Download or read book Effects of Four Interventions on Achieving Exclusive Breastfeeding in Healthy Newborns who Ineffectively Breastfeed written by Carol Lane Weaver and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Primary Care Interventions to Support Breastfeeding written by Carrie D. Patnode and published by . This book was released on with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVE: We conducted this systematic review to support the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) in updating its 2008 recommendation on counseling to promote and support breastfeeding. Our review addressed three questions: 1) What are the effects of prenatal, peripartum, and postpartum individual- and health care system-level interventions to promote and support breastfeeding on child and maternal health outcomes? 2) What are the effects of interventions on the initiation, duration, and exclusivity of breastfeeding? 3) Are there adverse events associated with interventions to promote and support breastfeeding? DATA SOURCES: We performed a search of MEDLINE, PubMed Publisher-Supplied, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycInfo for studies published between January 1, 2008, and September 25, 2015. Studies included in the original USPSTF review were re-evaluated for inclusion. We supplemented searches by examining bibliographies from retrieved articles and consulting outside experts. We searched federal and international trial registries for ongoing trials. STUDY SELECTION: Two researchers reviewed 2,769 abstracts and 211 articles against the prespecified inclusion criteria. Eligible studies included English-language studies conducted in a developed country that evaluated the effectiveness of an individual- or system-level breastfeeding intervention among pregnant women or mothers of full- or near-term infants. We included randomized or cluster randomized, controlled trials for individual-level interventions and controlled before-after or prospective cohort studies for health system or policy interventions that reported health or breastfeeding outcomes. We conducted dual, independent critical appraisal of all provisionally included studies and abstracted all important study details and results from fair- and good-quality studies. Data were independently abstracted by one reviewer and confirmed by another. DATA ANALYSIS: We narratively synthesized the results for health outcomes and adverse events. For breastfeeding outcomes, we synthesized the results by population (adults separately from adolescents or young adults) and intervention focus (individual- vs. system-level approaches). Because of the small number of system-level interventions, we report those results narratively and do not pool the data. For individual-level interventions, we conducted random effects meta-analyses using the DerSimonian and Laird method and calculated pooled risk ratios (RRs) for breastfeeding initiation and for any or exclusive breastfeeding at postpartum time points of less than 3 months, 3 to less than 6 months, and 6 months. We explored potential effect modification by various population and intervention characteristics, such as intention to breastfeed and intervention type, and timing through stratified analyses and meta-regression. We generated funnel plots and conducted tests for small-study effects for all pooled analyses. RESULTS: We included 52 studies that were reported in 57 publications. Thirty one studies were newly identified while 21 studies were carried forward from the previous review. The included studies were highly variable in terms of the country, study population, intervention and control conditions, specific outcome measures, and timing of measurements. Infant and maternal health outcomes. Six trials reported inconsistent effects of the interventions on a range of infant health outcomes, such as gastrointestinal illness, otitis media, respiratory tract illness, and health care use. None of the studies reported maternal health outcomes. Breastfeeding outcomes. On the basis of 43 trials, breastfeeding support and education interventions targeting individuals were associated with a statistically significant higher likelihood of any and exclusive breastfeeding for less than 3 months and at 3 to less than 6 months compared with usual care among adults. Pooled estimates indicated beneficial associations for any breastfeeding for less than 3 months (RR, 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03 to 1.11]; k=26; n=11,588) and at 3 to less than 6 months (RR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.18]; k=23; n=8,942) and for exclusive breastfeeding for less than 3 months (RR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.33]; k=22; n=8,246) and at 3 to less than 6 months (RR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.05 to 1.38]; k=18; n=7,027). At 6 months, individual-level interventions among adults were associated with a 16 percent higher likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding (RR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.02 to 1.32]; k=17; n=7,690) but not any breastfeeding. Absolute differences in the rates of any breastfeeding ranged from 14.1 percent in favor of the control group to 18.4 percent in favor of the intervention group. The association between individual-level interventions and breastfeeding initiation was not statistically significant based on the pooled point estimate, but the CI did not rule out potential benefit (RR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.99 to 1.02]; k=14; n=9,428). There was some suggestion that interventions that took place during a combination of prenatal, peripartum, or postpartum time periods were more effective than those that took place only during one time period. There was no indication of effect modification by other intervention characteristics or by population subgroups. All four trials of individual-level interventions among adolescents or young adults reported higher rates of breastfeeding among intervention versus control group participants. There was limited, mixed evidence from well-controlled studies of an association between system-level interventions and rates of breastfeeding. Adverse events. Two trials among adults reported on adverse events related to a breastfeeding support intervention. One trial found no significant differences between groups in maternal anxiety at 2 weeks. The other reported that a few mothers expressed feelings of anxiety and decreased confidence in their breastfeeding abilities despite breastfeeding going well and therefore discontinued their participation in the peer counseling intervention. LIMITATIONS: There were a number of threats to internal validity within the included studies. Details regarding the measurement of breastfeeding outcomes, sociodemographic and breastfeeding-related population characteristics, and intervention and usual care characteristics were lacking. Our pooled analyses relied on unadjusted breastfeeding rates and did not control for potential confounding. CONCLUSIONS: The body of fair- to good-quality evidence related to primary care interventions to support breastfeeding has nearly doubled since the release of the 2009 USPSTF review and recommendation. The updated evidence confirms that breastfeeding support and education provided by professionals and peers to individual women, regardless of the mother's age, is associated with an increase in the duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding. There are limited well-controlled studies examining the effectiveness of system-level policies and practices on rates of breastfeeding, as well as on child health, and none for maternal health.
