Download or read book Effects of Meteorological Factors on Conidia Infection and Production of Erysiphe Necator Podosphaera Clandestina and Podosphaera Macularis on the Leaves of Grape Cherry and Hop written by Hui Yan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grape, cherry and hop powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe necator, Podosphaera clandestina, and P. macularis, are common problems in WA. Since conidia concentration is strongly related to disease intensity, it is an effective approach for forecasting powder mildews to explore the relationship between meteorological factors and conidia concentration. To assess effects of temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the sporulation of P. clandestina, experiments were conducted using mature colonies of powdery mildew on the detached leaves. Study showed that sporulation were optimized at the T of 22°C and RH of 85%, and that 8 h incubation in dark with T of 10 °C and RH of 70--90% were favorable to sporulation. Similar studies were conducted to determine effects of RH on sporulation of P. macularis at 20°C. Results demonstrated that there was a significant negative linear relationship between conidia and RH at 80--97.5% during 48 h incubation. Under 24h fluctuating RH conditions, 8 h incubation at RH of 80% was favorable to sporulation. In the studies of ultraviolet (UV), conidia were trapped using Burkard volumetric sampler. Results showed that low levels of UV resulted in higher population of E. necator conidia, while high UV had the opposite effect. The thresholds of UV-B and UV-A were 0.5 W/m2 and 13 W/m2, respectively. The results of cross correlation analysis described negative relationship of UV with conidia concentration in current day and the previous two days. The cross correlations of conidia concentrations with UV-A were -0.306 in lag 0 and -0.182 in lag 2, and with UV-B were -0.311 in lag 0 and -0.235 in lag2. Modeling studies of conidia indicated that time series and multivariate techniques were appropriate methods on conidia forecasting. A dynamic prediction model of E. necator conidia was developed using AR (4) and PDLREG (7, 2). Predictors include previous 4 days conidia concentration, and previous 7 days average dewpoint and duration of temperature at polynomial degree of 2. Three dynamic prediction models of E. necator, P. clandestina, and P. macularis were developed using AR (4) and principle component analysis that simplified all related meteorological parameters to 5 components.
Download or read book Understanding Sporulation and Dissemination of Podosphaera Macularis Hop Powdery Mildew written by Amy B. Peetz and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Podosphaera macularis causes one of the most important diseases, powdery mildew, of Humulus lupulus (hop). If left unmanaged, hop powdery mildew can cause total crop loss due to disease or browning of hop cones rendering the cones unmarketable to buyers. The Hop Powdery Mildew Infection Risk Index (HOPS) is heavily relied on for management of the disease. However, HOPS assumes constant inoculum presence, which is not likely to be true. Evidence suggests that temperature fluctuations influence inoculum availability. As such, knowledge of inoculum presence and density and their relationship to environmental conditions may increase management efficacy by reducing pesticide use and cost of crop production. Molecular methods for detecting and quantifying P. macularis were developed and used to analyze air samples taken from hop fields for two seasons. A protocol for DNA extraction from field samples was modified in order to use PCR to detect and quantify P. macularis DNA from the field. Primers and a probe designed to the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of P. macularis ribosomal DNA have made inoculum detection possible using both conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). DNA extracted from conidia impinged on glass rods coated in silicon grease has been used as template for qPCR, and we have successfully detected as DNA extracted from 10 spores Specific and sensitive detection of P. macularis DNA with conventional PCR was possible under conditions typically used to evaluate qPCR; however results from field samples indicated that sensitivity was an issue, in that spores were not detected in samples from fields with high disease pressure. The effects of constant exposure (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C) and 6 hr exposure (18, 22, 26, 30, 34, and 38°C) on sporulation of P. macularis were tested. Exposure to constant low and high temperatures decreases sporulation, which indicates that inoculum may not always be available once the epidemic has started. Sporulation is also decreased during brief exposures to temperatures above 30°C. These data indicate that inoculum availability is reduced when the temperature exceeds 30°C in the field. A modification of HOPS should be examined to incorporate an algorithm which takes the findings in this study into account.
