Download or read book Effects of Dietary Vitamin A Restriction on the Site of Fat Deposition and Fatty Acid Composition of Growing Cattle written by Milton A. Gorocica-Buenfil and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Four feedlot trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin A restriction on marbling and beef fatty acid composition in growing cattle. In Exp. 1 the effects of feeding low vitamin A diets and including roasted soybean in the diet on marbling and fatty acid composition were evaluated. Feeding low vitamin A diets tended to increase marbling without affecting carcass back fat and yield grade. It appeared that low vitamin A diets induced hyperplasia in the intramuscular (i.m.) but not in the subcutaneous (s.c.) depot. Feeding low vitamin A diets did not affect fatty acid composition in muscle. In Exp. 2, the effect of duration of dietary vitamin A restriction on the site of fat deposition in Holstein steers was evaluated. Restricting vitamin A intake for 243 d increased i.m fat percentage without affecting s.c. fat deposition or feedlot performance. Restricting vitamin A intake for 131 d or less appeared to be insufficient to affect the site of fat deposition in Holstein steers. In Exp. 3, Angus-based steers were used to evaluate the effect of low vitamin A diets with high-moisture- or dry- corn on marbling and fatty acid composition. Regardless of the corn type used, feeding low vitamin A diets for 145 d increased marbling and quality grade without affecting yield grade, animal health and performance. The CLA content of adipose tissue was not affected by the treatments. In Exp. 4, a feedlot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin A restriction on marbling and immune status. Feeding low vitamin A diets for 216 d to Angus-based steers did not affect feedlot performance, marbling score and immuno-competency. Taken together these experiments suggest that feeding low vitamin A diets to growing cattle may be an effective strategy to increase marbling without affecting s.c. fat deposition. Animal performance, health and immuno-competency were not affected by vitamin A restriction. Feeding low vitamin A diets did not appear to be an effective strategy to increase CLA in ruminant tissues.
Download or read book Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A Vitamin K Arsenic Boron Chromium Copper Iodine Iron Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Silicon Vanadium and Zinc written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-07-19 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health. This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.
Download or read book Fatty Acid Composition of Backfat Intermuscular KPH and Tail Fat Depot Sites of Angus Steers Finished on Grass Or High Grain Diets written by Gabriela Acetoze and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ruminant protein has been shown to have high nutrient value because of its essential amino acid, vitamin and mineral composition (Williamson et al., 2005; Biesalski, 2005). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) states that approximately 60% of saturated fatty acid is derived from animal fat composed mainly of palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0). Stearic acid has no impact on raising serum cholesterol in humans (Biesalski, 2005; Yu et al. 1995). Moreover, 30% of the fatty acid content produced by beef cattle consists of the MUFA oleic acid (C18:1) (Whetsell et al., 2003), which has been shown to reduce cholesterol levels, the risk of strokes, heart disease and high blood pressure in predisposed populations (Kris-Etherton, 1999). Therefore, besides understanding the effects of diets on fatty acid profile, knowledge in the distribution of fatty acids throughout the animal carcasses is important for a better understanding of fat deposition, order of adipose tissue accretion and use of some fatty acids as metabolizable energy during the growth phase. This study compares fatty acid profile of backfat, intermuscular fat, KPH and tail fat depots among animals finished on a grass or a grain based diet at similar quality grades. Thirty-two Angus steers (15-mo of age) were obtained from a local ranch (Yolo Land and Livestock Cattle Company). Fourteen were transported to the University of California, Davis feedlot and 18 remained on the ranch. During the finishing phase, grass finished steers stayed on average 10-mo on irrigated pasture, which consisted of ryegrass and white clover (CP= 15.1% and ME= 2.58 Mcal/kg DM). Grain finished steers were fed a finishing diet based on cracked corn (CP= 11.5% and ME= 2.83 Mcal/kg DM), for 4 months. Fat depots from grass finished animals contained higher percentages (P
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-02-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the years since the third edition of this indispensable reference was published, a great deal has been learned about the nutritional requirements of common laboratory species: rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, and vole. The Fourth Revised Edition presents the current expert understanding of the lipid, carbohydrate, protein, mineral, vitamin, and other nutritional needs of these animals. The extensive use of tables provides easy access to a wealth of comprehensive data and resource information. The volume also provides an expanded background discussion of general dietary considerations. In addition to a more user-friendly organization, new features in this edition include: A significantly expanded section on dietary requirements for rats, reporting substantial new findings. A new section on nutrients that are not required but that may produce beneficial results. New information on growth and reproductive performance among the most commonly used strains of rats and mice and on several hamster species. An expanded discussion of diet formulation and preparationâ€"including sample diets of both purified and natural ingredients. New information on mineral deficiency and toxicity, including warning signs. This authoritative resource will be important to researchers, laboratory technicians, and manufacturers of laboratory animal feed.
