Download or read book Effects of Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Child and Maternal Health written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Child and Maternal Health written by U.s. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-29 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the scientific-medical literature to identify, appraise, and synthesize the human evidence for the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on child and maternal health. It has been posited that the accretion of omega-3 fatty acids within the maternal biological system has the potential to influence both maternal health during pregnancy and fetal health. Likewise, it has been hypothesized that their accumulation within the post-delivery child's biological system can affect its development and health. Birth weight is the most important factor affecting neonatal morbidity and mortality, and is thus an outcome worth monitoring. Moreover, premature infants are at risk of injury to every organ system in the newborn period. Of greatest concern for infants who survive are the risks of developing permanent neurocognitive deficits that impact their lifelong health and functional capacity. Results of studies conducted on residents of the Faroe Islands suggest that marine diets, which contain omega-3 fatty acids, increase birth weight either by prolonging pregnancy8 or by increasing the fetal growth rate. Additionally, it has been hypothesized that marine oils may lower risks of certain complications of pregnancy, in particular preterm delivery, intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension, given that some of omega-3 fatty acids' presumed mechanisms of action overlap with those of aspirin. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) have been identified as important structural components of the highly specialized membrane lipids of the human central nervous system, with phospholipids of brain gray matter containing high proportions of DHA. DHA has also been observed to be the major long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC PUFA) in the outer segments of the retina's rods and cones. Based on observational studies, it has been shown that human milk fed infants have improved neurocognitive development compared to formula fed infants; it was hypothesized that one of the contributing factors may be the availability of long-chain derivatives of linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) that is present only in human milk. This difference in fatty acids intake is reflected in lower erythrocyte membrane phospholipid DHA in infants fed formula.18 Until the recent availability of infant formula with added omega-3 LC PUFAs, standard infant formula was devoid of these fatty acids. The likely significance of omega-3 fatty acids for child health is therefore suggested by the observations that (a) the human brain and retina each contain considerable amounts of omega-3 fatty acids; (b) the children delivered at term receive an important supply of omega-3 fatty acids, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy; and (c) due to a shortened gestational period, a child delivered prematurely receives less exposure to omega-3 fatty acids content than does the term child. Not surprisingly, the observation concerning preterm infants has afforded considerable empirical study of the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on the health of such infants.

Download or read book Effects of Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Child and Maternal Health written by Gabriela A. Lewin and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Omega Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-12 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has clearly established a link between omega fatty acids and general health, particularly cardiovascular health. Omega Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health, Second Edition, illustrates the importance of omega-3 fatty acids in longevity, cognitive impairment and structure and function of the brain's neurons and also the adverse effects of omega-6 fatty acids on neurological function. This book encompasses some of the most recent research on the links between omega fatty acids and the developing brain, aging, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, including the role of omega-3 fatty acid supplements on hippocampal neurogenesis, substantia nigra modulation, migraine headaches, the developing brain in animals, sleep and neurodegenerative diseases. This completely updated second edition focuses on the counterbalancing dietary and tissue omega-6 fatty acids as well as it studies the effects in pregnancy and early infancy, animal model studies and autoimmune neurological diseases. - Provides a comprehensive introduction to omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in neurological health and directions for future research - Features novel focus on the adverse effects of omega-6 fatty acids on neurological function and the counterbalancing of dietary and tissue omega-6 - Illustrates the importance of omega-3 fatty acids in longevity and cognitive impairment - Features new chapters on early effects in pregnancy and early infancy, animal model studies and autoimmune neurological diseases - Discusses links between omega fatty acids and the developing brain, aging, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, including the role of omega-3 fatty acid supplements

