Download or read book Effects of Fuel Split Ratio on NO3 Emissions of a Lean burn Staged Combustor written by Yang Chen (Researcher in aeronautics) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aviation NOx emissions are a significant factor in causing air quality deterioration, leading to potentially 16,000 annual premature deaths globally. To cope with the expected increase in air traffic demand in the near future, aircraft-based lean-burn staged combustion becomes a promising solution in reducing NOx emissions. This thesis investigates the effects of a lean-burn staged combustor's fuel split ratio and staging threshold on the NOx emissions for both a sea-level static scenario and a representative flight mission. NOx reduction benefits from optimizing the fuel split ratio are studied, and the EINOx performance between an RQL and a lean-burn staged combustor are compared. Chemical reactor networks, NPSS engine cycle models, and a TASOPT flight mission model are utilized. In comparison to previous studies, a wider range of pilot fuel fraction, from 16% to 100%, are tested over more refined thrust cases, from 0% to 100% rated thrust. A wider range of phases, including the cruise conditions in addition to the LTO cycle, is employed in this thesis. This thesis illustrates how a pilot fuel fraction below 30% is infeasible through the calibration of the combustor model. It is found that staging should occur as early as allowed by combustion stability to minimize NOx emissions, and the optimal fuel split ratio is roughly constant across different throttle conditions. Moreover, reducing the air distributed to the pilot zone decreases the overall EINOx level, and the lean-burn staged combustor is observed to outperform an RQL combustor in terms of NOx emissions.
Download or read book Effects of Fuel Split Ratio on NOx Emissions of a Lean burn Staged Combustor written by Yang Chen (Researcher in aeronautics and astronautics) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aviation NO[subscript x] emissions are a significant factor in causing air quality deterioration, leading to potentially 16,000 annual premature deaths globally. To cope with the expected increase in air traffic demand in the near future, aircraft-based lean-burn staged combustion becomes a promising solution in reducing NO[subscript x] emissions. This thesis investigates the effects of a lean-burn staged combustor's fuel split ratio and staging threshold on the NO[subscript x] emissions for both a sea-level static scenario and a representative flight mission. NO[subscript x] reduction benefits from optimizing the fuel split ratio are studied, and the EINO[subscript NOx] performance between an RQL and a lean-burn staged combustor are compared. Chemical reactor networks, NPSS engine cycle models, and a TASOPT flight mission model are utilized. In comparison to previous studies, a wider range of pilot fuel fraction, from 16% to 100%, are tested over more refined thrust cases, from 0% to 100% rated thrust. A wider range of phases, including the cruise conditions in addition to the LTO cycle, is employed in this thesis. This thesis illustrates how a pilot fuel fraction below 30% is infeasible through the calibration of the combustor model. It is found that staging should occur as early as allowed by combustion stability to minimize NO[subscript x] emissions, and the optimal fuel split ratio is roughly constant across different throttle conditions. Moreover, reducing the air distributed to the pilot zone decreases the overall EINO[subscript NOx] level, and the lean-burn staged combustor is observed to outperform an RQL combustor in terms of NO[subscript x] emissions.
Download or read book Effect of Variable Fuel Composition on Emissions and Lean Blowoff Stability Performance written by Andrés Colorado and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrogen oxides NOx why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental Study of the Effect of Cycle Pressure on Lean Combustion Emission written by Gerald Roffe and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of the Fuel Air Mixing on Combustion Instabilities and NOx Emissions in Lean Premixed Combustion written by Wessam Estefanos and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of the fuel-air mixing on combustion instabilities and NO x emissions in lean premixed combustion. High speed PIV measurements in water were conducted to capture the mean and dynamic behavior of the cold flow generated by a 3X model of the tested premixer. High speed PLIF in water measurements were conducted to quantify the mean and unsteady fuel-air mixing at different momentum flux ratios. Atmospheric combustion tests using the original premixer, were conducted using natural gas and propane at the same momentum flux ratios of the PLIF mixing tests. An emissions analyzer was used to measure the emissions from combustion tests. Dynamic pressure transducers were used to measure the amplitude and the frequency of the dynamic pressure oscillations associated with the combustion instabilities. CHEMKIN-PRO was used to model the atmospheric combustion and predict NO x emissions at different conditions. Results showed that unsteady fuel-air mixing was concentrated at the center and near the outer edges of the premixer. These regions were characterized by high fuel concentration gradients. With the increase in the momentum flux ratio, the concentration gradient and the level of unsteady mixing increased, indicating that the fuel-air spatial unmixedness was the source of the unsteady mixing. It was found that local flow turbulence tended to decrease the concentration gradient through enhancing the fuel-air mixing, which resulted in decreasing the level of unsteady mixing. NO x emissions from atmospheric combustion increased with the increase in the momentum flux ratio due to the increase in the flame temperature and the fuel-air spatial and temporal unmixedness. The intensity of the combustion dynamics increased with the increase in the level of unsteady mixing. Axial injection of the fuel into the regions of strong unsteady mixing eliminated the combustion dynamics through damping the unsteady mixing. Results of CHEMKIN-PRO agreed very well with the experimental results and showed that the spatial and temporal unmixedness have a significant effect on NO x emissions for very lean combustion (F = 0.4). With the increase in the equivalence ratio, their relative contribution decreased.
