Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Download or read book In Vivo Measurement of Rat Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Consumption Following Brief Periods of Ischemia with Reperfusion as Assessed by Phosphorescence Quenching Microscopy written by William H. Nugent and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brief periods of skeletal muscle ischemia (ischemic pre-conditioning) alter cellular metabolism in a way that confers protection over subsequent ischemic episodes. The mechanisms behind this effect have been studied indirectly through assays for the byproducts of ATP synthesis and in vitro studies of cellular signaling cascades and ROS generation. There have been no direct, in vivo assessments of the changes in respiration during reperfusion. We employed phosphorescence quenching microscopy in conjunction with a flow-arrest technique to assess the influences of external, pressure-induced 1- to 10-min focal ischemia on interstitial oxygenation (PISFO2) and the consumption of oxygen (VO2) in spinotrapezius muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats. During reperfusion following an ischemic period VO2 was measured by the rate of PISFO2 decline during brief, serial flow-arrest compressions. Our tests of this intermittent compression technique indicate that 5 s of flow-arrest followed by 15 s of flow restoration allow measurement of VO2 without compromising baseline or reperfusion recovery of PISFO2. There was a steady rise in VO2 during early reperfusion which was correlated with increasing ischemic durations. Treatment with cyanide confirmed that at least some of this increase was due to an upregulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity. Nitric oxide (NO) suppressed VO2 during rest and reperfusion, while L-NAME did not influence respiration under normoxic conditions. L-NAME produced a significant rise in VO2 under hypoxic conditions following 10 minutes of ischemia, indicating a greater role of NO in the regulation of respiration during low PISFO2 conditions. We conclude that physiological levels of NO regulate mitochondrial respiration during hypoxia and confirm that pharmacological elevation of [NO] reduces VO2 in a manner consistent with the ischemic pre-conditioning effect.
Download or read book Compartment Syndrome written by Cyril Mauffrey and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-02 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compartment syndrome is a complex physiologic process with significant potential harm, and though an important clinical problem, the basic science and research surrounding this entity remains poorly understood. This unique open access book fills the gap in the knowledge of compartment syndrome, re-evaluating the current state of the art on this condition. The current clinical diagnostic criteria are presented, as well as the multiple dilemmas facing the surgeon. Pathophysiology, ischemic thresholds and pressure management techniques and limitations are discussed in detail. The main surgical management strategy, fasciotomy, is then described for both the upper and lower extremities, along with wound care. Compartment syndrome due to patient positioning, in children and polytrauma patients, and unusual presentations are likewise covered. Novel diagnosis and prevention strategies, as well as common misconceptions and legal ramifications stemming from compartment syndrome, round out the presentation. Unique and timely, Compartment Syndrome: A Guide to Diagnosis and Management will be indispensable for orthopedic and trauma surgeons confronted with this common yet challenging medical condition.
Download or read book PanVascular Medicine written by Peter Lanzer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 5004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vascular management and care has become a truly multidisciplinary enterprise as the number of specialists involved in the treatment of patients with vascular diseases has steadily increased. While in the past, treatments were delivered by individual specialists, in the twenty-first century a team approach is without doubt the most effective strategy. In order to promote professional excellence in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field, a shared knowledge base and interdisciplinary standards need to be established. Pan Vascular Medicine, 2nd edition has been designed to offer such an interdisciplinary platform, providing vascular specialists with state-of-the art descriptive and procedural knowledge. Basic science, diagnostics, and therapy are all comprehensively covered. In a series of succinct, clearly written chapters, renowned specialists introduce and comment on the current international guidelines and present up-to-date reviews of all aspects of vascular care.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Vascular Disease written by Robert Fitridge and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New updated edition first published with Cambridge University Press. This new edition includes 29 chapters on topics as diverse as pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, vascular haemodynamics, haemostasis, thrombophilia and post-amputation pain syndromes.