Download or read book Seafood Choices written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-03-09 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fragmented information that consumers receive about the nutritional value and health risks associated with fish and shellfish can result in confusion or misperceptions about these food sources. Consumers are therefore confronted with a dilemma: they are told that seafood is good for them and should be consumed in large amounts, while at the same time the federal government and most states have issued advisories urging caution in the consumption of certain species or seafood from specific waters. Seafood Choices carefully explores the decision-making process for selecting seafood by assessing the evidence on availability of specific nutrients (compared to other food sources) to obtain the greatest nutritional benefits. The book prioritizes the potential for adverse health effects from both naturally occurring and introduced toxicants in seafood; assesses evidence on the availability of specific nutrients in seafood compared to other food sources; determines the impact of modifying food choices to reduce intake of toxicants on nutrient intake and nutritional status within the U.S. population; develops a decision path for U.S. consumers to weigh their seafood choices to obtain nutritional benefits balanced against exposure risks; and identifies data gaps and recommendations for future research. The information provided in this book will benefit food technologists, food manufacturers, nutritionists, and those involved in health professions making nutritional recommendations.

Download or read book Omega 3 Fatty Acids written by Mahabaleshwar V. Hegde and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume argues for the importance of essential nutrients in our diet. Over the last two decades there has been an explosion of research on the relationship of Omega-3 fatty acids and the importance of antioxidants to human health. Expert authors discuss the importance of a diet rich in Omega-3 Fatty acids for successful human growth and development and for the prevention of disease. Chapters highlight their contribution to the prevention and amelioration of a wide range of conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, obesity, mental health and bone health. An indispensable text designed for nutritionists, dietitians, clinicians and health related professionals, Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Keys to Nutritional Health presents a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge about the nutritional effects of Omega-3 fatty acids and their delivery in foods.