Download or read book Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2003 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WHO and UNICEF jointly developed this global strategy to focus world attention on the impact that feeding practices have on the nutritional status, growth and development, health, and thus the very survival of infants and young children. The strategy is the result of a comprehensive two-year participatory process. It is based on the evidence of nutrition's significance in the early months and years of life, and of the crucial role that appropriate feeding practices play in achieving optimal health outcomes. The strategy is intended as a guide for action; it identifies interventions with a proven positive impact; it emphasizes providing mothers and families the support they need to carry out their crucial roles, and it explicitly defines the obligations and responsibilities in this regards of governments, international organizations, and other concerned parties.
Download or read book A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Professional Breastfeeding Support Intervention to Increase the Exclusivity and Duration of Breastfeeding written by Chui-Yuk Idy Fu and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Professional Breastfeeding Support Intervention to Increase the Exclusivity and Duration of Breastfeeding" by Chui-yuk, Idy, Fu, 傅翠玉, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Breastmilk is the most natural and complete nutrition for infants, and breastfeeding incurs numerous benefits for both infants and mothers. The World Health Organization recommends that mothers exclusively breastfeed their infants for six months and continue breastfeeding for up to two years of age and beyond. More than 80% of Hong Kong mothers now initiate breastfeeding. However, overall breastfeeding duration remains short and rates of exclusive breastfeeding are low. Premature weaning is influenced by multiple factors, and mothers require additional support from healthcare professionals to overcome various lactation difficulties in the early postpartum period. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two postnatal professional support interventions on the duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of in-hospital support and post-discharge telephone support on breastfeeding outcomes among first-time mothers in Hong Kong. Seven hundred and twenty two mother-infant pairs with uncomplicated, full-term pregnancies were recruited from the postnatal units of three large public hospitals. With the hospital as the unit of randomization, participants were allocated to standard care (n=263), in-hospital support (n=191), or post-discharge telephone support (n=268). Mothers in the in-hospital group were given three individualized breastfeeding support sessions during the postnatal hospitalization, with two sessions given in first 24 hours after birth and one the following day, providing lactation knowledge and instructions on breastfeeding techniques. Participants in the telephone group were provided with weekly 30-minute breastfeeding counseling and support sessions for the first four weeks after delivery, with first contact initiated within 72 hours after discharge. The primary study outcomes were the prevalence of any and exclusive breastfeeding at one, two and three months postpartum. Seven hundred (97%) participants completed the six-month follow-up, while eleven had partial follow-up and eleven could not be contacted. The rates of any and exclusive breastfeeding were higher among participants in the two intervention groups at all follow-up points when compared with those who received standard care. Participants receiving the telephone support were significantly more likely to continue any breastfeeding at one month (76.2% vs. 67.3%; OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.10-2.41) and two months (58.6% vs. 48.9%; OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.04-2.10), and to be exclusively breastfeeding at one month (28.4% vs. 16.9%; OR=1.90, 95% CI 1.24-2.91). Participants in the in-hospital support group were also more likely to be breastfeeding at all time points in the first six months but the effect was not statistically significant. Early professional breastfeeding support, especially weekly telephone counseling, significantly increased the rates of any and exclusive breastfeeding in the early postpartum period and significantly increased overall breastfeeding duration in the first six months among first-time mothers. Additional postnatal professional support when given to breastfeeding mothers on a one-to-one basis can improve breastfeeding outcomes. While hospital practices need to be strengthened to further promote and support breastfeeding, more well-designed
Download or read book Effects of Breastfeeding on Infants and Later Life written by Andrea Williams and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to Horta, Bahl, MartineÌ1s, and others (2007), breastfeeding displays the short-term significance for child health, which mostly includes protection against morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. The research suggests that breastfeeding mothers should be provided with complete guidelines and information on the benefits of breastfeeding a baby. This will encourage the mothers to breastfeed their babies to avoid future infections such obesity, high blood pressure, and body cholesterol. Martin, Ben Shlomo, Gunnell, Elwood, Yarnell, Davey (2005) performed research to examine the relation of having been breastfed with cardiovascular disease risk factors, mortality, and incidence. Contrastingly, only 36% of newborn babies are exclusively breastfed (Sguassero, 2008). The matter becomes worse in developing and poor countries where children face poor feeding practices and patterns. For example, many mothers fail to exclusively breastfeed (EBF) for the first six months (which nurses recommend) and failure to breastfeed their babies within the first hours of life. This issue causes death to 800,000 children of less than five years per year (UNICEF, 2014). The study seeks to increase the rate of breastfeeding by utilizing theory of planned behavior (TPB). Thereafter, cross-section survey will be conducted in two phases that include 1 month and six months. Three hundred and eighty-four randomly selected mothers of reproductive age will take part in the study. The findings will be disseminated through media, press release, local events, and community meetings.
