Download or read book Effects of Flood Inundation and Invasion by Reed Canarygrass on Nitrogen Cycling in an Upper Mississippi River Floodplain Forest written by Whitney Swanson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Floodplain forests provide ecosystem services such as nutrient storage and rapid biogeochemical cycling which may reduce transport of nitrogen (N) downstream. Invasion by nuisance plant species, however, may modify a floodplain's ability to capture N by altering soil properties, litter decomposition rates, N availability, and rates of N cycling. I examined the effect of flooding on soil properties and N cycling at a floodplain site in Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River with two different plant communities: mature native forest (Acer saccarinum) and patches of an invasive grass (Phalaris arundinacea). Plots were established within each vegetation type along an elevation gradient and sampled throughout the summers of 2013 and 2014. Spatial trends in flooding resulted in better conditions for microbial activity in low elevations. Nutrient processes and NH4 and NO3− availability, however, were best explained by vegetation type and time after flooding. Phalaris plots maintained higher rates of nitrification and higher concentrations of available NH4+ and NO3−. These results suggest that invasion by Phalaris may make nitrogen more readily available and could help to reinforce this species' persistence in floodplain wetlands. They also raise the possibility that Phalaris may decrease floodplain N storage capacity.

Download or read book Suppression of Reed Canarygrass for Large scale Floodplain Forest Restoration Across Four Sites in Southeast Minnesota USA written by William R. Kiser and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments can provide insight on whether invasive plant dominance is caused by superior competitive ability (driver) or by environmental changes that facilitate plant invasion (passenger). Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea, hereafter RCG) displaces native plants and forms near-monocultures in North American wetlands. In the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) system, floodplain forests are negatively impacted by RCG invasion. We tested two RCG control techniques on a reforestation project at four sites in SE Minnesota. Treatments consisted of (1) applying glyphosate (Rodeo) herbicide and (2) mulching followed by applying sulfometuron methyl (Oust XP) herbicide. Treatments were applied in Fall 2016. We monitored herbaceous plant response and RCG performance over the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. We also calculated the number of days flooded in each plot for the 2017 growing season using linear interpolation of river gauge data. Both treatment methods significantly reduced RCG performance relative to controls during the 2017 growing season; however, RCG performance in treatment plots was similar to control plots during the 2018 growing season. Herbaceous plants increased in species richness and cover relative to control plots, although volunteer plant diversity varied among sites. These results indicate that follow-up herbicide applications are necessary to control RCG to facilitate tree establishment. Further, flooding and lack of native propagules may be factors in RCG invasions. Our results indicate that RCG may behave as a driver in some parts of the UMR and as a passenger in parts of the UMR that are more affected by hydrologic alteration.

Download or read book Forest Response to High Duration and Intensity Flooding Along Pool 26 of the Upper Mississippi River written by Robert J. Cosgriff and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many natural resource managers could not anticipate the effects that the flood of 1993 would have on floodplain forests of the Upper Mississippi River. Previous experience suggested that floodplain forests were adapted to such events and should only experience removal of upland a non-native species. However, when trees considered highly flood tolerant did not leaf out in the spring of 1994, natural resource managers began to realize the serious impact that a large-scale flood could have on floodplain forest communities. To better understand these impacts, researchers with the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program at Pool 26 of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) began describing forest community response to the large-scale flood of 1993. The floodplain forests of the UMRS are some of the most productive ecosystems worldwide. These communities provide habitat and forage for many species of wildlife, produce timber, and provide a valuable carbon dioxide sink. Like many other plant communities, floodplain forest successional patterns are largely driven by disturbance events (e.g., fire, wind-throw, flooding, drought, and physical erosion/deposition). Black willow and eastern cottonwood regenerate on recent deposits of substrate (mainly sand) created by the river. As a result of annual floods, fine sediment drops out of suspension and the low landform occupied by the willow/cottonwood community develops into a low terrace. At the same time, the willow/cottonwood community is gradually being replaced by silver maple and green ash. The process of terrace building continues and communities of mixed forests and oak forests develop as elevation increases and the frequency of flooding decreases. Understanding how these communities respond to the various disturbance events, particularly large scale flooding, is important to natural resource managers who are trying to manage for specific or diverse floodplain forest communities.

