Download or read book Effects of Genetic Manipulation of Wine Yeast Characteristics written by Kevin Edward Scott and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Grape and Wine Biotechnology written by Antonio Morata and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-09-04 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Grape and Wine Biotechnology is a collection of fifteen chapters that addresses different issues related to the technological and biotechnological management of vineyards and winemaking. It focuses on recent advances in the field of viticulture with interesting topics such as the development of a microvine model for research purposes, the mechanisms of cultivar adaptation and evolution in a climate change scenario, and the consequences of vine water deficit on yield components. Other topics include the metabolic profiling of different Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeast species and their contribution in modulating the sensory quality of wines produced in warm regions, the use of new natural and sustainable fining agents, and available physical methods to reduce alcohol content. This volume will be of great interest to researchers and vine or wine professionals.
Download or read book Yeasts in the Production of Wine written by Patrizia Romano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well established that certain strains of yeasts are suitable for transforming grape sugars into alcohol, while other yeast strains are not suitable for grape fermentations. Recent progress has clearly demonstrated that the sensory profile of a wine is characteristic of each vine cultivated, and the quality and technological characteristics of the final product varies considerably due to the strains which have performed and/or dominated the fermentation process. Because of their technological properties, wine yeast strains differ significantly in their fermentation performance and in their contribution to the final bouquet and quality of wine, such as useful enzymatic activities and production of secondary compounds related both to wine organoleptic quality and human health. The wine industry is greatly interested in wine yeast strains with a range of specialized properties, but as the expression of these properties differs with the type and style of wine to be made, the actual trend is in the use of selected strains, which are more appropriate to optimize grape quality. Additionally, wine quality can be influenced by the potential growth and activity of undesirable yeast species, considered spoilage yeasts, which cause sluggish and stuck fermentation and detrimental taste and aroma in the wine.
Download or read book Yeast Genetics written by J.F.T. Spencer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past few decades we have witnessed an era of remarkable growth in the field of molecular biology. In 1950 very little was known of the chemical constitution of biological systems, the manner in which information was trans mitted from one organism to another, or the extent to which the chemical basis of life is unified. The picture today is dramatically different. We have an almost bewildering variety of information detailing many different aspects of life at the molecular level. There great advances have brought with them some breath-taking insights into the molecular mechanisms used by nature for rep licating, distributing and modifying biological information. We have learned a great deal about the chemical and physical nature of the macromolecular nucleic acids and proteins, and the manner in which carbohydrates, lipids and smaller molecules work together to provide the molecular setting of living sys tems. It might be said that these few decades have replaced a near vacuum of information with a very large surplus. It is in the context of this flood of information that this series of monographs on molecular biology has been organized. The idea is to bring together in one place, between the covers of one book, a concise assessment of the state of the subject in a well-defined field. This will enable the reader to get a sense of historical perspectiv(}-what is known about the field today-and a description of the frontiers of research where our knowledge is increasing steadily.
Download or read book Genetically Modified Yeasts in Wine Biotechnology written by Agustín Aranda and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern enology relies on the use of selected yeasts, both Saccharomyces and non-conventional, as starters to achieve reliable fermentations. That allows the selection of the right strain for each process and also the improvement of such strain, by traditional methods or approaches involving genetic manipulation. Genetic engineering allows deletion, overexpression and point mutation of endogenous yeast genes with known interesting features in winemaking and the introduction of foreign and novel activities. Besides, it is a powerful tool to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the desirable traits of a good wine strain, as those directed mutations reveal phenotypes of interest. The genetic editing technology called CRISPR-Cas9 allows a fast, easy and non-invasive manipulation of industrial strains that renders cells with no traces of foreign genetic material. Genetic manipulation of non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts has been less common, but those new technologies together with the increasing knowledge on the genome of such strains opens a promising field of yeast improvement.
Download or read book Molecular Wine Microbiology written by Alfonso V. Carrascosa Santiago and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-05-23 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Wine Microbiology features rigorous scientific content written at a level comprehensible for wine professionals as well as advanced students. It includes information on production and spoilage issues, the microbial groups relevant for wine production and microbial wine safety. Microbiology has long been recognized as a key tool in studying wine production, however only recently have wine microbiology studies been addressed at a molecular level, increasing the understanding of how microbiology impacts not only the flavor quality of the wine, but also its safety. Understanding, at a molecular level, how a starter culture can impact ethanol, glycerol, volatile phenols, mannoproteins, biogenic amines or ochratoxin A of a wine are just some of the core points that must be considered in order to achieve maximium consumer acceptability while addressing safety concerns during processing and storage. While other books offer insights into the technological aspects of enology, this book is written by expert microbiologists, who explore the positive and negative impacts of gene function in the production of wine, from a microbiological point of view. Winner of the 2012 Jury Award in Enology from the International Organisation of Vine and Wine Presents the most current methods of studying the microbiology of wine Includes latest identification and typing methods, reducing identification time from days and weeks to minutes and hours Provides important knowledge about the impact of microbiological factors at the molecular level for reduction of wine spoilage and increased wine quality and safety
Download or read book Molecular Genetic Manipulation of Wine Yeasts written by Jenny E. Petering and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Grape and Wine Biotechnology written by Antonio Morata and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-10-19 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grape and Wine Biotechnology is a collective volume divided into 21 chapters focused on recent advances in vine pathology and pests, molecular tools to control them, genetic engineering and functional analysis, wine biotechnology including molecular techniques to study Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeast in enology, new fermentative applications of nonconventional yeasts in wine fermentation, biological aging on lees and wine stabilization, advanced instrumental techniques to detect wine origin and frauds, and many other current applications useful for researchers, lecturers, and vine or wine professionals. The chapters have been written by experts from different universities and research centers of 13 countries being representative of the knowledge, research, and know-how of many wine regions worldwide.
