Download or read book Effects of Heat Stress on Reproduction and Productivity of Primiparous Sows and Their Piglets Performance written by Amanda M. Williams and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat stress (HS) produces seasonal infertility in sows and decreases reproductive efficiency. Sows were exposed to HS during a production cycle (gestation [gest], lactation [lact], and breeding) to examine productivity. First parity Landrace/Large White F1 sows rotated through chambers in the Brody Environmental Center for 55 d. The ambient temperature sequences included thermoneutral (TN; 18 to 20°C) or HS (24 to 30°C) for each production phase (TN-TN-TN [n=15], TN-HS-TN [n=14], HS-TN-HS [n=14] or HS-HS-HS [n=15] for gest-lact-breeding [20, 24, and 11 d, respectively]). Thermal responses, body weight (BW), backfat (BF), loin eye area (LEA), feed intake (FI), metabolites, energy balance, piglet weights, and reproductive performance were measured. Rectal temperature differed (38.33 and 38.22, 39.47 and 39.22, 38.79 and 38.74°C (SEM [lesser than] 0.05) for HS and TN during gest, lact, and breeding, respectively; P [lesser than] 0.001). During lact TN sows had greater daily FI than HS sows (3.75 vs. 3.12 kg; P [lesser than] 0.001). Total born (11.7 pigs), piglet birth weight (1.46 kg) and total weaned (10.3 pigs) were similar, but weaning weight was greater for TN sows (6.21 vs. 5.76 kg; P [lesser than] 0.053). Weaning to estrus interval (4.70 d), percentage inseminated sows after weaning (85.7%), subsequent farrowing rate (82.6%) and subsequent total born (10.8 pigs per litter) were not different by treatment. In summary, HS decreased FI during lact and was associated with reduced piglet growth. Breeding performance was not compromised by HS. To conclude, HS slowed piglet growth perhaps through its effects on sow milk production without affecting sow breeding performance.
Download or read book Effects of Heat Stress on Thermoregulation Reproduction and Performance of Different Parity Sows written by Whitney Martin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat stress caused by high ambient temperatures causes seasonal infertility in sows, leading to decreased production and a loss in reproductive efficiency. The objective of these studies was to specifically determine the effect of heat stress on the thermoregulatory behavior, growth and production characteristics as well as endocrine responses of sows during lactation. Factors such as parity, energy balance and farrowing facility design were closely examined to determine their role in controlling body temperature and respiration rate of sows during heat stress and lactation. Primiparous and multiparous Landrace or Landrace x Large White sows of different parities were studied from late gestation through weaning. The study was performed at the University of Missouri Swine Research Complex (Columbia, MO) in order to provide similar results as would be found in a real-world commercial swine farm setting. Rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR), shoulder skin temperature, ear skin temperature, metabolite concentrations, energy balance (EB), sow body weights and piglet body weights were measured throughout the studies.
