Download or read book Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Ozone on Tree insect parasitoid Interactions written by M. Kim Holton and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Consequences of Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Ozone for Interactions Between Deciduous Trees and Lepidopteran Folivores written by Brian Joseph Kopper and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ecology of Plant Secondary Metabolites written by Glenn R. Iason and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-19 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) such as terpenes and phenolic compounds are known to have numerous ecological roles, notably in defence against herbivores, pathogens and abiotic stresses and in interactions with competitors and mutualists. This book reviews recent developments in the field to provide a synthesis of the function, ecology and evolution of PSMs, revealing our increased awareness of their integrative role in connecting natural systems. It emphasises the multiple roles of secondary metabolites in mediating the interactions between organisms and their environment at a range of scales of ecological organisation, demonstrating how genes encoding for PSM biosynthetic enzymes can have effects from the cellular scale within individual plants all the way to global environmental processes. A range of recent methodological advances, including molecular, transgenic and metabolomic techniques, are illustrated and promising directions for future studies are identified, making this a valuable reference for researchers and graduate students in the field.
Download or read book A History of Atmospheric CO2 and Its Effects on Plants Animals and Ecosystems written by James R. Ehleringer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-07-28 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based in extensive research in geology, atmospheric science, and paleontology, this book offers a detailed history of CO2 in the atmosphere, and an understanding of factors that have influenced changes in the past. The text illuminates the role of atmospheric CO2 in the modern carbon cycle and in the evolution of plants and animals, and addresses the future role of atmospheric CO2 and its likely effects on ecosystems.
Download or read book Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates written by Scott N. Johnson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-30 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invertebrates perform such vital roles in global ecosystems—and so strongly influence human wellbeing—that biologist E.O. Wilson was prompted to describe them as “little things that run the world.” As they are such powerful shapers of the world around us, their response to global climate change is also pivotal in meeting myriad challenges looming on the horizon—everything from food security and biodiversity to human disease control. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the latest scientific knowledge and contemporary theory relating to global climate change and terrestrial invertebrates. Featuring contributions from top international experts, this book explores how changes to invertebrate populations will affect human decision making processes across a number of crucial issues, including agriculture, disease control, conservation planning, and resource allocation. Topics covered include methodologies and approaches to predict invertebrate responses, outcomes for disease vectors and ecosystem service providers, underlying mechanisms for community level responses to global climate change, evolutionary consequences and likely effects on interactions among organisms, and many more. Timely and thought-provoking, Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates offers illuminating insights into the profound influence the simplest of organisms may have on the very future of our fragile world.
Download or read book Climate Change Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by John J. Couture and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic activities are increasing concentrations of atmospheric pollutants, especially atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3, that play significant roles in the functioning of forest ecosystems. Elevated levels of CO2 and O3 alter tree metabolism, growth, and chemical composition. Shift in chemical composition may, in turn, cascade through trophic levels to influence ecosystem processes important for forest functioning. As the most abundant animals in forest ecosystems, arthropods influence multiple facets of ecosystem functioning, including herbivory, predation, and nutrient cycling. In this chapter, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of atmospheric change on tree foliar chemistry and address the responses by forest arthropods to atmospheric change at the individual, population, community, and ecosystem levels. We identify knowledge gaps and highlight future research directions that will further our understanding of the influence of atmospheric change on forest ecosystems in future environments.
Download or read book Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates written by Scott N. Johnson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-06 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invertebrates perform such vital roles in global ecosystems—and so strongly influence human wellbeing—that biologist E.O. Wilson was prompted to describe them as “little things that run the world.” As they are such powerful shapers of the world around us, their response to global climate change is also pivotal in meeting myriad challenges looming on the horizon—everything from food security and biodiversity to human disease control. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the latest scientific knowledge and contemporary theory relating to global climate change and terrestrial invertebrates. Featuring contributions from top international experts, this book explores how changes to invertebrate populations will affect human decision making processes across a number of crucial issues, including agriculture, disease control, conservation planning, and resource allocation. Topics covered include methodologies and approaches to predict invertebrate responses, outcomes for disease vectors and ecosystem service providers, underlying mechanisms for community level responses to global climate change, evolutionary consequences and likely effects on interactions among organisms, and many more. Timely and thought-provoking, Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates offers illuminating insights into the profound influence the simplest of organisms may have on the very future of our fragile world.
Download or read book Climate Change Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are significant pressures from climate change and air pollution that forests currently face. This book aims to increase understanding of the state and potential of forest ecosystems to mitigate and adapt to climate change in a polluted environment. It reconciles process-oriented research, long-term monitoring and applied modeling through comprehensive forest ecosystem research. Furthermore, it introduces "forest super sites for research for integrating soil, plant and atmospheric sciences and monitoring. It also provides mechanistic and policy-oriented modeling with scientifically sound risk indications regarding atmospheric changes and ecosystem services. Identifies current knowledge gaps and emerging research needs Highlights novel methodologies and integrated research concepts Assesses ecological meaning of investigations and prioritizing research need
Download or read book Insect Plant Interactions written by James R. Miller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authoritative overviews in this volume provide a wealth of practical information on current approaches to the study of insect-plant interactions. Methods described include direct behavioral observation; assays of host finding, oviposition, and feeding behavior of insect herbivores; post-ingestion physiological effects; measurement of food quality and sensory responses of insects to plant stimuli; chemical isolation and identification of active phytochemicals; evaluation of plant resistance to insects; and the biochemistry of allelochemic interactions.