Download or read book Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-07-08 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. In this book, the committee recommended that greater scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of naturally occurring substances, regardless of the method used to create them. The book offers a framework to guide federal agencies in selecting the route of safety assessment. It identifies and recommends several pre- and post-market approaches to guide the assessment of unintended compositional changes that could result from genetically modified foods and research avenues to fill the knowledge gaps.
Download or read book Flavour Science written by Wender L.P. Bredie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-05-10 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The flavor of a food is often the most desirable quality characteristic for the consumer, yet the understanding of flavour is a fascinatingly complicated subject, which calls for interdisciplinary research efforts. This latest volume presents the proceedings of the 11th Weurman Flavour Research Symposium and describes the most recent and original research advances related to the flavour of foods and beverages with contributions of experts from 25 countries world-wide. * Efficiently summarises the current front line research within food flavor* Highlights the modern approaches to flavor production using biotechnology, enzymes and gene-technology * The dynamic effects of manipulation of food in the mouth during consumption influencing the release of flavour compounds is discussed in detail
Download or read book Improving Fructose Utilization in Wine Yeast Using Adaptive Evolution written by Tommaso Liccioli and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most important micro organism involved in the production of fermented alcoholic beverages such as wine. Despite its fermentative capacity and production of desirable metabolites, grape juice represents a hostile environment for yeasts. Sometimes, adverse conditions reduce yeast biomass formation or catabolic capacity, which may lead to stuck or sluggish fermentation. These phenomena represent one of the most common problems during the wine production process and mean that winery throughput is reduced and residual sugar adds unwanted sweetness in dry wine styles while offering substrates for microbial spoilage. The scientific community has always been alert to the problems linked with fermentation, considering the vital role of this organism during the production process. For this reason research has focussed on developing a range of techniques for strain improvement. With the emergence of modern molecular genetics, the new methodologies of hybridization and genetic engineering have been used to isolate and create new yeast strains. However, their application in wine microbiology is not without complications, as genetically modified yeasts are not universally favoured for commercial use in the food industry. A recent development is the notion of using the natural capacity of a population of single celled organisms to adapt themselves to an environment imposing a specific stress. The technique is termed "adaptive evolution" or "directed evolution". In principle the process is simple: when a species is constricted to live and replicate under stressful conditions for many generations, some cells will present adaptive characteristics: i.e. "adaptive mutations" and outgrow the starting population. A key benefit of this technique is that it does not rely on direct manipulation at the level of DNA, and can be used to reproduce the stress conditions found in nature or in fermentation tanks. However, adaptive evolution is a technology that needs to be more fully explored and developed for its possible use in improving wine yeast strains. A possible improvement for wine yeasts targets their sugar catabolic capacity. The different affinity of S. cerevisiae for glucose and fructose is thought to be a cause of stuck or sluggish fermentations in the winemaking process. The possibility of obtaining a strain with improved fructose utilization using adaptive evolution is therefore the topic of this investigation. This thesis describes work that can be divided into four sections. The first part is the identification of a candidate strain from a selection of commercially available wine yeasts. The second part is aimed at evolving the candidate strain under a selective pressure. The third validates new methods for assessing the populations of candidate evolved yeast in order to isolate clones that can metabolize fructose more efficiently compared to the parental strain. The last part is focussed on a deeper investigation and comparison of a number of potentially evolved candidates with the parent. To identify a candidate strain for use in the adaptive evolution process, it was necessary to compare fermentative performances of commercially available strains. Fermentations for 20 strains were conducted in synthetic media, containing fructose as sole sugar or else an equivalent concentration of glucose and fructose. Particular attention was focussed on the rate of fructose consumption relative to glucose, and thus it was necessary to identify a methodology that was independent of sugar concentration, overall fermentation rate or duration. As such the value of the area under the fermentation curves determined by the composite trapezoid rule was utilised to compare glucose and fructose utilisation and hence define the fructophilicity of each strain screened. This approach allowed the most suitable candidate strain to be chosen for the application of adaptive evolution. Accordingly, strain AWRI 796 was cultured under fermentative conditions that elicited an appropriate selective pressure over some 350 generations. Samples of the population were collected every 50 generations for characterization of individual clones. The next stage of the project focussed on the identification of clones which showed improved fructose utilization compared to the parental strain. To define fermentative performance of a high number of isolates from the adaptive evolution experiment, it was necessary to develop screening methodologies. For this purpose fermentations in microtiter plates and automated colorimetric assays for determination of residual sugar were adopted. From 378 clones examined, four were identified to be faster consumers of fructose relative to the parent. Patterns of glucose utilisation in these clones were unchanged. The last stage of the study validated the improved fermentation ability of these novel phenotypes under winemaking related conditions in fermentations of 20 kg of red grapes. In these experiments two isolates again showed a significant reduction in the time required for completion of the fermentation. The results validate the approach used and the selective pressures applied as a means introducing specific improvements into wine yeast strains.