Download or read book Omega 3 Fatty Acids and Maternal and Child Health written by Sydne J. Newberry and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVES: To update a prior systematic review on the effects of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) on maternal and child health and to assess the evidence for their effects on, and associations with, additional outcomes. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE(r), Embase(r), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences (CAB) Abstracts from 2000 to August 2015; eligible studies from the original report; and relevant systematic reviews. REVIEW METHODS: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of any defined dose of n-3 FA (or combination) compared to placebo, any other n-3 FA, or alternative dose with an outcome of interest conducted in pregnant or breastfeeding women or neonates (preterm or term). We also included prospective observational studies that analyzed the association between baseline n-3 FA intake or biomarker level and followup outcomes. Postnatal interventions began within a week of birth for term infants and within a week of beginning enteral or oral feeding for preterm infants. Standard methods were used for data abstraction and analysis, according to the Evidence-based Practice Center Methods Guide. RESULTS: We identified 4,275 potentially relevant titles from our searches, of which 95 RCTs and 48 observational studies met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was a concern with both RCTs and observational studies. Outcomes for which evidence was sufficient to draw a conclusion are summarized here with the Strength of Evidence (SoE). (Outcomes for which the evidence was insufficient to draw a conclusion are summarized in Appendix G of the report.)MATERNAL EXPOSURES AND OUTCOMES: Gestational length and risk for preterm birth: Prenatal algal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or DHA-enriched fish oil supplementation had a small positive effect on length of gestation (moderate SoE), but no effect on risk for preterm birth (low SoE). Prenatal EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) plus DHA-containing fish oil supplementation has no effect on length of gestation (low SoE). Supplementation with DHA, or EPA plus DHA-, or DHA-enriched fish oil does not decreaserisk for preterm birth (low SoE). Birth weight and risk for low birth weight: Changes in maternal n-3 FA biomarkers were significantly associated with birth weight. Prenatal algal DHA or DHA-enriched fish oil supplementation had a positive effect on birth weight among healthy term infants (moderate SoE), but prenatal DHA supplementation had no effect on risk for low birth weight (low SoE). Prenatal EPA plus DHA or alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) supplementation had no effect on birth weight (low SoE). Risk for peripartum depression: Maternal n-3 FA biomarkers had no association with risk for peripartum depression. Maternal DHA, EPA, or DHA-enriched fish oil supplementation had no effect on risk for peripartum depression (low SoE). Risk for gestational hypertension/preeclampsia: Prenatal DHA supplementation among high-risk pregnant women had no effect on the risk for gestational hypertension or preeclampsia (moderate SoE). Prenatal supplementation of any n-3 FA in normal-risk women also had no significant effect on risk for gestational hypertension or preeclampsia (low SoE). FETAL, INFANT, AND CHILD EXPOSURES AND OUTCOMES: Postnatal growth patterns: Maternal fish oil or DHA plus EPA supplementation had no effect on postnatal growth patterns (attainment of weight, length, and head circumference) when administered prenatally (moderate SoE) or both pre- and postnatally (low SoE). Fortification of infant formulas with DHA plus arachidonic acid (AA, an n-6 FA) had no effect on growth patterns of preterm or term infants (low SoE). Visual acuity: Prenatal supplementation with DHA had no effect on development of visual acuity (low SoE). Supplementing or fortifying preterm infant formula with any n-3 FA had no significant effect on visual acuity assessed by visual evoked potentials (VEP) at 4 or 6 months corrected age (low SoE). Data conflicted on the effectiveness of supplementing infant formula for term infants with n-3 FA depending on when and how visual acuity was assessed (i.e. by VEP or by behavioral methods) and the type of essential FA provided (low SoE). Neurological development: Prenatal or postnatal n-3 FA supplementation had no consistent effect on neurological development (low SoE). Cognitive development: Prenatal DHA supplementation with AA or EPA had no effect on cognitive development (moderate SoE). Supplementing breastfeeding women with DHA plus EPA also had no effect on cognitive development in infants and children (low SoE). Supplementing or fortifying preterm infants' formula with DHA plus AA had a positive effect on infant cognition at some short-term followup times (moderate SoE). Supplementing or fortifying infant formula for term infants with any n-3 FA had no effect on cognitive development (low SoE). Evidence is insufficient to support any effect of n-3 FA infant supplementation on long-term cognitive outcomes. Autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and learning disorders: Maternal or infant n-3 FA supplementation had no effect on risk for autism spectrum disorders or ADHD (low SoE). No studies on other learning disorders were identified. Atopic dermatitis (AD), allergies, and respiratory disorders: Pre- and postnatal (maternal and infant) n-3 FA supplementation had no consistent effect on the risk for AD/eczema, allergies, asthma, and other respiratory illnesses (moderate SoE). Biomarkers and intakes had no consistent association with the risk for AD, allergies, and respiratory disorders (low SoE). Adverse events: Prenatal and infant supplementation with n-3 FA or fortification of foods with n-3 FA did not result in any serious or nonserious adverse events (moderate SoE); with the exception of an increased risk for mild gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Most studies in this report examined the effects of fish oil (or other combinations of DHA and EPA) supplements on pregnant or breastfeeding women or the effects of infant formula fortified with DHA plus AA. As with the original report, with the exception of small increases in birth weight and length of gestation,n-3 FA supplementation or fortification has no consistent evidence of effects on peripartum maternal or infant health outcomes. No effects of n-3 FA were seen on gestational hypertension, peripartum depression, or postnatal growth. Apparent effects of n-3 FA supplementation were inconsistent across assessment methods and followup times for outcomes related to infant visual acuity, cognitive development and prevention of allergy and asthma. Future RCTs need to assess standardized preparations of n-3 and n-6 FA, using a select group of clinically important outcomes, on populations with baseline n-3 FA intakes typical of those of most western populations.

Download or read book Maternal DHA Impact on Child Neurodevelopment written by Asim K. Duttaroy and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Special Issue, we focus on maternal docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3 (DHA), and arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6 (ARA), on children’s neurodevelopment. During the last trimester of gestation and for the first 18 months after birth, both DHA and ARA are preferentially deposited within the cerebral cortex at a rapid rate. The mode of action of these two fatty acids and their derivatives at different structural–functional roles, and their levels in the signaling pathways of the brain have been continuously studied. These fatty acids are also involved in various brain developmental processes; however, their mechanistic cross talks are not yet clearly known. Recent data suggest that there may be a need for a balanced proportion of ARA and DHA in infant formula due to their complementary benefits. This review describes the importance of ARA in addition to DHA to support optimal brain development and growth in an infant, and functional roles in the brain.