Download or read book Measuring Oxidants and Oxidative Stress in Biological Systems written by Lawrence J. Berliner and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-08 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the methods of analysis and determination of oxidants and oxidative stress in biological systems. Reviews and protocols on select methods of analysis of ROS, RNS, oxygen, redox status, and oxidative stress in biological systems are described in detail. It is an essential resource for both novices and experts in the field of oxidant and oxidative stress biology.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Circulation written by Ronald J. Korthuis and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanism of the Post contractile Blood Oxygenation Level dependent BOLD Effect in Human Skeletal Muscle written by Theodore Francis Towse and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Download or read book Perioperative Hemodynamic Monitoring and Goal Directed Therapy written by Maxime Cannesson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-09-04 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book provides clinicians and administrators with a comprehensive understanding of perioperative hemodynamic monitoring and goal directed therapy, emphasizing practical guidance for implementation at the bedside. Successful hemodynamic monitoring and goal directed therapy require a wide range of skills. This book will enable readers to: • Detail the rationale for using perioperative hemodynamic monitoring systems and for applying goal directed therapy protocols at the bedside • Understand the physiological concepts underlying perioperative goal directed therapy for hemodynamic management • Evaluate hemodynamic monitoring systems in clinical practice • Learn about new techniques for achieving goal directed therapy • Apply goal directed therapy protocols in the perioperative environment (including emergency departments, operating rooms and intensive care units) • Demonstrate clinical utility of GDT and hemodynamic optimization using case presentations. Illustrated with diagrams and case examples, this is an important resource for anesthesiologists, emergency physicians, intensivists and pneumonologists as well as nurses and administrative officers.
Download or read book Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury written by Pierce A. Grace and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1999-02-04 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury is concerned with the consequences of interrupting and restoring blood flow to tissues. Many common clinical conditions are caused by interruption of blood flow to tissues (eg, ischaemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke); blood flow is also interrupted deliberately in many surgical procedures (eg, cardiac surgery, arterial surgery, transplant surgery, limb surgery with tourniquet). In treating such conditions or after performing such operations the aim of the clinician is to restore the blood supply to the ischaemic tissue. Paradoxically, restoration of blood flow to ischaemic tissues can lead to further tissue damage with the potential for severe local and systemic injury. This book focuses on the clinical, pathological and biochemical processes involved in ischaemia-reperfusion injury and gives an overview of the strategies that may be adopted to mitigate or prevent such injury. This book will be of interest to both clinicians and scientists who have to deal with or have interest in this difficult but important problem.
Download or read book Cardioprotection written by Derek Hausenloy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-20 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardioprotection refers to the prevention of CHD and the clinical improvement in patients suffering from cardiovascular problems.
Download or read book ABC of Arterial and Venous Disease written by Richard Donnelly and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-08 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural and functional abnormalities of arteries and veinsmanifest clinically in a broad spectrum of disorders, includinganeurysmal disease, atherosclerosis, vasculitis, venousinsufficiency, microvascular complications, thrombo-embolism andlower limb ulceration. Many of these are common and/orchronic conditions which present for initial assessment by primaryhealth care workers. This new edition is a practical guide to the most commonlypresenting disorders, and provides a structured approach toclinical assessment, investigations and management. The lastfew years have seen major changes in the use of non-invasive orminimally-invasive techniques, e.g wider use of CT and MRangiography, and increasing use of percutaneous interventions forcarotid, lower limb and reno-vascular disease. The ABC of Arterial and Venous Disease (Second Edition)explains the underlying technology and the applications of newminimally-invasive methods, especially CT and MRI, and provides anup-dated, evidence-based guide to the modern day management ofpatients with common, life-threatening diseases involving differentparts of the circulation. This authoritative, full-colour, illustrated ABC is anideal reference for the primary care, non-specialist practitionerto base effective management and prevention programmes.
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS supported Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tissue Oxygenation in Acute Medicine written by William J. Sibbald and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-01-21 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers from many disciplines, with both basic and clinical perspectives, came together in this volume to review and debate issues pertaining to the investigation and control of tissue oxygenation in acute medicine, as well as treatments to improve tissue oxygenation when abnormal. In this latter context, special emphasis is placed on understanding the effect of blood substitutes on the circulation and on the potential roles of this family of compounds in clinical medicine.