Download or read book Forest Response to High Duration and Intensity Flooding Along Pool 26 of the Upper Mississippi River written by Robert J. Cosgriff and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many natural resource managers could not anticipate the effects that the flood of 1993 would have on floodplain forests of the Upper Mississippi River. Previous experience suggested that floodplain forests were adapted to such events and should only experience removal of upland a non-native species. However, when trees considered highly flood tolerant did not leaf out in the spring of 1994, natural resource managers began to realize the serious impact that a large-scale flood could have on floodplain forest communities. To better understand these impacts, researchers with the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program at Pool 26 of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) began describing forest community response to the large-scale flood of 1993. The floodplain forests of the UMRS are some of the most productive ecosystems worldwide. These communities provide habitat and forage for many species of wildlife, produce timber, and provide a valuable carbon dioxide sink. Like many other plant communities, floodplain forest successional patterns are largely driven by disturbance events (e.g., fire, wind-throw, flooding, drought, and physical erosion/deposition). Black willow and eastern cottonwood regenerate on recent deposits of substrate (mainly sand) created by the river. As a result of annual floods, fine sediment drops out of suspension and the low landform occupied by the willow/cottonwood community develops into a low terrace. At the same time, the willow/cottonwood community is gradually being replaced by silver maple and green ash. The process of terrace building continues and communities of mixed forests and oak forests develop as elevation increases and the frequency of flooding decreases. Understanding how these communities respond to the various disturbance events, particularly large scale flooding, is important to natural resource managers who are trying to manage for specific or diverse floodplain forest communities.

Download or read book The Effects of Flooding on Species Composition and Structure in a Floodplain Forest Community Mud Island Mississippi River written by Jamie Catherine Chandler and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Breaking the Cycle written by Michael Paul Merriman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Restoring invaded ecosystems requires the reduction of any positive feedbacks created by the invader. Feedbacks created by reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) in theUpper Mississippi River floodplain include early season growth, a thick canopy and an extensive belowground rhizome system. We tested a novel restoration strategy designed to reduce these feedbacks by applying broad spectrum herbicide (glyphosate) in late fall 2012 and 2013, and by planting willows as a native competitor. We conducted the experiment in a site dominated by reed canarygrass in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) floodplain south of La Crosse, WI over two growing seasons. In the first year of the experiment, glyphosate reduced reed canarygrass percent cover early in the growing season. At the end of the second year, glyphosate reduced reed canarygrass belowground biomass. Willow stakes that were planted in fall resulted in poor establishment. Stakes that were planted in spring exhibited higher height and canopy spread in glyphosate- treated plots. Ground-level light availability was higher in plots that had surviving willows than in plots without willows. Thus, results demonstrate the potential for willow stakes to establish in dense reed canarygrass, but additional information on how to maximize the success of the approach is still needed.

Download or read book Flooding and Plant Growth written by Bozzano G Luisa and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flooding and Plant Growth covers the state of knowledge and opinion on the effects of flooding of soil with fresh or salt water on the metabolism and growth of herbaceous and woody plants. The book discusses the extent, causes, and impacts of flooding; the effects of flooding on soils and on the growth and metabolism of herbaceous plants; and the responses of woody plants to flooding. The text also describes the effect of flooding on water, carbohydrate, and mineral relations, as well as the effects of flooding on hormone relations and on plant disease. The adaptations to flooding with fresh water and the adaptations of plants to flooding with salt water are also encompassed. Agronomists, biochemists, plant ecologists, engineers, foresters, horticulturists, plant anatomists, meteorologists, geneticists, plant breeders, plant physiologists, and landscape architects will find the book invaluable.

