Download or read book Effects of Fuel Properties on Soot Formation in Turbine Combustion written by D. W. Naegeli and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Fuel Specification and Additives on Soot Formation written by G. S. Samuelsen and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this program was to develop an employ the method necessary to identify the causal effects of fuel properties, additive properties, and combustor operating conditions on soot formation and to provide information needed to evaluate and develop models destined for gas turbine design. Present knowledge of these effects is limited to systems which are either too simple to adequately represent gas turbine combustion or too complex to permit access to detailed optical diagnostics. The projected use by Air Force aircraft of relax-detailed optical diagnostics. The projected use by Air Force aircraft of relaxed specification fuels having an increased tendency to produce soot portends greater difficulty meeting the future USAF aircraft smoke emission goals and makes this information essential. To answer these technical questions, a multifaceted study was undertaken to test candidate model laboratory combustors in the conduct of fuel effects measurement of local soot size and number density, develop and assess the effect of extractive probe perturbation to local values of soot size and number density, employ an extractive probe and sampling system to assess the effect of fuel molecular structure and additives on the physical and chemical properties of soot, and determine the effectiveness of the ASTM smoke point in predicting sooting behavior in complex flows.
Download or read book Fuel Property Effects on Combustion written by Cynthia A. Obringer and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report deals with fuel property effects on gas turbine engine combustors. In order to increase jet fuel availability and decrease cost, the Air Force is investigating alternate feedstocks such as tar sands, shale oils, heavy oils, and coal derived fuels. As these lower quality feedstocks begin to play a major role as sources of military jet fuels, it becomes increasingly important to be able to evaluate the effects of these fuels on engine life and performance. These effects have usually been measured using expensive and time-consuming engine tests. Of major concern in each of these programs was the effects of fuel properties and composition on soot formation, and the effects of soot on engine performance and durability. Being able to predict the change in soot formation due to changing fuel properties would be an invaluable tool in future research and development efforts to eliminate soot formation and its deleterious effects on engines. The reduction in exhaust plume, through reduced soot formation, reduces a vehicle's visibility for tracking and targeting purposes, thus increasing its survivability. It was concluded that smoke and combustion linear radiative heating correlate well with hydrogen content. That hydrogen content is as effective as any parameter at predicting soot formation; and the questioning of the validity of the data, and the need for more and better data.
Download or read book Correlation of Soot Formation in Turbojet Engines and in Laboratory Flames written by Robert K. Gould and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data obtained from aviation gas turbine combustor tests have been examined to determine the effects of fuel properties on soot-related measurements such as engine smoke number, combustor flame radiation, and/or combustor linear temperature. Some tests of smaller laboratory combustors used to simulate these large combustors were also examined. From the existing data it is clear that soot production is a strong function of the fuel chemical composition. Variations in the physical properties of the fuel do not correlate well with soot-related effects. In studies in which a broad range of fuel properties was examined, correlation of soot-related effects with basic fuel compositional parameters including (1) the hydrogen content of the fuel, (2) the aromatic content of the fuel, and (3) the amount of multiple-ring aromatics in the fuel show that typically only the first of these correlates well. However, it has also been shown that fuel compositions can be chosen for which this correlating parameter fails.
Download or read book Gas Turbine Fuels and Their Influence on Combustion written by J. Odgers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1986 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filmed work by students of the School of Design, Swinburne University of Technology.
Download or read book Effects of Gas Turbine Combustion on Soot Deposition written by D. J. White and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of premixing the reaction air and fuel of a gas turbine combustor on soot formation were investigated. Other parameters such as pressure, temperature and reaction zone fuel-air ratio were also evaluated. Soot formation was found to be dominated by fuel-air premixing and could be suppressed readily through a partial premix process. (Author).
Download or read book Fuel Molecular Structure and Flame Temperature Effects on Soot Formation in Gas Turbine Combustors written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties written by J. Lahaye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our interest in Mulhouse for carbon black and soot began some 30 years ago when J.B. Donnet developed the concept of surface chemistry of carbon and its involvement in interactions with gas, liquid and solid phases. In the late sixties, we began to study soot formation in pyrolytic systems and later on in flames. The idea of organ1z1ng a meeting on soot formation originated some four or five years ago, through discussions among Professor J.B. Howard, Dr. A. D'Alessio and ourselves. At that time the scientific community was becoming aware of the necessity to strictly control soot formation and emission. Being involved in the study of surface properties of carbon black as well as of formation of soot, we realized that the combustion community was not always fully aware of the progress made by the physical-chemists on carbon black. Reciprocally, the carbon specialists were often ignoring the research carried out on soot in flames. One objective of this workshop was to stimulate discussions between these two scientific communities. During the preparation of the meeting, and especially during the review process by the Material Science Committee of the Scientific Affairs Division of N.A.T.O. the toxicological aspect emerged as being an important component to be addressed during the workshop. To reflect these preoccupations we invited biologists, physical chemists and engineers, all leaders in their field. The final programme is a compromise of the different aspects of the subject and was divided in five sessions.