Download or read book Gas Turbine Combustion written by Arthur H. Lefebvre and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-04-26 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the developments in gas turbine combustion technology that have occurred in the last decade, Gas Turbine Combustion: Alternative Fuels and Emissions, Third Edition provides an up-to-date design manual and research reference on the design, manufacture, and operation of gas turbine combustors in applications ranging from aeronautical to po
Download or read book Introduction to Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engine Systems written by Lino Guzzella and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal combustion engines still have a potential for substantial improvements, particularly with regard to fuel efficiency and environmental compatibility. These goals can be achieved with help of control systems. Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) addresses these issues by offering an introduction to cost-effective model-based control system design for ICE. The primary emphasis is put on the ICE and its auxiliary devices. Mathematical models for these processes are developed in the text and selected feedforward and feedback control problems are discussed. The appendix contains a summary of the most important controller analysis and design methods, and a case study that analyzes a simplified idle-speed control problem. The book is written for students interested in the design of classical and novel ICE control systems.
Download or read book Indexes to Publications written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance written by Richard Folkson and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-07-27 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance: Towards Zero Carbon Transportation, Second Edition provides a comprehensive view of key developments in advanced fuels and vehicle technologies to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector. Sections consider the role of alternative fuels such as electricity, alcohol and hydrogen fuel cells, as well as advanced additives and oils in environmentally sustainable transport. Other topics explored include methods of revising engine and vehicle design to improve environmental performance and fuel economy and developments in electric and hybrid vehicle technologies. This reference will provide professionals, engineers and researchers of alternative fuels with an understanding of the latest clean technologies which will help them to advance the field. Those working in environmental and mechanical engineering will benefit from the detailed analysis of the technologies covered, as will fuel suppliers and energy producers seeking to improve the efficiency, sustainability and accessibility of their work. - Provides a fully updated reference with significant technological advances and developments in the sector - Presents analyses on the latest advances in electronic systems for emissions control, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence and legislative requirements - Includes a strong focus on updated climate change predictions and consequences, helping the reader work towards ambitious 2050 climate change goals for the automotive industry
Download or read book Advances in Biodiesel Production written by R Luque and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel is one of the main biofuels capable of substituting fossil fuel usage in compression ignition vehicles, and is used in a variety of fuel blends worldwide. First-generation biodiesel has been used in national markets for some time, with fuel quality standards in place for this purpose. There remain, however, several restrictions to sustainable and long term market development, which is influenced by many factors, including food vs. fuel pressures. The development of new generations of biodiesel, aimed at more sustainable and effective feedstock utilisation alongside improved production efficiency and fuel quality, is critical to the future both of this industry and of the continuing use of biodiesel fuels in transportation.This book provides a timely reference on the advances in the development of biodiesel fuels, production processes and technologies. Part one reviews the life cycle sustainability assessment and socio-economic and environmental policy issues associated with advanced biodiesel production, as well as feedstocks and fuel quality standards. This coverage is extended in Part two, with chapters focussing on the development of methods and catalysts essential to the improvement and optimisation of biodiesel production processes and technologies.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Advances in biodiesel production a standard reference for chemical, biochemical and industrial process engineers, as well as scientists and researchers in this important field. - Provides a timely reference on the advances in the development of biodiesel fuels, production processes and technologies - Reviews the life cycle sustainability assessment and socio-economic and environmental policy issues associated with advanced biodiesel production, as well as feedstocks and fuel quality standards - Discusses the development of methods and catalysts essential to the improvement and optimisation of biodiesel production processes and technologies
Download or read book Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook written by Meherwan P. Boyce and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook has been the standard for engineers involved in the design, selection, and operation of gas turbines. This revision includes new case histories, the latest techniques, and new designs to comply with recently passed legislation. By keeping the book up to date with new, emerging topics, Boyce ensures that this book will remain the standard and most widely used book in this field. The new Third Edition of the Gas Turbine Engineering Hand Book updates the book to cover the new generation of Advanced gas Turbines. It examines the benefit and some of the major problems that have been encountered by these new turbines. The book keeps abreast of the environmental changes and the industries answer to these new regulations. A new chapter on case histories has been added to enable the engineer in the field to keep abreast of problems that are being encountered and the solutions that have resulted in solving them. - Comprehensive treatment of Gas Turbines from Design to Operation and Maintenance. In depth treatment of Compressors with emphasis on surge, rotating stall, and choke; Combustors with emphasis on Dry Low NOx Combustors; and Turbines with emphasis on Metallurgy and new cooling schemes. An excellent introductory book for the student and field engineers - A special maintenance section dealing with the advanced gas turbines, and special diagnostic charts have been provided that will enable the reader to troubleshoot problems he encounters in the field - The third edition consists of many Case Histories of Gas Turbine problems. This should enable the field engineer to avoid some of these same generic problems
Download or read book Nanoscale Materials written by Luis M. Liz-Marzán and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organized nanoassemblies of inorganic nanoparticles and organic molecules are building blocks of nanodevices, whether they are designed to perform molecular level computing, sense the environment or improve the catalytic properties of a material. The key to creation of these hybrid nanostructures lies in understanding the chemistry at a fundamental level. This book serves as a reference book for researchers by providing fundamental understanding of many nanoscopic materials.
Download or read book Society Records written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cost Effectiveness and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
