Download or read book Effects of Growth Rates of Heifers and Feeding Supplement Glucogenic Precursors During Transition Period of Some Physiological Changes and Milk Production of Holstein Cows written by Tomas Ignacio Belloso Vanososte and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biochemistry And Physiology of Nutrition written by Geoffrey Bourne and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Volume II focuses on the processes, methods, and studies on nutrition. The book starts by discussing intracellular localization through histochemical methods of enzymes and vitamins; the structural changes in vitamin deficiency; and microbiology of digestion. Deficiencies in vitamins, A, C, D, E, B1, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, choline, biotin, and folic acid are noted. The book then focuses on microbiology of digestion, considering the establishment of microbial population in the alimentary tract, results of microbial digestion, antibiotics, and intestinal flora of man. The text also defines the nutrition system of worms, insects, and protozoa. The generation of ATP in terminal respiration and anaerobic glycolysis, as well as ATP's role in energy transfer, is noted. The discussions also focus on hydrolytic and phosphorylitic enzymes, such as carbohydrates, esterases, amidases, phosphatases, and phosporylases. Other topics covered are respiratory enzymes and coenzymes in which nucleotides, glucose diphosphate, diphosphoglyceric acid, and thiamine pyrophosphate are noted. The book notes the functions of iron compounds in the body, particularly in blood and tissues, and then touches on calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Given considerations are calcium and phosphorus in blood, skeletal calcium and phosphorus, and the factors affecting adsorption. A discussion also focuses on trace elements and the effects of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in nutrition. The book is a vital source of data for readers interested in studying the elements, factors, processes, and methods involved in nutrition.
Download or read book INRA feeding system for ruminants written by INRA and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The INRA Feeding System for Ruminants has been renewed to better address emerging challenges for animal nutrition: prevision of productive responses, product quality, animal health and emissions to the environment, in a larger extent of breeding contexts. The new system is mainly built from meta-analyses of large data bases, and modelling. The dietary supply model accounts for digestive interactions and flows of individual nutrients, so that feed values depend on the final ration. Animal requirements account for variability in metabolic efficiency. Various productive and non-productive animal responses to diets are quantified. This book presents the whole system for dairy and meat, large and small ruminant production, including specificities for tropical and Mediterranean areas. The first two sections present biological concepts and equations (with their field of application and statistical accuracy) used to predict intake (including at grazing) and nutrient supply (Section 1), animal’s requirements and multiple responses to diets (Section 2). They apply to net energy, metabolisable protein and amino acids, water, minerals and vitamins. Section 3 presents the use of concepts and equations in rationing with two purposes: (1) diet calculation for a given performance objective; and (2) prediction of the multiple responses of animal to diet changes. Section 4 displays the tables of feed values, and their prevision. All the equations and concepts are embedded in the fifth version of INRAtion® software for practical use.
Download or read book Heat Stress and Animal Productivity written by Anjali Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Anjali Aggarwal is working as a Senior Scientist at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). She holds a PhD degree in Animal Physiology and is involved in research and teaching at post-graduate level. Her area of research work is stress and environmental physiology. She has more than 50 publications, two technical bulletins, four manuals and many book chapters to her credit. She has successfully guided many post-graduate and PhD students. Her major research accomplishments are on microclimatic modification for alleviation of heat and cold stress, mist and fan cooling systems for cows and buffaloes, and use of wallowing tank in buffaloes. Her work involves the use of technology of supplementing micronutrients during dry period and early lactation to crossbred and indigenous cows for alleviating metabolic and oxidative stress and improved health and