Download or read book Fuel Component Effects on Combuster Soot Formation written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal objective of this program was to obtain information on the effect of fuel composition and combustor operating conditions on soot formation in a model laboratory combustor which is representative of aircraft gas turbine engines (GTEs). Work included the development of a laboratory scale combustor that reflects the characteristics of practical GTEs and the blending of a fuel surrogate from pure hydrocarbons to stimulate JP-4. The results show that the soot yield is affected by fuel molecular structure, loading, engine aerodynamics, and pattern of fuel injection. The performance of the combustor was shown to be highly sensitive to the atomizing air conditions of the fuel nozzle.
Download or read book Effect of Fuel Molecular Structure on Soot Formation in Gas Turbine Engines written by D. W. Naegeli and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Broadened Property Fuels on Radiant Heat Flux to Gas Turbine Combustor Liners written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuel Effects on Gas Turbine Combustors and Engines An Annotated Bibliography written by COORDINATING RESEARCH COUNCIL INC ATLANTA GA. and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Partial Contents Include: (1) Flame Radiation, Combustion Liner Temperature, and Combustor Liner Durability; (2) Exhaust Smoke and Soot Formation; (3) Gaseous Emissions and Combustion Efficiency; (4) Flame Ignition and Stability, Reaction Rates, and Spray Characteristics; and (5) Carbon Deposition.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Fuel Development and Fuel Combustion Delivery Order 0007 Abatement of Soot from Military Gas Turbine Engines Via Fuel Additives written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technical objective of this program was to develop fundamental understanding of the complex interactions of additives with the processes that lead to PM emissions from military gas turbine engines and to use that fundamental understanding to select and investigate the most promising additives for reducing PM emissions. Because of the inherent complexity of the combustion processes within gas turbine combustors and great difficulty in making measurements inside combustors, it was not possible to achieve the technical objective of this program by making measurements in gas turbine combustors. Furthermore, due to the complexity of the combustion process in a gas turbine combustor, no single laboratory flame or reactor will suffice as a model for a combustor. Therefore, multiple laboratory devices were applied to study the effects of additives on soot formation processes. These devices included a shock tube, a well-stirred reactor, premixed flames, diffusion flames, a spray flame, and a high pressure turbulent reactor. Experiments were performed at Penn State in four of these devices: a premixed flame, a co-flow diffusion flame, a spray flame and the high pressure turbulent reactor.
Download or read book Fuel Property Effects on Combustor Performance written by C. A. Moses and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two combustor rigs have been used to study the sensitivities of combustor operation to the physical and chemical properties of fuels. Eighteen fuels including synfuels were used to accentuate the properties of concern: composition, viscosity, and boiling-point distribution. Flame radiation and smoke were best correlated by hydrogen content rather than hydrocarbon structure; the soot formation was due to gas-phase reactions. Lean-blowout conditions were about the same for all fuels except that gasoline could be burned leaner at idle conditions. Ignition limits were more sensitive to volatility than viscosity. Gaseous emissions and combustion efficiency were not significantly affected by fuel properties although some sensitivity to boiling point distribution was evident. In all performance areas, the syncrude fuels correlated in the same ways as the petroleum-derived fuels except fo the NOx emissions from the nitrogen containing shale oil fuel. (Author).
Download or read book Soot Particle Inception and Growth Processes in Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present research program is intended to provide a fundamental understanding of the processes controlling soot particle formation under conditions applicable to future gas turbine engine operation. During the current year of the effort, work has emphasized the effects of concentration and temperature on the formation of soot particles. Through a carefully structured study, the effects of adding a diluent to the fuel stream of a diffusion flame have been studied. Measurements and modelling efforts have shown that differences in the initial concentration of fuel are rapidly mitigated by diffusional processes. Consequently, local concentration variations are reduced between the initial undiluted and diluted flow cases. Furthermore, local temperature measurements indicate that even under equal adiabatic flame conditions, the local temperature in the soot forming region can differ by 40K between flames involving nitrogen or argon as the diluent. These differences in temperature are argued, based on previous work by other researchers, to be a possible source for the observed effects on soot formation. Additionally, consideration has been given to residence time effects, largely a result of delays in the onset of soot formation which reduces the effective time for soot growth.
Download or read book Soot and Radiation in a Gas Turbine Combustor written by A. H. Lefebvre and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of pressure, inlet air temperature, and fuel type on the soot threshold or critical equivalence ratio, are presented. Higher pressures yield lower soot thresholds, while no dependence on fuel type, as described by either the fuel hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, fuel molecular weight, number of carbon atoms, or number of carbon-carbon bonds, is observed. Variations in inlet air temperature have a complex effect; however, the results clearly show that the experimentally measured flame temperature is central to a description of the incipient soot formation process. The critical equivalence ratio dependence on pressure and temperature is shown to agree with a two-step semi-global model for soot precursor evolution for pressures form 0.1 to 0.8 MPa, and measured flame temperatures between 1600 and 2400K. The effects of equivalence ratio, pressure, and fuel chemistry on total non-luminous flame radiation were also studied. Radiant intensity was highest for an equivalence ratio of unity and increased linearly with pressure from 0.4 to 0.8 MPa. Keywords: Incipient soot formation, Flame radiation and emissivity, Premixed flames, Pressure dependence.
