Download or read book Effects of Gestation and Lactation on Dry Matter Intake Dry Matter Digestibility Ruminal Fermentation and Passage Rates of Primiparous Beef Heifers written by Daniel R. Linden and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of late gestation and early lactation on the nutritional status of beef heifers fed low-quality, warm-season grass hay. The first experiment compared DMI, DM digestibility, and ruminal dynamics of pregnant and lactating beef heifers to non-gestating, non-lactating heifers of a similar age and size. This study demonstrated that pregnant heifers ate less than non-pregnant heifers while maintaining similar digestibilities. Intake was similar between lactating and non-lactating, though DM digestibility increased postpartum in lactating heifers. Ruminoreticular fill was less for pregnant than for non-pregnant heifers; ruminoreticular fill was similar regardless of lactation status. Ruminal NH3 increased with increasing intakes throughout the study. Lactating heifers had less ruminal NH3 than non-lactating heifers. Total ruminal VFA concentration was similar from 10 wk prepartum through 10 wk postpartum except at 2 wk prepartum when gestating heifers had less total ruminal VFA concentration. The second experiment compared DMI, DM digestibility, passage rate, and plasma glucose and BHBA concentrations between pregnant heifers, pregnant cows, lactating heifers, and lactating cows which were fed low-quality, warm-season grass hay supplemented with 450 g/d of soybean meal. This study demonstrated that DMI increased with progressing gestation in heifers. Lactating heifers had greater intake than other groups postpartum. DM digestibility decreased with advancing gestation; gestating animals had greater digestibility than non-gestating animals. Lactation status did not influence DM digestibility, though lactating heifers had greater digestibility from 3 to 7 wk postpartum. Digestibility was not influenced by age. Pregnant animals had faster digesta passage rates than non-pregnant counterparts. Plasma glucose concentration increased during the prepartum period; pregnant and lactating animals had lesser plasma glucose concentrations than non-gestating, non-lactating animals. Plasma BHBA concentration was greater in pregnant and lactating animals than in non-pregnant and non-lactating animal; age was not an influence on BHBA concentration. Calves from mature cows grew faster than calves from heifers. These studies showed that beef heifers do not have the same patterns of intake as mature cows during late gestation. Heifers and their calves exhibited poorer performance when compared to mature cows when fed low-quality, warm-season grass hay.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle written by Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-16 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As members of the public becomes more concious of the food they consume and its content, higher standards are expected in the preparation of such food. The updated seventh edition of Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle explores the impact of cattle's biological, production, and environmental diversities, as well as variations on nutrient utilization and requirements. More enhanced than previous editions, this edition expands on the descriptions of cattle and their nutritional requirements taking management and environmental conditions into consideration. The book clearly communicates the current state of beef cattle nutrient requirements and animal variation by visually presenting related data via computer-generated models. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle expounds on the effects of beef cattle body condition on the state of compensatory growth, takes an in-depth look at the variations in cattle type, and documents the important effects of the environment and stress on food intake. This volume also uses new data on the development of a fetus during pregnancy to prescribe nutrient requirements of gestating cattle more precisely. By focusing on factors such as product quality and environmental awareness, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle presents standards and advisements for acceptable nutrients in a complete and conventional manner that promotes a more practical understanding and application.
Download or read book Effect of Dry Matter Intake Restriction on Energy Balance Ruminal Fermentation and Nutrient Retention by Beef Steers written by Jonathan H. Clark and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of DMI restriction on digestion and metabolism by feedlot steers. In Trial 1, 12 Angus X steers (BW [almost equal to] 450 [plus or minus] 18 kg) were assigned randomly to one of three diets that were formulated to promote a 1.6 kg ADG at intake levels corresponding approximately to 100% (AL), 90% (IR90), or 80% (IR80) of ad libitum DMI. In Trial 2, 12 crossbred steers (BW = 445 [plus or minus] 56 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulae were randomly assigned to one of two diets that were formulated to promote a 1.6 kg ADG at either AL or IR80. All diets delivered similar total NE, MP, Ca, and P per day. During both trials, fecal DM output by IR80 was less (P[greater than or equal to] 0.03) than that of AL; IR90 was similar (P[greater than]0.10) to AL during trial 1. Digestion of DM by IR80 cattle was greater (P[greater than] 0.01) than that of AL during both trials; IR90 was similar (P[greater than]0.10) to AL during trial 1. Metabolizable energy intake (MEI) was similar (P[greater than or equal to] 0.20) between treatments during both trials, whereas P retention was similar (P=0.46) between treatments during trial 2. Total VFA and the molar proportion of acetate of AL were greater (P[greater than]0.03) than that of IR80 during trial 2; however, IR80 had a greater (P[almost equal to]0.03) molar proportion of propionate. Fluid dilution rate was similar (P=0.42) between treatments during trial 2. Under the conditions of these studies, restricting DMI while holding energy and protein intake constant decreased manure production and changed ruminal fermentation patterns in finishing steers. Improvements in performance associated with programmed-feeding regimes of the type studied here do not appear to be related to changes in diet digestion or MEI.
