Glenn M. Chertow, Philip A. Marsden, Karl Skorecki, Alan S. L. Yu, and Barry M. Brenner,, together with a diverse list of international contributors bring you the latest knowledge and best practices on every front in nephrology worldwide. Brand-new sections on Global Considerations in Nephrology and Pediatric Nephrology, as well as new chapters on recent clinical trials, cardiovascular and renal risk prediction in chronic kidney disease, identification of genetic causes of kidney disease, and many others, keep you at the forefront of this rapidly growing, ever-changing specialty. Brenner/Rector remains the go-to resource for practicing and training nephrologists and internists who wish to master basic science, pathophysiology, and clinical best practices. Broaden your knowledge base with expert, dependable, comprehensive answers for every stage of your career from the most comprehensive, definitive clinical reference in the field! Prepare for certification or recertification with a review of the basic science that underpins clinical nephrology as well as a comprehensive selection of the most important bibliographical sources in nephrology. Visually grasp and better understand critical information with the aid of over 700 full-color high-quality photographs as well as carefully chosen figures, algorithms, and tables to illustrate essential concepts, nuances of clinical presentation and technique, and decision making. Get internationally diverse, trusted guidance and perspectives from a team of well-respected global contributors, all of whom are at the top and the cutting edge of your field. A new editorial team headed by Dr. Taal and hand-picked by Dr. Brenner ensures the ongoing adherence to previous standards of excellence. Access information quickly thanks to a new, reorganized format and supplemental figures, tables, additional references, and expanded discussions. Keep current with the rapid development of care and research worldwide. A new section, "Global Considerations", focuses on regions outside Europe and North America. Leading experts from Latin America, Africa, Near and Middle East, Indian Subcontinent, Far East, Oceania and Australia present their expert insights into specific conditions, as well as progress and challenges in the development of the specialty. Improve therapy and outcomes for children with renal disease. New to this edition, "Pediatric Nephrology" addresses renal pathologies that usually present in childhood and covers topics such as Maturation of Kidney Structure and Function; Fluid; Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders in Children; Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary Tract in Children; Dialysis in Children; and Kidney Transplantation in Children. Stay up to date with all the latest clinical information including recent clinical trials, genetic causes of kidney disease, and cardiovascular and renal risk prediction in chronic kidney disease.

Download or read book The Kidney and Body Fluids in Health and Disease written by Saulo Klahr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume was designed as a text for medical students, house officers, and even clinicians. It deals with the most common problems in nephrology, providing new insight into how to improve clinical skills. A comprehensive overview of renal physiology and electrolyte disorders lays the groundwork for a clear presentation of the pathophysiological principles that underlie these disorders and a step-by-step presentation of the mechanisms behind the signs and symptoms of kidney failure. The origins of this book can be traced to the teaching of a Renal Pathophysiology course at the Washington University School of Medicine, beginning in the mid-1960s. When changes in the medical school curriculum took place in the early 1970s, an effort was made to synthesize the minimum core curriculum for sophomore medical students, and the distillation of "essential material" to be covered in the area of renal pathophysiology led to the development of the first edition of a renal syllabus. This syllabus has been used in our department since 1974, and, following some of the recommendations and critiques of students and faculty, it has been entirely reworked many times to improve its effectiveness and value. This book is a direct extension of that syllabus, integrated with contri butions from faculty members in our Renal Division, and expanded to include a section on therapy in most chapters. It is our hope that this format will serve the needs of not only sophomore and senior medical students, but also house officers, nephrology fellows, and clinicians.

Download or read book The Kidney written by Donald W. Seldin and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pediatric Nephrology written by Ellis D. Avner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-20 with total page 2059 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is an extensive update of Pediatric Nephrology, which has become the standard reference text in the field. It is global in perspective and reflects the international group of editors, who are well-recognized experts in pediatric nephrology. Within this text, the development of kidney structure and function is followed by detailed and comprehensive chapters on all childhood kidney diseases.