productivity. Studies are also done in her lab on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes as a result of exercise or exposure to heat stress. Dr. R.C. Upadhyay is working as Head, Dairy Cattle Physiology Division at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). He graduated in Veterinary Sciences and obtained his PhD degree in Animal Physiology. His area of recent research is climate change, stress, and environmental physiology. His major research accomplishment is on climate change impact assessment of milk production and growth in livestock. His work also involves studying methane conversion and emission factors for Indian livestock and use of IPCC methodology of methane inventory of Indian livestock. Heat shock protein-70 expression studies in cattle and buffaloes are also done in his lab. Draught animal power evaluation, fatigue assessment, work-rest cycle and work limiting factors form the highlights of his work. Studies on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes and electrocardiographic studies in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat are also undertaken in his lab. He has more than 75 research papers, four books and several book chapters to his credit. Technologies developed and research done by him include methodology of methane measurement: open and closed circuit for cattle and buffaloes; inventory of methane emission from livestock using IPCC methodology; livestock stress index: thermal stress measurement based on physiological functions; and draught power evaluation system and large animal treadmill system. He received training in Radio-nuclides in medicine at Australian School of Nuclear Technology, Lucas heights, NSW, Australia in 1985 and Use of radioisotopes in cardiovascular investigations at CSIRO, Prospect, NSW, Australia, during 1985-86. He has guided several post-graduate and PhD students. He is recipient of Hari Om Ashram Award-1990 (ICAR) for outstanding research in animal sciences.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-02-09 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
Download or read book Glucose Precursor Supplementation of Holstein and Jersey Cows as a Preventative Treatment for Ketosis in the Transition Period written by Kelly E. Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subclinical ketosis, a common metabolic issue during the transition period for dairy cows, decreases profit for producers due to decreased milk production, reduced fertility, displaced abomasum, and other health issues. Gluconeogenic substrates can treat subclinical ketosis by decreasing ketogenesis and raising blood glucose (Glc) levels. The objectives of this study were to determine if supplementation with a gluconeogenic powdered product (Glucose Booster[superscript TM], Stuhr Enterprises, LLC.) during the transition period influences Glc, [beta]-hydroxybutrate (BHBA), health, and milk production. The powdered product primarily consists of propylene glycol, glycerol, and calcium propionate. Holstein and Jersey multiparous cows at a commercial dairy were systematically enrolled into either a control (C) or glucose precursor treated (GP) group. The total mixed ration fed to treated cows was topdressed daily at a rate of 300g/cow with the GP product starting in the prepartum period and continuing to 21 DIM. Weekly blood samples were analyzed for Glc and BHBA concentrations using NovaMax® meters (Nova Diabetes Care, Inc., Billerica, MA). Weekly milk samples were taken during early lactation, followed by monthly tests after 21 DIM. Holstein (n[subscript GP]=52, n[subscript C]=54) and Jersey (n[subscript GP] =53, n[subscript C]=52) data were analyzed using the MIXED PROC of SAS, with repeated measures by cow, random effect of parity and fixed effects of treatment, period, previous lactation total milk production, and DIM. Jersey cows did not show a response to GP treatment. Holsteins treated with GP were 47% lower in incidence of health events in the first 60 DIM (P=0.05) and 40% lower in the incidence in SCK, which was not significant (P=0.14). Holsteins increased by 4.05 kg/d milk yield (P=0.0011), 0.22 kg/d fat yield (P=0.0002), and 0.12 kg/d protein yield (P=0.0042), while being supplemented with GP. After GP treatment Holsteins continued to produce 2.45 kg/d more milk (P=0.0487), 0.08 kg/d more fat (P=0.17), and 0.08 kg/d protein (P=0.055) to 120 DIM. For Holsteins, supplementation with GP decreased the incidence of negative health events and increased milk production.
Download or read book Biofuel Co products as Livestock Feed written by Harinder P. S. Makkar and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2012 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication covers a wide array of co-products.