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 2 written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.
Download or read book Counselling for Maternal and Newborn Health Care written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main aim of this practical Handbookis to strengthen counselling and communication skills of skilled attendants (SAs) and other health providers, helping them to effectively discuss with women, families and communities the key issues surrounding pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, postnatal and post-abortion care. Counselling for Maternal and Newborn Health Careis divided into three main sections. Part 1 is an introduction which describes the aims and objectives and the general layout of the Handbook. Part 2 describes the counselling process and outlines the six key steps to effective counselling. It explores the counselling context and factors that influence this context including the socio-economic, gender, and cultural environment. A series of guiding principles is introduced and specific counselling skills are outlined. Part 3 focuses on different maternal and newborn health topics, including general care in the home during pregnancy; birth and emergency planning; danger signs in pregnancy; post-abortion care; support during labor; postnatal care of the mother and newborn; family planning counselling; breastfeeding; women with HIV/AIDS; death and bereavement; women and violence; linking with the community. Each Session contains specific aims and objectives, clearly outlining the skills that will be developed and corresponding learning outcomes. Practical activities have been designed to encourage reflection, provoke discussions, build skills and ensure the local relevance of information. There is a review at the end of each session to ensure the SAs have understood the key points before they progress to subsequent sessions.
Download or read book Parenting Matters written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.
Download or read book Pregnancy Childbirth Postpartum and Newborn Care written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended to provide evidence-based recommendations to guide health care professionals in the management of women during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum, and newborns, and the post abortion, including management of endemic deseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, TB and anaemia. This edition has been updated to include recommendations from recently approved WHO guidelines relevant to maternal and perinatal health. These include pre-eclampsia & eclampsia; postpartum haemorrhage; postnatal care for the mother and baby; newborn resuscitation; prevention of mother-to- child transmission of HIV; HIV and infant feeding; malaria in pregnancy, interventions to improve preterm birth outcomes, tobacco use and second-hand exposure in pregnancy, post-partum depression, post-partum family planning and post abortion care.
