Download or read book Effects of Elaboration on Age Differences in Memory Performance written by Wythe L. Whiting (IV) and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Memory Performance and Competencies written by Franz E. Weinert and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on memory development has accumulated over the past few years. Given the number of relevant publications in the field, it becomes increasingly difficult to keep track of major advances in specific areas of memory development. This book illustrates 2 purposes: * to permit experts in the various subdomains of research in memory development to summarize recent findings concerning the respective roles of capacity, strategies, and knowledge in the acquisition of memory skills; and * to discuss cross-cutting topics such as the influence of individual differences, practical and educational implications, and the potential of longitudinal studies.
Download or read book The Handbook of Aging and Cognition written by Fergus I. M. Craik and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive aging is a flourishing area of research. This third edition reviews the findings and theories since the previous edition and evaluates the field's points of growth.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging written by Ayanna K. Thomas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 1019 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that normal aging is accompanied by cognitive change. Much of this change has been conceptualized as a decline in function. However, age-related changes are not universal, and decrements in older adult performance may be moderated by experience, genetics, and environmental factors. Cognitive aging research to date has also largely emphasized biological changes in the brain, with less evaluation of the range of external contributors to behavioral manifestations of age-related decrements in performance. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge cognitive aging research through the lens of a life course perspective that takes into account both behavioral and neural changes. Focusing on the fundamental principles that characterize a life course approach - genetics, early life experiences, motivation, emotion, social contexts, and lifestyle interventions - this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in cognition, aging, and gerontology.
Download or read book Effects of Age on Neural Correlates of Episodic Encoding and Brain Structure and Their Relation to Cognitive Performance written by Eleanor Liu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Episodic memory – memory for unique personal events – is essential to our daily life. Relative to other forms of memory, episodic memory declines disproportionately with advancing age. One prominent account of such decline proposes a reduction in the efficacy of episodic encoding in older individuals. Numerous studies have employed functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural correlates of episodic encoding in young and older adults with the “subsequent memory procedure”. With this procedure, encoding related neural activity is contrasted based on subsequent memory performance for the study items. These studies have consistently reported that neural activity during encoding is predictive of later memory performance. Such subsequent memory effects (SMEs) take two forms: positive SMEs, where enhanced neural activity is associated with study items later remembered relative to study items that are less well remembered or forgotten; and negative SMEs, that take the opposite pattern. Studies have generally reported age-invariant positive SMEs whereas negative effects tend to be attenuated in older adults. Of importance, neural activity preceding the onset of a study item has also been shown to predict subsequent memory. Few studies have examined the effect of age on such pre-stimulus subsequent memory effects (pre-stimulus SMEs). Experiment 1 (Chapter 2) describes findings on pre-stimulus neural activity in healthy young and older adults. The results revealed age-invariant and age-dependent pre-stimulus SMEs in different brain regions, although age differences were mostly quantitative rather than qualitative. In contrast to prior reports of pre-stimulus SMEs, the effects in the present study were negative in direction. They could reflect allocation of neural resources in preparation of the upcoming study event. The study reported in Chapter 3 combined data from 2 independent experiments to examine age differences in poststimulus SMEs. The 2 regions of a priori interest were the hippocampus and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Positive and negative SMEs were evident in both age groups. Of importance, the hippocampal SMEs were equivalent across age groups; and there was no evidence of age-related right-frontal over-recruitment. There was an age-invariant relationship between hippocampal SMEs and memory performance, suggesting intact hippocampal encoding activity in healthy older adults, and consistent with the notion that hippocampal activity reflects the amount of information encoded. A positive relationship between left IFG SME and memory performance was observed in older adults only. The study in Chapter 4 took an integrated approach to examine the relationship between structural and functional measures, and memory performance in young and older adults. Consistent with the literature, robust age-related decline was evident in hippocampal volume and cortical thickness. Results from an integrated statistical model revealed that hippocampal encoding activity, but not hippocampal volume, was predictive of memory performance in both age groups. On the other hand, cortical thickness negatively correlated with performance in young adults, but positively correlated with performance in older adults. Both cortical thickness and cortical SMEs explained unique variance in memory performance. Of importance, IFG thickness-memory relationships were no longer significant after controlling for global thickness. In conclusion, both pre-stimulus and encoding-related neural activity can be resistant to the effects of age, although the left IFG acts as a ‘bottleneck’ in older adults. Age differences in pre-stimulus SMEs require a nuanced interpretation, rather than appeal to a generic construct. Moreover, age differences appear to be more robust in structural rather than in functional measures. Lastly, the age-dependent cortical thickness-memory relationship was general rather than region-specific.
Download or read book Age Differences in Elaboration and Cognitive Effort written by Elise Devecchio and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neural Plasticity and Memory written by Federico Bermudez-Rattoni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-17 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq
Download or read book Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging written by Roberto Cabeza and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the popular Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging provides up-to-date coverage of the most fundamental topics in this discipline. Like the first edition, this volume accessibly and comprehensively reviews the neural mechanisms of cognitive aging appropriate to both professionals and students in a variety of domains, including psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, neurology, and psychiatry. The chapters are organized into three sections. The first section focuses on major questions regarding methodological approaches and experimental design. It includes chapters on structural imaging (MRI, DTI), functional imaging (fMRI), and molecular imaging (dopamine PET, etc), and covers multimodal imaging, longitudinal studies, and the interpretation of imaging findings. The second section concentrates on specific cognitive abilities, including attention and inhibitory control, executive functions, memory, and emotion. The third section turns to domains with health and clinical implications, such as the emergence of cognitive deficits in middle age, the role of genetics, the effects of modulatory variables (hypertension, exercise, cognitive engagement), and the distinction between healthy aging and the effects of dementia and depression. Taken together, the chapters in this volume, written by many of the most eminent scientists as well as young stars in this discipline, provide a unified and comprehensive overview of cognitive neuroscience of aging.