Download or read book Processionary Moths and Climate Change An Update written by Alain Roques and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-10 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of its peculiar biology, its negative impacts on forestry, and its urticating larvae affecting human and animal health, pine processionary moth has largely been studied in many European countries during the last century. However, knowledge remained scattered and no synthesis has ever been published. Since the IPCC retained the moth as one of the two insect indicators of climate change because of its expansion with warming up, filling this gap became increasingly important. Led by INRA, this book associates 101 authors from 22 countries of Europe, Minor Asia and North Africa, combining all the concerned research fields (entomology, ecology, genetics, mathematical modelling, medical and veterinary science, pest management) in a multidisciplinary approach to understand and model the processes underlying past, present and future moth expansion and to propose adapted management methods. Besides, the major biological patterns of the related processionary species are also detailed.
Download or read book The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-02 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.
Download or read book Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research written by Jess Reed and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RECENT ADVANCES IN POLYPHENOL RESEARCH Plant polyphenols are secondary metabolites that constitute one of the most common and widespread groups of natural products. They are essential plant components for adaptation to the environment and possess a large and diverse range of biological functions that provide many benefits to both plants and humans. Polyphenols, from their structurally simplest forms to their oligo/polymeric versions (i.e. tannin and lignin), are phytoestrogens, plant pigments, antioxidants, and structural components of the plant cell wall. The interaction between tannins and proteins is involved in plant defense against predation, cause astringency in foods and beverages, and affect the nutritional and health properties of human and animal food plants. This seventh volume of the highly regarded Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research series is edited by Jess Dreher Reed, Victor Armando Pereira de Freitas, and Stéphane Quideau, and brings together chapters written by some of the leading experts working in the polyphenol sciences today. Topics covered include: Chemistry and physicochemistry Biosynthesis, genetics and metabolic engineering Roles in plants and ecosystems Food, nutrition and health Applied polyphenols Distilling the most recent and illuminating data available, this new volume is an invaluable resource for chemists, biochemists, plant scientists, pharmacognosists and pharmacologists, biologists, ecologists, food scientists and nutritionists.
Download or read book Biology Controls and Models of Tree Volatile Organic Compound Emissions written by Ülo Niinemets and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-08 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-driven volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions play a major role in atmospheric chemistry, including ozone and photochemical smog formation in the troposphere, and they extend the atmospheric lifetime of the key greenhouse gas, methane. Furthermore, condensation of photo-oxidation products of BVOCs leads to formation of secondary organic aerosols with profound implications for the earth's solar radiation budget and climate. Trees represent the plant life form that most contributes to BVOC emissions, which gives global forests a unique role in regulating atmospheric chemistry. Written by leading experts in the field, the focus is on recent advancements in understanding the controls on plant-driven BVOC emissions, including efforts to quantitatively predict emissions using computer models, particularly on elicitation of emissions under biotic and abiotic stresses, molecular mechanisms of volatile synthesis and emission and the role of emissions in plant stress tolerance.
Download or read book Climate Change Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by John King and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Goods and services provided by forests will be needed in greater amounts in the coming decades, yet are threatened by climate change and air pollution. In this chapter, we survey the peer-reviewed literature on elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) and tropospheric O3 (eO3) interaction experiments, and discuss implications of results for policy development and social welfare. We located 58 studies reporting data on physiology, biomass production, litter quality and decomposition. Studies were abundant for young and intermediate ages, but non-existent for mature forests. Most plant parameters increased with exposure to eCO2, decreased under eO3 and were often intermediate for the eCO2×eO3 interaction, though this latter treatment was not always statistically significant. Current environmental policy could make better use of existing science, but more work, especially on mature forest ecosystems, is needed in step with process-model development to better predict forest responses and guide policy for future changes in air quality and climate.
Download or read book Scientific Review of the Impact of Climate Change on Plant Pests written by IPPC Secretariat and published by . This book was released on 2021-08-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study warns that climate change may increase the risk of pests being introduced to new areas. It recommends conducting pest risk analyses and strengthening international cooperation as preventive measures to protect plant health.
Download or read book Public Health Significance of Urban Pests written by Xavier Bonnefoy and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century witnessed important changes in ecology, climate and human behaviour that favoured the development of urban pests. Most alarmingly, urban planners now face the dramatic expansion of urban sprawl, in which city suburbs are growing into the natural habitats of ticks, rodents and other pests. Also, many city managers now erroneously assume that pest-borne diseases are relics of the past. All these changes make timely a new analysis of the direct and indirect effects of present-day urban pests on health. Such an analysis should lead to the development of strategies to manage them and reduce the risk of exposure. To this end, WHO invited international experts in various fields - pests, pest-related diseases and pest management - to provide evidence on which to base policies. These experts identified the public health risk posed by various pests and appropriate measures to prevent and control them. This book presents their conclusions and formulates policy options for all levels of decision-making to manage pests and pest-related diseases in the future. [Ed.]