Download or read book Improving Nutrient Intake and Performance of Swine During Periods of Heat Stress written by Joel Dean Spencer and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High environmental temperatures depress the profitability of swine production. Feed intake, growth rate, lean tissue accretion, sow lactation performance and reproductive efficiency are all reduced during periods of heat stress. A series of studies were conducted to investigate nutritional and management methods to ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress in an attempt to improve swine production efficiency. In Exp. 1, late finishing barrows (90 kg) were individually penned and exposed to a cycling hot (27 to 35°C) environment. Providing a diet with an increased energy (8% added fat) and amino acid content resulted in increased growth rate and improved feed efficiency. If the amino acid content of the diet was not balanced to the elevated energy level, growth performance was reduced and a higher proportion of dietary energy was deposited as fat. Similar diets were fed to 1,260 pigs (90 kg) in a commercial production environment during high ambient temperatures (Exp. 2). Diets with reduced heat increment (high fat) improved growth rate and feed efficiency (kg/kg and Mcal/kg), only if the amino acid content was increased proportionally with the energy content. Pigs fed high-energy amino acid supplemented diets returned the highest margin over feed cost ($2.00 more/pig than pigs fed the control diet). In Exp. 3, 196 (90 kg BW) were fed either a high energy (8% fat supplemented) or reduced crude protein diet in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. All diets contained the same digestible lysine to metabolizable energy ratio (1.68 g/Mcal). Pigs were group penned (7 pigs/pen) in a cycling hot environment (27 to 35°C). In Exp. 4, 39 primiparous and 100 multiparous sows (PIC C-22) were utilized in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with two lactation room temperatures (21 or 30°C), two sow lactation lengths (14 or 19-d), and two parity groups (primiparous or multiparous sows). (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Download or read book Milk and Dairy Products in Human Nutrition written by Young W. Park and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-09 with total page 1063 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Milk is nature’s most complete food, and dairy products are considered to be the most nutritious foods of all. The traditional view of the role of milk has been greatly expanded in recent years beyond the horizon of nutritional subsistence of infants: it is now recognized to be more than a source of nutrients for the healthy growth of children and nourishment of adult humans. Alongside its major proteins (casein and whey), milk contains biologically active compounds, which have important physiological and biochemical functions and significant impacts upon human metabolism, nutrition and health. Many of these compounds have been proven to have beneficial effects on human nutrition and health. This comprehensive reference is the first to address such a wide range of topics related to milk production and human health, including: mammary secretion, production, sanitation, quality standards and chemistry, as well as nutrition, milk allergies, lactose intolerance, and the bioactive and therapeutic compounds found in milk. In addition to cow’s milk, the book also covers the milk of non-bovine dairy species which is of economic importance around the world. The Editors have assembled a team of internationally renowned experts to contribute to this exhaustive volume which will be essential reading for dairy scientists, nutritionists, food scientists, allergy specialists and health professionals.
Download or read book Heat Stress and Animal Productivity written by Anjali Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Anjali Aggarwal is working as a Senior Scientist at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). She holds a PhD degree in Animal Physiology and is involved in research and teaching at post-graduate level. Her area of research work is stress and environmental physiology. She has more than 50 publications, two technical bulletins, four manuals and many book chapters to her credit. She has successfully guided many post-graduate and PhD students. Her major research accomplishments are on microclimatic modification for alleviation of heat and cold stress, mist and fan cooling systems for cows and buffaloes, and use of wallowing tank in buffaloes. Her work involves the use of technology of supplementing micronutrients during dry period and early lactation to crossbred and indigenous cows for alleviating metabolic and oxidative stress and improved health and productivity. Studies are also done in her lab on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes as a result of exercise or exposure to heat stress. Dr. R.C. Upadhyay is working as Head, Dairy Cattle Physiology Division at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). He graduated in Veterinary Sciences and obtained his PhD degree in Animal Physiology. His area of recent research is climate change, stress, and environmental physiology. His major research accomplishment is on climate change impact assessment of milk production and growth in livestock. His work also involves studying methane conversion and emission factors for Indian livestock and use of IPCC methodology of methane inventory of Indian livestock. Heat shock protein-70 expression studies in cattle and buffaloes are also done in his lab. Draught animal power evaluation, fatigue assessment, work-rest cycle and work limiting factors form the highlights of his work. Studies on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes and electrocardiographic studies in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat are also undertaken in his lab. He has more than 75 research papers, four books and several book chapters to his credit. Technologies developed and research done by him include methodology of methane measurement: open and closed circuit for cattle and buffaloes; inventory of methane emission from livestock using IPCC methodology; livestock stress index: thermal stress measurement based on physiological functions; and draught power evaluation system and large animal treadmill system. He received training in Radio-nuclides in medicine at Australian School of Nuclear Technology, Lucas heights, NSW, Australia in 1985 and Use of radioisotopes in cardiovascular investigations at CSIRO, Prospect, NSW, Australia, during 1985-86. He has guided several post-graduate and PhD students. He is recipient of Hari Om Ashram Award-1990 (ICAR) for outstanding research in animal sciences.