Download or read book Hemlock Dwarf Mistletoe written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Concepts in Integrated Pest and Disease Management written by A. Ciancio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-20 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This, the first volume of the ‘Integrated Management of Plant Pests and Diseases’ book series, presents general concepts on integrated pest and disease management. Section one includes chapters on infection models, resurgence and replacement, plant disease epidemiology and effects of climate change in tropical environments. The second section includes remote sensing and information technology. Finally, the third section covers molecular aspects of the subject.
Download or read book The Powdery Mildews written by Richard Robert Bélanger and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 2002 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Chapters within "The Fungi" bring up to date the nomenclature and classification of species, accurately reflecting the phylogeny of the fungi. An entire chapter is dedicated to the taxonomy of the powdery mildew fungi providing a new and reliable international source for all mycologists and plant pathologists. Convenient reference to both 'old' and 'new' names throughout the book will facilitate understanding and accelerate transition towards general use of the new taxonomy and nomenclature."--pub. desc.
Download or read book Experimental Techniques in Plant Disease Epidemiology written by Jürgen Kranz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most books on epidemiology have treated the subject from a statistical, mathematical or computer applicational point of view. However, experiments must be performed first to provide the data for models which in turn can then be proven by further experimentation. This mutual interplay of theory and empirics gives epidemiology its scientific thrust and charm. This book provides a choice of methods for varying applications and objectives, covering all important aspects for the designing of experiments. Furthermore, the reader is supplied with solutions to his experimental problems and many "tricks of the trade". The newcomer to the field will also profit by this methodology guide.
Download or read book Bordeaux Injury written by U. P. Hedrick and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Compendium of Stone Fruit Diseases written by American Phytopathological Society and published by Amer Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases. Diseases caused by fungi. Fruit diseases. Foliar diseases. Cankers, blights, and wood rots. Disease complexes. Parasitic plants. Diseases caused by bacteria. Diseases caused by mycoplasmalike organisms. Diseases caused by plant-parasitic Nematodes. Diseases caused by viruses and viruslike agents. Viruses or pathogens spread by mites, insects, and nematodes. Viruses and pathogens spread by grafting (Natural spread apparent for some diseases). Noninfectious disorders. Genetic and physiological disorders. Minor physiological and genetic disorders. Environmental disorders. Nutritional disorders.
Download or read book Hop Mildew written by F. M. Blodgett and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book European Larch Canker written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Host Range and Geographical Distribution of the Powdery Mildew Fungi written by Koji Amano and published by ISBS. This book was released on 1986 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Herbaceous Perennial Plants written by Allan M. Armitage and published by Quarto Publishing Group USA. This book was released on 2008-05-01 with total page 1480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of the comprehensive—and entertaining—gardening reference by the master horticulturalist. This is the long-awaited third edition of Allan Armitage’s masterpiece on garden perennials. Armitage’s extensive traveling, teaching, and trialing experiences provide a depth of understanding of the best ornamental perennials for North American gardens unparalleled by any other garden writer. One of the most definitive and conclusive books written about perennials, the first edition was designated as one of the best seventy-five books written in the last seventy-five years by the American Horticulture Society. Now the third edition of “The Big Perennial Book” (as it is fondly referred to by many practitioners) describes 3,600 species in 1224 pages. More than three hundred color photos complement detailed text filled with the author’s pointed observations of plant performance, cultivar selection, and current taxonomy. In addition, his trademark wit and passion are both in abundance, making reading as pleasurable as it is informative.
Download or read book The Pesticide Detox written by Jules N. Pretty and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1960s, the world's population has more than doubled and agricultural production per person has increased by a third. Yet this growth in production has masked enormous hidden costs arising from widespread pesticide use - massive ecological damage and high incidences of farmer poisoning and chronic health effects. Whereas once the risks involved with pesticide use were judged to be outweighed by the potential benefits, increasingly the external costs of pesticides, to environments and human health, are being seen as unacceptable. In response to this trend, recent years have seen millions of farmers in communities around the world reduce their use of harmful pesticides and develop cheaper and safer alternatives. The Pesticide Detox explores the potential for the phasing-out of hazardous pesticides and the phasing-in of cost effective alternatives already available on the market. This book makes clear that it is time to start the pesticide detox and to move towards a more sustainable agriculture.