Download or read book Obstetrics Normal and Problem Pregnancies E Book written by Steven G. Gabbe and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2016-03-18 with total page 1426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After 30 years, Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies remains your go-to choice for authoritative guidance on managing today’s obstetric patient. International experts put the latest knowledge in this specialty at your fingertips, with current and relevant information on everything from fetal origins of adult disease, to improving global maternal health, to important topics in day-to-day obstetrical practice. Highly readable, well-illustrated, and easy to understand, this bestselling obstetrics reference is an ideal tool for residents and clinicians. Take advantage of the collective wisdom of global experts in the field, including two new editors— Drs. Vincenzo Berghella and William Grobman -- and nearly 30 new contributors. Gain a new perspective on a wide range of today's key issues - all evidence-based and easy to read. Sweeping updates throughout including four new chapters: ‘Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Delivery’; ‘Placenta Accreta’; ‘Obesity’; and ‘Improving Global Maternal Health: Challenges and Opportunities’ New Glossary of the most frequently used key abbreviations for easy reference Expanded use of bolded statements and key points as well as additional tables, flow diagrams, and bulleted lists facilitates and enhances the mastery of each chapter More than 100 images in the Obstetrical Ultrasound chapter provide an important resource for normal and abnormal fetal anatomy
Download or read book Nursing Interventions Classification NIC written by Gloria M. Bulechek, PhD, RN, FAAN and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the full range of nursing interventions, Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), 6th Edition provides a research-based clinical tool to help in selecting appropriate interventions. It standardizes and defines the knowledge base for nursing practice while effectively communicating the nature of nursing. More than 550 nursing interventions are provided - including 23 NEW labels. As the only comprehensive taxonomy of nursing-sensitive interventions available, this book is ideal for practicing nurses, nursing students, nursing administrators, and faculty seeking to enhance nursing curricula and improve nursing care. More than 550 research-based nursing intervention labels with nearly 13,000 specific activities Definition, list of activities, publication facts line, and background readings provided for each intervention. NIC Interventions Linked to 2012-2014 NANDA-I Diagnoses promotes clinical decision-making. New! Two-color design provides easy readability. 554 research-based nursing intervention labels with nearly 13,000 specific activities. NEW! 23 additional interventions include: Central Venous Access Device Management, Commendation, Healing Touch, Dementia Management: Wandering, Life Skills Enhancement, Diet Staging: Weight Loss Surgery, Stem Cell Infusion and many more. NEW! 133 revised interventions are provided for 49 specialties, including five new specialty core interventions. NEW! Updated list of estimated time and educational level has been expanded to cover every intervention included in the text.
Download or read book Breastfeeding written by Cecília Tomori and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-22 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breastfeeding: New Anthropological Approaches unites sociocultural, biological, and archaeological anthropological scholarship to spark new conversations and research about breastfeeding. While breastfeeding has become the subject of intense debate in many settings, anthropological perspectives have played a limited role in these conversations. The present volume seeks to broaden discussions around breastfeeding by showcasing fresh insights gleaned from an array of theoretical and methodological approaches, which are grounded in the close study of people across the globe. Drawing on case studies and analyses of key issues in the field, the book highlights the power of anthropological research to illuminate the evolutionary, historical, biological, and sociocultural context of the complex, lived experience of breastfeeding. By bringing together researchers across three anthropological subfields, the volume seeks to produce transformative knowledge about human lactation, breastfeeding, and human milk. This book is a key resource for scholars of medical and biological anthropology, evolutionary biology, bioarchaeology, sociocultural anthropology, and human development. Lactation professionals and peer supporters, midwives, and others who support infant feeding will find the book an essential read.
Download or read book Impact of Birthing Practices on Breastfeeding written by Linda J. Smith and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2009-09-24 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text examines the research and evidence connecting birth practices to breastfeeding outcomes. It takes an in-depth look at the post-birth experiences of the mother and baby, using the baby’s health as the vehicle and the intact mother-baby dyad as the model to address birth practices that affect breastfeeding. The Second Edition has been completely revised to include new information on infant outcomes, including epidural anesthesia and Cesarean surgery, clinical strategies for helping the mother and baby recover from birth injuries, medications and complications, and information on Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiatives with a Mother-Friendly Module.
Download or read book Breastfeeding and Breast Milk from Biochemistry to Impact written by Göran Larsson and published by Thieme Medical Publishers. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Evidence-Based Reference Book: A Key Resource for Decision Makers and Practitioners. Exploring the multifaceted, multidisciplinary and complex world of breastfeeding, breast milk and lactation. This book provides a factual, scientifically robust overview of the key topics written by leading experts at the heart of breastfeeding and breast milk. It aims to empower decision makers and practitioners with the knowledge required to increase promotion, protection and support for breastfeeding and the use of breast milk. This book is a compilation of evidence-based feature articles covering one of nature's most valuable resources -- breast milk. Based in Zug, Switzerland, the Family Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation is an independent charitable organisation that promotes research in breast milk and lactation.
Download or read book Complementary Feeding written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is a training resource that deals with the period prior to successful weaning when a child continues to receive breast milk but also needs increasing amounts of addtional complementary foods to ensure healthy development. It is intended as a practical learning tool for all those responsible for the health and nutrition of young children, particularly health and nutrition workers, and their trainers.
Download or read book Clinical Guidelines for the Establishment of Exclusive Breastfeeding written by Amy Spangler and published by . This book was released on 2014-03-21 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This evidence-based publication features expected outcomes for mothers and babies along with 21 specific management strategies to guide clinicians in caring for breastfeeding families. Rationale and extensive research citations accompany the outcomes and strategies.
Download or read book Guidelines for Perinatal Care written by American Academy of Pediatrics and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide has been developed jointly by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and is designed for use by all personnel involved in the care of pregnant women, their foetuses, and their neonates.