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Moisture on Dry Matter Intake by Lactating Dairy Cows written by Ann Maria De Grassi and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Food Analytical Chemistry Volume 1 written by Ronald E. Wrolstad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-09-02 with total page 1397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizing effective, state-of-the art methodology and written by recognized experts in the field, the Handbook of Food Analytical Chemistry is an indispensable reference for food scientists and technologists to enable successful analysis. * Provides detailed reports on experimental procedures * Includes sections on background theory and troubleshooting * Emphasizes effective, state-of-the art methodology, written by recognized experts in the field * Includes detailed instructions with annotated advisory comments, key references with annotation, time considerations and anticipated results
Download or read book Factors Affecting and the Prediction of Dry Matter Intake for Holstein Dairy Cows written by Merrill Glend May and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book INRA feeding system for ruminants written by INRA and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The INRA Feeding System for Ruminants has been renewed to better address emerging challenges for animal nutrition: prevision of productive responses, product quality, animal health and emissions to the environment, in a larger extent of breeding contexts. The new system is mainly built from meta-analyses of large data bases, and modelling. The dietary supply model accounts for digestive interactions and flows of individual nutrients, so that feed values depend on the final ration. Animal requirements account for variability in metabolic efficiency. Various productive and non-productive animal responses to diets are quantified. This book presents the whole system for dairy and meat, large and small ruminant production, including specificities for tropical and Mediterranean areas. The first two sections present biological concepts and equations (with their field of application and statistical accuracy) used to predict intake (including at grazing) and nutrient supply (Section 1), animal’s requirements and multiple responses to diets (Section 2). They apply to net energy, metabolisable protein and amino acids, water, minerals and vitamins. Section 3 presents the use of concepts and equations in rationing with two purposes: (1) diet calculation for a given performance objective; and (2) prediction of the multiple responses of animal to diet changes. Section 4 displays the tables of feed values, and their prevision. All the equations and concepts are embedded in the fifth version of INRAtion® software for practical use.
Download or read book Forage Digestion and Passage in Dairy Cows written by Randy Duncan Shaver and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dry Matter Intake and Neutral Detergent Fiber Intake of Dairy Cattle written by Dana Marie Allen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Engergy Density on Metabolic Status and Lactation Performance of Periparturient Dairy Cows written by Euler Rabelo and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Prepartum Dry Matter Intake and Forage Percentage on Postpartum Performance of Lactating Diary Cows written by Christopher Scott Holcomb and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of a Novel Pressed Dried Distillers Grain Block During Late Gestation on Dry Matter Intake and Cow Performance and the Impacts of Feed Efficiency on Reproductive Performance written by Chance L. Marshall and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feed costs account for approximately 70% of total production costs in beef cattle operations. Therefore, considering ways to reduce feed intake is necessary to remain profitable. Cattle grazing high elevation range lands of the northwestern United States typically require protein and/or energy supplementation during the winter months when nutrient requirements are increased. Selection of a supplementation program that is effective and minimizes additional costs is imperative. The first study was conducted to 1) evaluate effects of supplementation with a self-limiting pressed dried distiller's grain block, SweetPro ® 16, on cow BW, body composition, and hay intake in late gestation, 2) monitor birth weights and growth characteristics of subsequent offspring. It was determined that supplementation with the SweetPro® 16 decreased intake of forage and increased cow BW and BCS. However, supplementation did not affect body composition, circulating progesterone concentrations, birth weight or pre-weaning growth of offspring. While nutrition represents the largest cost to cow-calf producers, a successful reproductive program is the primary factor affecting profitability. Selection for highly feed efficient cattle may be related to decreased fat deposition leading to increased age at puberty. The second study was conducted to determine if selection for feed efficient heifers may result in decreased reproductive efficiency. Specifically, our objectives were to evaluate the effects of residual feed intake (RFI) ranking on BCS, growth, age of puberty, conception rate, pregnancy rate, and ovarian antral follicle count (AFC). An additional objective was to compare the results of actual RFI for these heifers versus their predicted residual feed intake (PRFI) estimated by the Cornell Cattle Value Discovery System (CCVDS). It was determined that when RFI was predicted using CCVDS, weaning weights, ADG, pre-breeding BW and BCS were greater for heifers with high PRFI compared to heifers with low PRFI. In addition, AFC did not differ between PRFI rankings but high PRFI heifers tended to have greater first service conception rates and did have greater overall pregnancy rates compared to low PRFI heifers. Alternatively, actual RFI rank did not affect BW, body composition, AFC, or fertility but low RFI heifers consumed 21% less feed inputs compared to high RFI heifers. The Cornell system was not a valuable tool for predicting individual heifer RFI ranking, which suggests that performance tests are still necessary for reliable RFI rankings of growing beef heifers.
Download or read book Lipid Digestion and Metabolism in Dairy Cows written by Sérgio de Oliveira Juchem and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Level of Intake Age of Cut and Forage to Concentrate Ratio on Diet Digestibility for Dairy Cows written by Carlos Arturo Llano H. and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Undegradable Protein Fed Prepartum on Subsequent Lactation Reproduction and Health in Holstein Dairy Cattle written by Robert John Van Saun and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Dietary Fiber and Body Condition on the Milk Production Dry Matter Intake and Blood Metabolites of Peripartum Dairy Cows written by Robert Arnold Patton and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Varying Dry Period Length on Lactation Performance Efficiency of Production and Reproduction and Energy Status of Dairy Cattle written by Robin Renee Rastani and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