Download or read book Effects of Cognitive Demand on Adult Age Differences in Memory for Activities written by Keith Gordon Haley and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects on Working Memory and Organization on Age Differences in Memory for Scene Information written by David Alan Frieske and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Age Differences in Familiarity and Recollection written by Daniela Czernochowski and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is there a qualitative difference between memory functions in adults and children? Given the relevance of memory processes for virtually every aspect of everyday life and the complex interactions between memory development and general cognitive abilities, surprisingly little is known about memory abilities in childhood. In four experiments with children aged 6-12 years and young adults, the developmental trajectories of two separate mechanisms underlying recognition memory - familiarity and recollection - were examined using event-related potentials (ERPs). Developmental changes were evident in both mechanisms of recognition memory. The data also revealed some surprising similarities across the life-span and emphasize the importance of strategic modulation of memory retrieval. Furthermore, the present investigation of memory development highlights age-related changes in cognitive processes and the maturation of the brain structures underlying these developmental changes.
Download or read book Age Differences in Aspects of Memory Performance written by Alison M. Foulds and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Memory Attention and Aging written by Fergus I. M. Craik and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-10-26 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory, Attention, and Aging is a collection of some of the most influential journal articles previously published by Fergus Craik and his collaborators, with new introductory material unifying the research of this noted cognitive psychologist. The reprinted articles are grouped into six sections reflecting Craik’s various research interests across his career. The first section on short-term memory focuses on research concerns Craik uncovered in the 1970s, but are still valid today. They comprise theoretical suggestions and data on the nature of STM, including the notion that working memory may be defined as attention paid to features of items held in conscious awareness. The second section on levels of processing contains the very influential articles by Craik & Lockhart and by Craik & Tulving on memory research, in addition to a later article in which Craik gives a critical account of the LOP work. Craik’s third interest is in cognitive aging. The section contains two articles from the 1980s in which Craik lays out his ideas on age-related changes in memory, plus a more recent article addressing lifespan changes in cognition. The fourth section on attention and memory has two articles that report on the effects of divided attention on subsequent memory, and differences between implicit and explicit memory processes. The fifth section on cognitive neuroscience includes an early PET study probing neural correlates of LOP, and a study searching for the neural correlates of the "self" concept. Finally, the sixth section contains an article on bilingualism that explores age-related differences in executive functions as a consequence of bilingualism, and a study showing that bilingualism postpones the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. Grouping the most highly cited and groundbreaking articles of Fergus Craik in one volume, this book will be of interest to a wide spectrum of students and professional researchers.
Download or read book New Directions in Memory and Aging PLE Memory written by Leonard Poon and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1980, this book contains the proceedings from a memorial conference held in honour of George A. Talland, who made a significant contribution to the area of memory and aging. The major objective of the volume was to stimulate research towards a more comprehensive understanding of age related differences in memory. It was also hoped it would provide direction for the application and utilization of research findings in the evaluation and treatment of memory complaints and memory difficulties experienced by the elderly. The book was intended for two broad groups of scientists. The first being researchers in the psychology of memory, and those who were currently active in the research on aging at the time. The second group was those concerned with applying current research findings to the diagnosis and treatment of problems of memory.
Download or read book Testing for Age Differences in Memory Performance with Ecologically Valid Stimuli written by Alan Wade London and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Attention and Arousal written by Michael Eysenck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thinker who has a mortal fear of being wrong will give all that is valuable in himself to that little ambition. Walter Lippmann (1914) Psychology has always been plagued by passing fads and fan cies to a greater extent than is seemly in a scientific discipline. Over the past few years the Zeitgeist can be summed up by the two words 'cognitive psychology'. Indeed, a recent poll of academic psychologists in American indicated that over 80% of them regarded themselves as cognitive psychologists! Cognitive psychology is in the ascendant, but it has never been clear to me that it has addressed all of the appropriate is sues. In particular, information processing in the real world (and even in the laboratory) occurs within a motivational and emotional context, but cognitive psychologists usually main tain the convenient fiction that cognition can fruitfully be stud ied in isolation. The main reason for writing this book was to at tempt to demonstrate that there can be a useful cross-fertiliza tion between cognitive and motivational-emotional psycholo gy and that there are already tantalizing glimpses of the poten tial advantages of such inter-disciplinary research. The ideas of Donald Broadbent and his associates have exer cised a formative influence during the writing of this book. They discovered some years ago that there are intriguing simi larities (as well as differences) in the effects on performance of such apparently quite disparate factors as white noise, time of day, introversion-extraversion and incentive.
Download or read book Age Differences in Aspects of Memory Performance written by A. M. Foulds and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