Download or read book Mental Health Aspects of Women s Reproductive Health written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has reviewed the research undertaken on a broad range of reproductive health issues and their mental health determinants/consequences over the last 15 years from both high- and low-income countries. Evidence from peer-reviewed journals has been used wherever possible but has been augmented with results of a specific survey initiated to gather state of the art information on reproductive and mental health issues from a variety of researchers and interested parties. Valuable data from consultant reports, national programme evaluations and postgraduate research work was also compiled, analyzed and synthesized

Download or read book The Omega 3 Effect written by James Sears and published by Little, Brown Spark. This book was released on 2012-08-28 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We all want to live as healthfully as possible. In The Omega-3 Effect, Dr. William Sears turns his attention to the critical role that omega-3s play in the body. Dr. Sears takes readers through each body system-including the brain, heart, joints, skin, and immune system-and demonstrates how omega-3s are essential to each. The Omega-3 Effect also offers tips on what foods and supplements readers should incorporate into their diet, as well as several delicious recipes. Written in the wise, accessible tone that has made his books beloved bestsellers, Dr. Sears offers a practical and science-based approach to living a more healthful life.

Download or read book Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism written by Graham C. Burdge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism explores a number of major roles of PUFA in the body, including its role as a component of cell membranes and how it provides substrates for the synthesis of lipid second messengers. Recent studies are unraveling the effect of interactions between diet and endocrine factors and genetic and epigenetic variation on the regulation of PUFA biosynthesis in animals. Together, these recent findings provide novel insights into the impact of differences in PUFA supply on health. This book captures these findings in a manner that marks the state-of-the-art, placing them in the wider context of PUFA metabolism and nutritional science. Users will find a comprehensive discussion on the topic that presents the contributions of leading researchers who combine their knowledge to create a cohesive academic resource for researchers, those involved in production, and health policymakers. - Provides a comprehensive view of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism - Describes underlying metabolism on lipids that include polyunsaturated fatty acids - Includes discussions on recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism

Download or read book Fatty Acids and Lipids written by International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids. Congress and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication at hand gives an outline of recent advances in both of these topics, including a general discussion on fatty acid nutrition amd metabolism. Moreover, issues such as vascular functions, inflammation, bone metabolism, cancer, obesity and lipoprotein metabolism are dealt with in this context. Finally, the book also contains new findings on bioactive lipids such as anandamide and related compounds, as well as on conjugated linoleic acid. Scientists interested in nutrition, cardiovascular disease, behavior and psychiatry as well as fatty acid metabolism and lipids in general will find this publication a most welcome source of information.

Download or read book Omega 6 3 Fatty Acids written by Fabien De Meester and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-13 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last several years developing human research suggests that a component of omega-3 fatty acids, long chain ones, contribute particularly to health benefits. Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids: Functions, Sustainability Strategies and Perspectives focuses on developing information on this newly recognized key component. This volume uniquely, and for the first time, focuses on sustainability of natural sources of omega-3 fatty acids variants including long chain ones, and on ways to increase their use and availability to reduce major diseases. The authors review cardiovascular disease, neurological changes and mental health and other diseases like diabetes where long chain omega-3 fatty acids play protective roles from recent human trials. Each chapter evaluates developing information on the possible mechanistic role of long chain omega-3 fatty acids. After showing their requirement and involvement in health promotion there are reviews of various sources and ways to protect and promote them. Authors provide support for the benefits and sources of long chain omega-3 fatty acids and their increased dietary intake that reduce various physical and mental illnesses. Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids: Functions, Sustainability and Perspectives is a unique and important new volume that provides the latest data and reviews to physicians who need to assess serum omega-6/3 and fatty acids to help diagnose risks and change diets and to inform industry and the scientific community with reviews of research for actions including new studies and therapies.