Download or read book Molecular and Genetic Basis of Renal Disease E Book written by David B. Mount and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2007-10-25 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This companion to Brenner and Rector's The Kidney offers a state-of-the-art summary of the most recent advances in renal genetics. Molecular and Genetic Basis for Renal Disease provides the nephrologist with a comprehensive look at modern investigative tools in nephrology research today, and reviews the molecular pathophysiology of the nephron as well as the most common genetic and acquired renal diseases. A comprehensive clinical review of Medelian renal disease is also be included. Detailed review of the molecular anatomy and pathophysiology of the nephron that provides relevant basic science to consider when diagnosing and managing patients with these disorders.

Download or read book Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis written by C. Jacobs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-22 with total page 1522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised edition of a global resource first published in 1978 and previously revised in 1989. Sixty-three contributions are arranged in sections on the pathophysiology of the uremic syndrome--principles and biophysics of dialysis; technology of dialysis and associated methods; quantification and prescription; complications; pharmacological considerations; special clinical situations; organ system and metabolic complications; and organization and results of chronic dialysis. The aim is to give understanding of the complexities of modern dialysis apparatus so that practitioners can make the best use of the technology--and so that fledgling nephrologists can avoid the temptation to by-pass the theory and the nuances. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Kidney Disease and Nephrology Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proteinuria written by Amadeo J. Pesce and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Membrane Transport and Renal Physiology written by Harold E. Layton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-08-06 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers in this volume arose out of the workshop Membrane Transport and Renal Physiology, which was conducted as part of the IMA 1998-1999 program year, Mathematics in Biology. The workshop brought together physiologists, biophysicists, and applied mathematicians who share a common interest in solute and water transport in biological systems, especially in the integrated function of the kidney. Solute and water transport through cells involves fluxes across two cell membranes, usually via specialized proteins that are integral membrane components. By means of mathematical representations, transport fluxes can be related to transmembrane solute concentrations and electrochemical driving forces. At the next level of functional integration, these representations can serve as key components for models of renal transcellular transport. Ultimately, simulations can be developed for transport-dependent aspects of overall renal function. Workshop topics included solute fluxes through ion channels, cotransporters, and metabolically-driven ion pumps; transport across fiber-matrix and capillary membranes; coordinated transport by renal epithelia; the urine concetrating mechanism; and intra-renal hemodynamic control. This volume will be of interest to biological and mathematical scientists who would like a view of recent mathematical efforts to represent membrane transport and its role in renal function.

Download or read book The Kidney written by Barry M. Brenner and published by W.B. Saunders Company. This book was released on 1991 with total page 1146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis written by R. Gokal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1994, the expert knowledge of Ram Gokal and Karl D. Nolph, the two foremost figures in the field of peritoneal dialysis, was combined to produce the first edition of the Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis. The work quickly became recognised as the `gold standard' for those working in the field. Since its conception, however, our understanding of peritoneal dialysis related physiology, kinetics and clinical outcomes, as well as the concepts of intraperitoneal chemotherapy, has increased sufficiently to make an updated and completely revised edition of the work necessary. An expansion of the editorial team by fellow-experts Ramesh Khanna and Raymond Krediet enabled an even more comprehensive approach to be taken. This second edition reasserts the book's uniqueness in its detailed discussion of the topic, making it required reading for all those working within the field of peritoneal dialysis.

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nolph and Gokal s Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis written by Ramesh Khanna and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-20 with total page 940 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth edition comprehensively covers peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis represents an intracorporeal technique for blood purification. This unique dialysis system represents one of many human attempts to manipulate nature for sustenance of life. Recent advances have focused on further improvement of the technique, which are covered in full throughout the text. During the past decade, the time during which this therapy has been increasingly utilized, the 3rd Edition has continued to be recognized as the major source of the discipline's base knowledge. The evolution of this text to its newest edition parallels the growth of peritoneal dialysis from Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis in the eighties to the current therapy that encompasses manual and automated therapies with full emphasis on adequacy of dialysis dose. Nolph and Gokal's Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis is the most in-depth publication on this dialysis technique and is an ideal resource for all clinicians practicing peritoneal dialysis.