Download or read book Post harvest Pathology written by Dov Prusky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a collection of papers that includes material presented at the 2008 International Congress for Plant Pathology, this text features research right at the leading edge of the field. The latest findings are particularly crucial in their implications for fruit production; an important market sector where in some areas up to 50 per cent of the crop can be lost after harvest. While post-harvest fruit treatments with fungicides are the most effective means to reduce decay, rising concerns about toxicity have led to the development of alternative approaches to disease control, including biological methods, the subject of three chapters of this book. With several new techniques requiring modification of current post-harvest practices, it is more important than ever to stay abreast of the latest information. Other chapters deal with the mechanisms of host fruit and vegetable resistance, fungal pathogenicity factors and their relationship with the host response, and a number of subjects related to disease assessments before harvest as well as their relationship to the postharvest treatment of fruits and vegetables. The book also includes several useful case studies of crops such as kiwifruit and peaches, where different approaches at the pre- and post-harvest levels are combined to good effect. With food production issues gaining an ever higher profile internationally, this text makes an important contribution to the debate.
Download or read book Compendium of Beet Diseases and Pests written by Robert Martin Harveson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition has been significantly expanded and is organized into several major sections, including a new introduction with brief histories of beet production, botany, and breeding. The remainder of the book is divided into 5 major parts: biotic disorders, abiotic disorders, postharvest deterioration of sugar beet, major insect and arthropod pests, and newly emerging issues. The description of each disease includes a general account of its importance and world distribution, symptoms, causal organism or agent, disease cycle and epidemiology, management, and selected references.
Download or read book Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria written by Norman W. Schaad and published by Amer Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1988 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identification schemes; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; Cell wall-free prokaryotes.
Download or read book Advances in Plant Biopesticides written by Dwijendra Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ‘Advances in Plant Biopesticides’ comprises 19 chapters on different important issues of developing biopesticides from promising botanicals and its phytomolecules based on the research reviews in the area concern. The book is written by reputed scientists and professors of both developed and developing countries namely Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Egypt, Greece, India, Kenya, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, and USA represented by almost 53 contributors. The book is organized and presented in such a form that the readers can acquire and enhance their knowledge in plant biopesticide bioresources, its application in different areas to manage pests and diseases of field crops, stored products with status of exploring in Africa, non-target effects on beneficial arthropods, control of arthropods of veterinary and vectors of communicable diseases, efficacy in controlling honeybee mite pests, prospect of applying new tools to enhance the efficacy of plant biopesticides through use of nanotechnology, most important plant derived active principle as source of biopesticides, possible mode of action of phytochemicals against arthropods, limitation, production status, consumption, formulation, registration and quality regulation of plant biopesticides and have been cited by important scientific references. Most importantly, the book also highlights a unique example for developing biopesticides based on the research on Annonaceae as potential source of plant biopesticide, exploiting phytochemicals for developing green technology for sustainable crop protection strategies to withstand climate change with example in Africa, and overview in developing insect resistance to plant biopesticides. Most of the chapter contributing authors are internationally reputed researchers and possess experiences of more than three to four decades in the area of plant biopesticides. The contributing and corresponding authors of the book - Advances in Plant Biopesticides proposed and identified by the editor (Dwijendra Singh) include distinguished professors and reputed scientists from different continents of the world namely MB Isman (Canada), Nadia Z Dimetry (Egypt), Zeaur R Khan (Kenya), John A Pickett (UK), Gadi VP Reddy (USA), S Gopalakrishnan (India), Anand Prakash (India), Chirantan Chattopadyay (India), Christos G Athanassiou (Greece), Philip C. Stevenson (UK), S Raguraman (India), S Ghosh (India), Mir S Mulla (USA), Apiwat Tawatsin (Thailand), Dwijendra Singh (India), K Sahayaraj (India), Suresh Walia (India), T Shivanandappa (India), Roman Pavela (Czeck Republic), Errol Hasan (Australia), Ayhan Gokce (Turkey), SK Raza (India), and their colleague co-contributors. This book would certainly provide the updated knowledge to global readers on plant biopesticides as one of the important reference source and would stimulate to present and future researchers, scientists, student, teachers, entrepreneurs, and government & non-government policy makers interested to develop new & novel environmentally safe plant biopesticides world over.