Download or read book Wine Fermentation written by Harald Claus and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wineries are facing new challenges due to actual market demands for the creation of products exhibiting more particular flavors. In addition, climate change has lead to the requirement for grape varieties with specific features, such as convenient maturation times, enhanced tolerance towards dryness, osmotic stress, and resistance against plant-pathogens. The next generation of yeast starter cultures should produce wines with an appealing sensory profile and less alcohol. This Special Issue comprises actual studies addressing some of the problems and solutions for the environmental, technical, and consumer challenges of wine making today: Development of sophisticated mass spectroscopic methods enable the identification of the major metabolite spectrum of grapes/wine and deliver detailed insights in terroir and yeast-specific traits;Knowledge of the origin and reactions of reductive sulphur compounds facilitates the avoidance of unpleasant wine odors;Innovative physical–chemical treatments support effective and sustainable color extraction from red grape varieties;Enological enzymes from yeasts used directly or in the form of starter cultures are promising tools to increase the juice yields, color intensity, and aroma of wine;Natural and artificial Saccharomyces hybrids as well as collections of adapted wild isolates from various ecological niches will extend winemakers repertoire, allowing individual fermentations;Exact process control of wine fermentations by convenient computer programs will guarantee consistently high product quality.
Download or read book Genetics and Breeding of Industrial Microorganisms written by Christopher Ball and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-29 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a clear exposition of genetic principles and problems with comprehensive, up-to-date references. Specialists who have collaborated closely with industry give an inside authentic view of the genetics and breeding of industrial microorganisms such as yeasts, filamentous fungi, actinomycetes, pseudomonads, and other bacteria of major industrial significance. This book will be especially valuable to many professionals in the field of microbial genetics.
Download or read book Biology of Microorganisms on Grapes in Must and in Wine written by Helmut König and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-01 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of the book begins with the description of the diversity of wine-related microorganisms, followed by an outline of their primary and energy metabolism. Subsequently, important aspects of the secondary metabolism are dealt with, since these activities have an impact on wine quality and off-flavour formation. Then chapters about stimulating and inhibitory growth factors follow. This knowledge is helpful for the growth management of different microbial species. The next chapters focus on the application of the consolidated findings of molecular biology and regulation the functioning of regulatory cellular networks, leading to a better understanding of the phenotypic behaviour of the microbes in general and especially of the starter cultures as well as of stimulatory and inhibitory cell-cell interactions during wine making. In the last part of the book, a compilation of modern methods complete the understanding of microbial processes during the conversion of must to wine.This broad range of topics about the biology of the microbes involved in the vinification process could be provided in one book only because of the input of many experts from different wine-growing countries.
Download or read book Functional Genetics of Industrial Yeasts written by Johannes H. de Winde and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-26 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, new yeast species have proven their value and novel biotechnological applications have emerged. This book compiles the multi-faceted genetic repertoire of several yeasts relevant to modern biotechnology, and describes their utilization in research and application in the light of their genetic make-up and physiological characteristics. Moreover, the book presents a thorough overview of a wide array of methodologies from classical genetics to modern genomics technologies that have been and are being used in functional analysis of yeasts.
Download or read book Yeast Sugar Metabolism written by Friedrich K. Zimmermann and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-03-10 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yeast Sugar Metabolism looks at the biomechanics, genetics, biotechnology and applications of yeast sugar. The yeast Saccharomyces cereisiae has played a central role in the evolution of microbiology biochemistry and genetics, in addition to its use of a technical microbe for the production of alcoholic beverages and leavening of dough.
Download or read book Wine Chemistry and Biochemistry written by M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-06 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to describe chemical and biochemical aspects of winemaking that are currently being researched. The authors have selected the very best experts for each of the areas. The first part of the book summarizes the most important aspects of winemaking technology and microbiology. The second most extensive part deals with the different groups of compounds, how these are modified during the various steps of the production process, and how they affect the wine quality, sensorial aspects, and physiological activity, etc. The third section describes undesirable alterations of wines, including those affecting quality and food safety. Finally, the treatment of data will be considered, an aspect which has not yet been tackled in any other book on enology. In this chapter, the authors not only explain the tools available for analytical data processing, but also indicate the most appropriate treatment to apply, depending on the information required, illustrating with examples throughout the chapter from enological literature.