Download or read book The Omega 3 Connection written by Dr Andrew L. Stoll and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2012-12-11 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE OMEGA-3 CONNECTION is a persuasive title on why our ancestors relied so much on omega 3 oils, found in oily fish, flaxseed, game, human breast milk and walnuts, for their brain development and general health. We eat far far less omega 3's than our ancestors did, and here, Andrew L. Stoll, M.D. argues that most of us have been deficient in these essential oils from babies onwards, especially if we weren't breastfed. Omega 3's are vital to overall health of the brain and heart. The results are the maladies of our age - depression, post natal depression, an increase in degenerative diseases of the mind like Altzheimers, and an increase in heart attacks and strokes. Backed up by new research from the Universities of Sheffield and Oxford, this is a fantastic pointer to restoring your body and mind's natural balance.

Download or read book A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we produce and consume food has a bigger impact on Americans' well-being than any other human activity. The food industry is the largest sector of our economy; food touches everything from our health to the environment, climate change, economic inequality, and the federal budget. From the earliest developments of agriculture, a major goal has been to attain sufficient foods that provide the energy and the nutrients needed for a healthy, active life. Over time, food production, processing, marketing, and consumption have evolved and become highly complex. The challenges of improving the food system in the 21st century will require systemic approaches that take full account of social, economic, ecological, and evolutionary factors. Policy or business interventions involving a segment of the food system often have consequences beyond the original issue the intervention was meant to address. A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System develops an analytical framework for assessing effects associated with the ways in which food is grown, processed, distributed, marketed, retailed, and consumed in the United States. The framework will allow users to recognize effects across the full food system, consider all domains and dimensions of effects, account for systems dynamics and complexities, and choose appropriate methods for analysis. This report provides example applications of the framework based on complex questions that are currently under debate: consumption of a healthy and safe diet, food security, animal welfare, and preserving the environment and its resources. A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System describes the U.S. food system and provides a brief history of its evolution into the current system. This report identifies some of the real and potential implications of the current system in terms of its health, environmental, and socioeconomic effects along with a sense for the complexities of the system, potential metrics, and some of the data needs that are required to assess the effects. The overview of the food system and the framework described in this report will be an essential resource for decision makers, researchers, and others to examine the possible impacts of alternative policies or agricultural or food processing practices.

Download or read book Omega 3 for Optimal Life Why You Need Fish Oil written by Joseph C. Maroon, MD, FACS and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish oil's universal actions and benefits make it one of the best choices for all Americans to influence their health for the better. Taking fish oil as a supplement or as part of a healthy diet, along with adequate amounts of exercise and stress reduction, can save lives, prevent disease, and reduce our healthcare requirements. In this book, we will discuss the latest science on the benefits of omega-3's and how this special molecule can benefit every organ in our body. We will also focus on how our body's innate natural protective mechanism, the inflammatory response, is hijacked by our poor diet and lifestyle choices and contributes, rather than prevents diseases of aging. We will give you the information you need to make better choices when looking for fish oil supplements and help you determine what dose of omega-3's works best for you. We hope to lead you down a road of exciting discovery, give you the tools to make better choices and help you to die young... as late as possible!

Download or read book Effects of Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Disease written by U.s. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This evidence report is 1 of 3 reports prepared concerning the health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases. These reports are among several that address topics related to omega-3 fatty acids, and that were requested by the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, through the EPC Program at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). The aim of the reports is to summarize the current evidence on the health effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the following: CVD, cancer, child and maternal health, eye health, gastrointestinal/renal diseases, asthma, autoimmune diseases, immune- mediated diseases, transplantation, mental health, and neurological diseases and conditions. In addition to informing the research community and the public on the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on various health conditions, it is anticipated that the findings of the reports will also be used to help define the agenda for future research. The focus of this report is on CVD outcomes in humans. The other 2 reports focus on risk factors of cardiovascular disease and on arrhythmic electrophysiology in animal and in- vitro studies. In this chapter, the metabolism, physiological functions, and the sources of omega-3 fatty acids are briefly discussed. Subsequent chapters describe the methods used to identify and review studies related to omega-3 fatty acids and CVD — including the analytic framework for this report, findings related to the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular conditions, and recommendations for future research in this area.