Download or read book The Effects of Hydrologic Modifications on Floodplain Forest Tree Recruitment and Growth in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley USA written by Hugo Gee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book First Season Effects of Managed Flooding on the Invasive Species Phalaris Arundinacea L and Shoreline Vegetation Communities in an Urban Wetland written by Noah John Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impacts of Flooding Regime Modification on Wildlife Habitats of Bottomland Hardwood Forests in the Lower Mississippi Valley written by Charles V. Klimas and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Flooding and Forest Succession in a Modified Stretch Along the Upper Mississippi River written by Yin Yao and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Indicators of Ecosystem Structure and Function for the Upper Mississippi River System written by Nathan R. De Jager and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Flooding on Growth Survival and Recovery of Perennial Grass and Legume Forages written by Erin Zahradka and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flooding is detrimental to most terrestrial perennial forage species, often impacting shoot growth and survival. Three sets of plants, legumes, grasses, and alfalfa lines with altered levels of phytoglobin, were treated with either flooding or non-flooding for 10 and 21 days or 14 and 28 days and then allowed to recover for two weeks. Various shoot and root measurements were taken to determine flooding tolerance. Most species tested were negatively impacted by flooding, but two grasses, timothy and reed canarygrass developed positive growth effects. Of the legumes, birds-foot trefoil was highly tolerant of flooding while alfalfa was the most intolerant. Plants with less root damage had greater tolerance, and the presence of aerenchyma led to better root growth. Increased levels of phytoglobin seemed to impart some advantage, but the period of improvement differed between lines. Overall, species flooding tolerance differed with aerenchyma, other root characteristics, and high levels of phytoglobin improved growth and survival.

Download or read book The Influence of Restored Flooding on Floodplain Plant Distributions written by Wendy Bryan Trowbridge and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Hydroperiod on Floodplain Forest Production written by Joe Bill Birch and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Light Availability and Resourse Subsidy on the Vegetative Spread of Phalaris Arundinacea L Reed Canarygrass in Wetland written by Debbie Maurer and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecohydrology Effects of an Invasive Grass Phalaris Arundinacea on Semi arid Riparian Zones written by Adam D. Gebauer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Riparian areas (floodplains) provide key ecological functions that are linked to the ecohydrology however; they are particularly susceptible to invasion by alien species. In much of the western United States, riparian zones are shifting from native woody and herbaceous species to invasive grass dominated ecosystems that may alter hydrology, including changes to stream flow. Compared to the woody species they often replace, dense grass stands may have higher rates of growth (productivity) and water loss through leaves (transpiration), yet may access shallower water sources and thus reduce stream flow. In eastern Washington, many streams experience low flow that degrades water quality, concentrates pollutants, and reduces habitat. Most of these streams' riparian zones have extensive stands of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). Reed canary grass was historically planted for erosion control and as a forage crop, but its ability to invade and create monotypic stands has allowed it to out compete native vegetation in riparian areas throughout much of the temperate United States. My goal is to determine the effect of reed canary grass on the ecohydrology of riparian zones along low order streams in a semi-arid region. I conducted vegetation, groundwater, and stream flow surveys at nine sites along four watersheds to determine community composition and hydrologic regime measured the length of the growing season for nine riparian species. I measured the amount of biomass and calculated the amount of photosynthetic surface for dense stands of nine riparian species. The amount of water used by different species was determined by measuring transpiration rates of reed canary grass and other riparian species throughout the growing season. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes from different water sources (stream water and deep groundwater) were used to determine the proportion of water sources use by different plants species. Reed canary grass was found with greater cover than other riparian species on low elevation geomorphic positions in the riparian zone. It had the longest growing season by two weeks. Although its transpiration rates per unit leaf area are not exceptional compared to other species, its high specific leaf area and ability to produce dense stands of photosynthetic biomass results in more photosynthetic surface through which to transpire water than any other riparian species. Reed canary grass was found to rely heavily on surface water sources along different elevations in the riparian zone. My results implicate reed canary grass as a major factor in the regional low stream flow during the growing season. Although the presence of reed canary grass can add some benefits to a riparia buffer, I present strong evidence that it is altering the ecohydrology of these ecosystems. The management of this grass, particularly in a semi-arid region, could improve water quality and quantity"--Document.