Download or read book Effects of an Extruded Flaxseed Supplement on Transition Cow Milk Production and Reproductive Function and Effects of Early Pregnancy on Mediators of Immune Tolerance in Dairy Heifers written by Francesca Anastasia Gambonini and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In dairy cattle, fertility is very important for ensuring efficiency and profitability. Reproductive technologies are constantly improving, but embryonic mortality rates in the first three weeks of gestation still average 40%. Additionally, negative energy balance (NEB) remains an issue for transition cows as it lowers milk yield, suppresses the immune system, and reduces fertility. For these reasons, we studied the effects of feeding an extruded flaxseed supplement on fatty acid concentration in milk and plasma, milk production and composition, incidence of disease postpartum, and reproductive function in transition dairy cows and heifers. In addition, we investigated the effects of early pregnancy and conceptus signaling on temporal expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG) in the peripheral blood of dairy heifers.For the first study, six sequential, 60-day periods were conducted over 12 months on a commercial dairy in Pennsylvania. The periods alternated in receiving the control diet or the treatment diet. The treatment diet included a commercial flaxseed supplement (linPRO-R) formulated to 3% of dry matter intake. Because of the study design, there were multiple subsets of cows differing in the length they received the treatment diet in addition to those that received the diet for the full transition period. The four main subsets were: (1) control group, (2) prepartum group fed the flaxseed diet only in the close up pen, (3) postpartum group fed the flaxseed diet only in the fresh pen, and (4) full treatment group fed the flaxseed diet the entire transition period. Individual cow data was recorded and blood was collected at the beginning of each period for later plasma fatty acid analysis. In the second study, blood was collected from dairy heifers on days 14, 17, and 20 of the estrous cycle and, once inseminated, days 14, 17, 20, and 23 of pregnancy. Peripheral blood leukocytes were isolated and labeled with antibodies for analysis by flow cytometry. Increased incorporation of omega-3 fatty acids into milk and plasma was detected in cows fed the flaxseed supplement. Multiparous cows of the full treatment group and prepartum group had greater milk yield over the first fourteen weeks of lactation when compared to controls. Treatment also increased energy corrected milk, fat yield, protein yield, and somatic cell count. No detrimental effects of treatment on milk fat, incidence of postpartum disease, or cull rates were detected. Treatment increased pregnancy loss by 1.5%. Overall and first service conception rates of primiparous cows from the full treatment group were 69.6% and 76.3%, respectively, and increased compared to the control group. Primiparous cows on flaxseed for 3 full weeks prepartum had 15.5% higher overall conception rates and 18% higher first service conception rates when compared to cows not fed flaxseed prepartum.In the second study, pregnancy tended to increase the proportion of AHR+ cells and the relative abundance of AHR and PPARG per cell in peripheral blood leukocytes of dairy heifers when compared to cyclic controls. Abundant, consistent expression of IDO1 was observed during both the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Interestingly, AHR expression per cell decreased from day 14 to day 20 of pregnancy.Overall, these studies provide new information on immune function in dairy cattle during the transition period and early pregnancy. Results indicate the extruded flaxseed supplement can increase milk yield without causing milk fat depression, along with increasing conception rates of primiparous cows, possibly due to modulation of immune function by omega-3 fatty acids. Additionally, results support the hypothesis that the IDO1-AHR pathway plays a role in mediating immune tolerance toward the semiallogeneic fetus during early pregnancy. Much is still unknown about the regulation of reproductive immunology throughout a cows productive life, but these studies and related, ongoing research will increase understanding and allow for improvements to be made in reproductive efficiency.
Download or read book Clinical Examination of Farm Animals written by Peter Jackson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical examination is a fundamental part of the process ofveterinary diagnosis. Without a proficient clinical examination andan accurate diagnosis it is unlikely that the treatment, control,prognosis and welfare of animals will be optimised. This book will assist veterinary students in their understandingof farm animal clinical examination and act as a quick referencefor clinicians who are called upon to examine an unfamiliarspecies. It will also provide a more detailed account forexperienced clinicians in their continuing professionaldevelopment. The authors provide a simple, explicit and reliable method ofexamining cattle, sheep, pigs and goats of all ages in the searchfor diagnostic information.
Download or read book Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production written by Fulvia Bovera and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-23 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the scientific contributions published within the Animals topical collection “Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production”. Originally a Special Issue, it has turned into a permanent collection, with its first article being published in July 2019 and more than 30 published articles a year later: evidence of the great interest from the scientific community regarding the topics addressed. The articles, which are grouped by species (poultry, ruminants, pigs, etc.) and by topic, deal with a wide range of arguments that, first of all, highlight the extraordinary complexity and diversity that exists in the animal production sector, and then, the great influence that nutrition and feeding can have in terms of optimizing the use of environmental resources and improving the welfare of farmed animals. In addition, all this is closely connected with the urgent need to safeguard the resources of the planet on which we live.