Download or read book Feed efficiency in swine written by John F. Patience and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Feed efficiency in swine' has been prepared as a comprehensive treatise on the current state of our understanding of this topic which is so important to the pork industry. Each chapter is written by international authorities who understand both the science and application of their topic area. The book provides detailed insight into the many factors affecting feed efficiency, ranging from diet processing to herd health, from nutrition to physiology and from day-to-day barn management to the adoption of advanced technologies. The authors explain such practical aspects as the challenge of interpreting feed efficiency information obtained on farm or the role of liquid feeding. The authors also delve into more scientific topics such as amino acid or energy metabolism or animal physiology. This book is written for people who have a technical interest in pork production, including nutritionists, geneticists, farm management specialists, veterinarians, other academics and, of course, pork producers.
Download or read book The Suckling and Weaned Piglet written by Chantal Farmer and published by Brill Wageningen Academic. This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last books discussing the neonatal or weaned pig were published over 15 years ago. This new book provides up to date information on the suckling and weaned piglet. It covers novel and important topics such as microbiota development in piglets and management of hyperprolific litters. It also discusses topics such as weaning age and its long term influence on piglet heath and performance. The developments of lean and fat tissues and of the intestinal immune system in young pigs are described in detail. Emphasis is put on well-being with chapters focussing on husbandry interventions in suckling piglets as well as consequences of the lactational environment on behavioural disturbances of pigs after weaning. The multiple stressors encountered at and post-weaning are also discussed. Updates on essential subjects such as neonatal mortality, creep feeding of suckling piglets, feeding strategies for weaned pigs, housing systems post-weaning and diseases of piglets are provided. The information covered in this book should be of great assistance to animal scientists, nutritionists, veterinarians and swine producers. They will be made aware of most recent knowledge that will assist in improving the performance and welfare of suckling and weaned piglets.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Swine written by and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each of these popular handbooks contains comprehensive information on the nutritional needs of domestic animals and includes extensive tabular data. All are paperback and 8 1/2 x 11. Some books come with diskettes or Cds that allow users to predict nutrient requirements of specific animals under various conditions and at various life stages.
Download or read book Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production written by Veerasamy Sejian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-05 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the importance of livestock to the global economy, there is a substantial need for world-class reference material on the sustainable management of livestock in diverse eco-regions. With uncertain climates involving unpredictable extreme events (e.g., heat, drought, infectious disease), environmental stresses are becoming the most crucial factors affecting livestock productivity. By systematically and comprehensively addressing all aspects of environmental stresses and livestock productivity, this volume is a useful tool for understanding the various intricacies of stress physiology. With information and case studies collected and analyzed by professionals working in diversified ecological zones, this book explores the influence of the environment on livestock production across global biomes. The challenges the livestock industry faces in maintaining the delicate balance between animal welfare and production are also highlighted.
Download or read book Adaptation of Domestic Animals written by Elsayed Saad Eldin Hafez and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological and bioclimatological aspects. Basic physiological mechanisms. Adaptation to specific environments. Species-specific adaptations. Techniques of investigations.
Download or read book The Welfare of Pigs written by Jeremy N. Marchant-Forde and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-26 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The domestic pig is perceived as an animal with intelligence and character and yet, in the industrialized world, the majority of people have had little or no contact with them. Pigs are subject to a wide range of environments from the tropics to the sub-arctic, ranging from small-scale, extensive systems to large-scale intensive systems. They may spend their whole life on one farm or may be subject to long-distance transport multiple times. Not surprisingly, many aspects of their life experiences can impact their welfare. This book brings together a team of leading pig welfare research scientists to review the natural history of the pig, the welfare of pigs at different stages of life and to indicate what the future holds in terms of pig welfare. The text is aimed at researchers and teachers working in veterinary and animal science together with those working in the pig industry and for governmental and non-governmental animal welfare organizations.