Download or read book The Effect of Dietary Fat on Fatty Acid Composition Gene Expression and Vitamin Status in Pre ruminant Calves written by Chia-Yu Tsai and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary saturated (SFA) and unsaturated fat (UFA) alters fatty acid (FA) composition of various tissues, serum and lipid-soluble vitamins. The objective was to examine the effect of dietary SFA and UFA on adipose, liver, serum, polymorphonuclear (PMN) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells' (PBMC) FA profiles, selected gene expression of inflammatory mediators, and their relation with vitamin content in pre-ruminant calves. Twelve Holstein male calves were randomly assigned to two treatments. Starting 3 d of age, 6 calves on SFA received 120 mL palm oil/d, and 6 calve on UFA received 80 mL flaxseed oil plus 40 mL conjugated linoleic acid. After 50 d, all animals were euthanized and samples were obtained. Gas-chromatography was used to analyze FA composition. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze alpha-tocopherol and retinol in liver tissues as well as alpha-tocopherol, retinol and beta-carotene in serum. Liver and adipose tissue were analyzed for relative gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-gamma, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, TNF-alpha, retinol binding protein-4 and NF-kappaB. The PBMC were examined for gene expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and intercellular adhesion molecule-1; PMN were analyzed for expression of caspase-1, IL-8 receptor and L-selectin (L-SEL). Data were analyzed using the Proc TTEST of SAS with significance declared at P ≤ 0.05. The UFA had greater ?-linolenic acid (?-LA) compared to SFA calves in [non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), neutral lipid (NL) and phospholipids (PL)] fractions of liver, adipose and serum as well as PBMC and PMN. The higher content of ?-LA in calves fed UFA resulted in greater EPA in all three lipid fractions of serum as well as NL and PL fractions of adipose tissue. In addition, PBMC and PMN had higher EPA in UFA calves. The UFA group however, had lower ?-linolenic acid compared to SFA calves in all three fractions of liver as well as NL and PL fractions of serum. Dietary UFA also increased total PUFA in three lipid fractions of serum and adipose. The lipid-soluble vitamins content in serum was reduced by dietary UFA. Moreover, L-SEL expression was upregulated in calves receiving UFA. This may indicate that UFA supplementation elevated the substrate of PUFA biosynthesis, but possibly degraded the lipid soluble vitamins to protect these FA from oxidation. This may influence the migration of PMN from the blood to tissues, affecting overall inflammatory responses.
Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Download or read book Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on Metabolism and Reproductive Function of Dairy Cows written by Eurídice Castañeda-Gutiérrez and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vitamin A Effects on Fat Deposition in Cattle written by Rebecca Edith Anne Forder and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To determine the effects of low vitamin A status on fat deposition, and whether reducing vitamin A in diets of Australian beef cattle would be an effective method to increase marbling, several areas were investigated: (1) the physiolological effect of vitamin A status on specific carcass traits, (2) the effects of vitamin A on intramuscular and subcutaneous fat distribution, and (3) the effects of vitamin A on cattle adipocytes within both intramuscular and subcutaneous fat depots.
Download or read book Manipulating of the Fatty Acid Composition of Muscle in Beef Cattle written by Nag Jin Choi and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Fat Soluble Vitamins written by H. DeLuca and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first demonstration of the existence of a vitamin and the full recognition of this fact are often attributed to the work of McCollum, who found that a sub stance in butterfat and cod-liver oil was necessary for growth and health of ani mals fed purified diets. It became obvious that an organic substance present in microconcentrations was vital to growth and reproduction of animals. Following the coining of the word vitamine by Funk, McCollum named this fat-soluble sub stance vitamin A. We can, therefore, state that vitamin A was certainly one of the first known vitamins, yet its function and the function of the other fat-soluble vitamins had remained largely unknown until recent years. However, there has been an explosion of investigation and new information in this field, which had remained quiescent for at least two or three decades. It is now obvious that the fat-soluble vitamins function quite differently from their water-soluble counter parts. We have learned that vitamin D functions by virtue of its being converted in the kidney to a hormone that functions to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism. This new endocrine system is in the process of being elucidated in detail, and in addition, the medical use of these hormonal forms of vitamin D in the treatment of a variety of metabolic bone diseases has excited the medical com munity.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Nutritional Physiological and Anatomical Factors Affecting Fatty Acid Profiles of Bovine Adipose Tissues written by Nelson Orlando Huerta-Leidenz and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Dietary Vitamin A on Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Lambs written by Deanna Ruth Bapst and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids Polyunsaturated saturated Ratios and Fat Levels on Growth and Mineral Deposition in Young Male Rats written by Deborah M. D'Souza and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Meat Science and Nutrition written by Muhammad Sajid Arshad and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meat holds an important position in human nutrition. Although protein from this source has lower biological value than egg albumin, it is an exclusive source of heme iron and vitamins and minerals. Fat content and fatty acid profile from this source are a constant matter of concern. Though currently meat utilization is linked with an array of maladies, including atherosclerosis, leukemia, and diabetes, meat has a noteworthy role not only for safeguarding proper development and health, but also in human wellbeing. Enormous scientific investigations have proved that consuming meat has had a beneficial role in cranial/dental and gastrointestinal tract morphologic changes, human upright stance, reproductive attributes, extended lifespan, and maybe most prominently, in brain and cognitive development.
Download or read book Muscle Development of Livestock Animals written by M. F. W. te Pas and published by Cabi. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Number and size of muscle fibres in relation to meat production. Fibre type identification and functional characterization in adult livestock animals. Manipulation of muscle fibre number during prenatal development. The effect of growth and exercise on muscle characteristics in relation to meat quality. Nutrition, hormone receptor expression and gene interactions: implications for development and disease. The impact of minerals and micronutrients on growth control. Na+ K+-ATPase in skeletal muscle: significance of exercise and thyroid hormones for development and performance. local and ystemic regulation of muscle growth. Proteolytic systems and the regulation of muscle remodelling and breakdown. Themuscle regulatory factors gene family in relation to meat production.The muscle transcriptome. Genome analysis of QTL for muscle tissue development and meat quality. Functional genomics and proteomics in relation to muscle tissue. Role of myostatin in muscle growth. The callipyge mutation for sheep muscular hypertrophy genetics, physiology and meat quality. Genetic control of intramuscular fat accretion, Post-mortem muscle proteolysis and meat tenderness.Water-holding capacity of meat.
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Copper and Protein on the Fatty Acid Composition of Porcine Depot Fat written by James Ingham Elliot and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