Download or read book Acute Phase Proteins as Early Non Specific Biomarkers of Human and Veterinary Diseases written by Francisco Veas and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volumes of Acute Phase Proteins book consist of chapters that give a large panel of fundamental and applied knowledge on one of the major elements of the inflammatory process during the acute phase response, i.e., the acute phase proteins expression and functions that regulate homeostasis. We have organized this book in two volumes - the first volume, mainly containing chapters on structure, biology and functions of APP, the second volume discussing different uses of APP as diagnostic tools in human and veterinary medicine.
Download or read book Animal Growth Regulation written by Dennis R. Campion and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biotechnological advances of recent years have put us on the brink of unprecedented gains in animal productivity. Manipulation of animal growth rate and composition of gain is now possible by a variety of techniques. Ex amples include ingestion of beta-adrenergic agonists, injection of somatotropin, castration, immunization, and gene insertion. Animal Growth Regulation ad dresses modem concepts of growth regulation with an emphasis on agricul turally important animals. This emphasis is not exclusive, as many situations exist in which the only information available was generated in other species, and this information has been included for the sake of clarity and completeness. However, because of the overall orientation of this volume, particular attention has been given to the regulation of skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and bone growth. Certain hormones and growth factors have a profound influence on growth regulation and this basic physiological knowledge is being harnessed to maniplilate growth. Thus, considerable emphasis has been given to growth hor mone-somatomedinlinsulinlike growth factor regulation of cell and tissue growth. The involvement of peptides coded by protooncogenes and of negative growth regulators, such as transforming growth factor-l3, represents an emerging area of molecular biology wherein basic knowledge offers potential exploitation for growth manipulation. Opportunities also exist for regulation of protein turn over, especially from the standpoint of protein degradation. Therefore, a place was reserved for these topics in order to provide relevant basic knowledge.
Download or read book Mathematical Modelling in Animal Nutrition written by J. France and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of each of the subsequent chapters of this book is to promulgate quantitative approaches concerned with elucidating mechanisms in a particular area of the nutrition of ruminants, pigs, poultry, fish or pets. Given the diverse scientific backgrounds of the contributors of each chapter (the chapters in the book are arranged according to subject area), the imposition of a rigid format for presenting mathematical material has been eschewed, though basic mathematical conventions are adhered to.
Download or read book Farm Animal Metabolism and Nutrition written by J. P. Felix D'Mello and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents specially commissioned reviews of key topics in farm animal metabolism and nutrition, such as repartitioning agents, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy and digestibility and metabolisable energy assays, where major advances have recently been made or which continue to represent issues of significance for students and researchers. Authors include leading researchers from Europe, North America and Australia.
Download or read book Calf and Heifer Rearing written by Philip C. Garnsworthy and published by Nottingham Trent University. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume considers every aspect of calf rearing, from physiological principles to practical systems. Topics include physiology of growth and digestion, nutrient requirements, health and welfare, and lifetime performance. More than half the authors are from outside the UK and all are acknowledged as international experts in their field. This book is aimed at technical advisers, researchers, extension workers, veterinary practitioners, progressive farmers, academics and students.
Download or read book Rumenology written by Danilo Domingues Millen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-22 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book combines information about the behaviour that allowed ruminants to survive and to evolve on Earth: the rumen. Furthermore, the reader will find aspects involving rumen anatomy, physiology, microbiology, fermentation, metabolism, manipulation, kinetics and modeling. Thus, the book was not only organized to help students involved in areas such as ruminant nutrition and ruminant production but collegians gathering material for teaching practices.
Download or read book B Group Vitamins written by Jean Guy LeBlanc and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-09-26 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: B-group vitamins are involved in numerous metabolic reactions and their widespread deficiency can cause a large series of health problems. The aim of this book is to provide an update on the current use and perspectives of B-group vitamins. Novel methods to detect folates in pregnant women, the use and role of folate dentistry, the use of genotype notification to modify food intake behavior, thiamin metabolism in Archaea and its role in plants and in crop improvement, the use of riboflavin in blood safety and niacin in metabolic stress and resistance in dairy cows are some of the subjects that are described in this multitopic book written by authors from seven different countries.