Download or read book Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production written by Fulvia Bovera and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-23 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the scientific contributions published within the Animals topical collection “Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production”. Originally a Special Issue, it has turned into a permanent collection, with its first article being published in July 2019 and more than 30 published articles a year later: evidence of the great interest from the scientific community regarding the topics addressed. The articles, which are grouped by species (poultry, ruminants, pigs, etc.) and by topic, deal with a wide range of arguments that, first of all, highlight the extraordinary complexity and diversity that exists in the animal production sector, and then, the great influence that nutrition and feeding can have in terms of optimizing the use of environmental resources and improving the welfare of farmed animals. In addition, all this is closely connected with the urgent need to safeguard the resources of the planet on which we live.
Download or read book The Use of Drugs in Food Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-01-12 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of drugs in food animal production has resulted in benefits throughout the food industry; however, their use has also raised public health safety concerns. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals provides an overview of why and how drugs are used in the major food-producing animal industriesâ€"poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and aquaculture. The volume discusses the prevalence of human pathogens in foods of animal origin. It also addresses the transfer of resistance in animal microbes to human pathogens and the resulting risk of human disease. The committee offers analysis and insight into these areas: Monitoring of drug residues. The book provides a brief overview of how the FDA and USDA monitor drug residues in foods of animal origin and describes quality assurance programs initiated by the poultry, dairy, beef, and swine industries. Antibiotic resistance. The committee reports what is known about this controversial problem and its potential effect on human health. The volume also looks at how drug use may be minimized with new approaches in genetics, nutrition, and animal management.
Download or read book Whittemore s Science and Practice of Pig Production written by Colin T. Whittemore and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science and practice of pig production has changed rapidly overrecent decades; new husbandry practices, new understandings ofgrowth, reproduction and health, new appreciations of welfare andenvironmental impact, new nutritional approaches, and modernreproductive and genetic techniques have all come into being,together with the emergence of new health challenges. Now in its third edition, this long established reference bookon the management, breeding, feeding, nutrition, health and welfareof pigs has been fully revised to provide clear and currentinformation on both the practical and scientific aspects of the pigindustry. With the help of a new panel of international experts anda senior editor, the overall structure now contains input frominternational centres across Europe and North America. This edition includes: Updated versions of existing chapters; Completely revised and new sections on: Pig meat and carcassquality, Reproduction, The maintenance of health, Nutritional valueof protein and amino acids in feed stuffs, Value of fats and oilsin pig diets, Product marketing, Environmental management,Simulation modelling; Input from international authorities; Many tables, diagrams, photographs and figures.
Download or read book Selenium in Nutrition and Health written by Peter F. Surai and published by Nottingham Trent University. This book was released on 2006 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides information about selenium as an important part of integrated antioxidant systems in animal and human bodies responsible for maintaining health. It contains practical advice in relation to effective usage of selenium supplements, including optimal forms and doses. It also combines fundamental information on selenium biochemistry and metabolism. It also presents the most recent findings, unresolved puzzles and future directions for selenium research. In recent years, natural antioxidants have received tremendous attention in relation to human health and food quality. However, the scientific background of many health-promoting claims for natural antioxidants is not always understandable for the general public and needs further clarification. Furthermore, agricultural applications of antioxidants await further investigation.
Download or read book Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition written by J. P. Felix D'Mello and published by Cabi. This book was released on 2003 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amino acid metabolism and nutrition of farm animals continues to be an active area of research. However, since the publication of the first edition, as Amino Acids in Farm Animal Nutrition (1994), there is now a need to take into account advances in the amino acid nutrition of a wider range of animals, including companion animals. In this new edition, the editor has attempted to retain chapter imparting strength to the first version, while introducing authors with new ideas and vision, as well as chapters on other animals such as cats and dogs. The book is thematically structured. Part 1 includes chapter of an introductory and general nature with applications to a wide range of animal species. The next four parts are species-related sections, including pigs, poultry, ruminants and other animals. The chapters in the final section cover applications and perspectives. The book has been written as a reference work for advanced students as well as researchers in animal nutrition.
Download or read book Hyperthermia in Cancer Treatment written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
