Download or read book Effects of Biosolids derived Pharmaceuticals on Microbial Communities and Nitrogen Processes in Soil written by Carolyn G. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosolids, or composted sewage sludge, are a relatively untapped but broadly available resource, and the repository for a substantial portion of nutrients consumed in the form of food. Returning these nutrients to food production systems would "close the loop" in nutrient cycling rather than cause a waste disposal problem. Biosolids have the potential to be a beneficial soil amendment to agricultural land, yet in addition to nutrients they also ubiquitously contain contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Biochar, or pyrolyzed agricultural waste, is a potential co-amendment with biosolids that could reduce the bioavailability of pharmaceuticals found in biosolids. Because of its unique chemistry and high surface area, biochar can sorb organic chemicals such as PPCPs that are introduced to the soil via application of biosolids. The major objectives of this work were to understand effects of contaminants found in biosolids on soil ecosystem processes and related microbial structure, and to examine how biochar affects these relationships. These were addressed in two separate studies: (1) In a laboratory soil incubation, we show that functional redundancy between ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) can buffer negative effects of exposure to ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic commonly found in biosolids. The higher resistance, at least in the short-term, of AOA to antibiotics can maintain the process rate of nitrification, providing ecosystem functional resistance to the antibiotic disturbance. Further, co-amending with biochar mitigates any negative effect of ciprofloxacin on either AOB or AOA, suggesting that biochar can be an effective sorbent of pharmaceutical contaminants. (2) In a greenhouse study examining the effects of co-amending biosolids with biochar, we find that biochar has positive growth effects on plants, possibly due to the aforementioned sorption of growth-limiting contaminants found in biosolids. However, a bioanalytical (CALUX) examination of endocrine-disrupting activity in the biosolid- and biochar-amended soils suggests that biochars might also be a source of such activity. The rate of biochar application to induce this effect (100 t ha−1) is high above the average agronomic rate (10 t ha−1), and it is thus possible that such levels of endocrine-disrupting activity would not be present in the soil in an agricultural context. Together, these results show how microbial communities and related functions are affected by contaminants in biosolids, and suggest that biochar might be an effective co-amendment to mitigate negative effects of an antibiotic disturbance. However, biochar must be explored for potential environmentally-relevant endocrine-disrupting activity before it is used as a remediation tool.

Download or read book The Effects of Swine Manure Or Biosolids Containing Antibiotics on Soil Microbial Communities in Eastern South Dakota written by Kelly A. Lehnert and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Emerging Organic Contaminants in Sludges written by Teresa Vicent and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are a growing number of new chemicals in the environment that represent an ascertained or potential risk. Many of them can be found in sewage sludge and are the subject of this volume. Experts in the field highlight their occurrence and fate, risks of biosolid use, advanced chemical analysis methods, and degradation techniques with a special focus on biodegradation using fungi. In the final chapter conclusions and trends are offered as a point of departure for future studies. The double-disciplinary approach combining environmental analysis and engineering makes the book a valuable and comprehensive source of information for a broad audience, such as environmental chemists and engineers, biotechnologists, ecotoxicologists and professionals responsible for waste and water management.

Download or read book Contribution of Biosolids derived Bioaerosols to the Airborne Microbial Population written by Kära L. Lindelof and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land-application of biosolids is an important means of disposal with possible benefits for soil quality. Bioaerosols might be generated from the application of biosolids and the possible human health risk of pathogenic microorganisms contained in bioaerosols has become an increasingly important issue. Microbial evidence thus far has suggested human health risks are minimal during application of biosolids; however epidemiological studies have reported increased numbers of infection in residents living near biosolids application. Previous studies have focused on the quantification of aerosolized bacteria and the presence of indicator species, while the currenty study uses a DNA-based method to detect alterations to the genetic composition of the aerosolized community following biosolids application. The current study collected soil and aerosol samples from a field site receiving land-applied Class B biosolids. Samples were collected prior to application and over the course of a ten week period following application. Analysis of the data suggested densities of bacteria in aerosol samples did not increase following the application of biosolids. A DNA-based community approach was utilized to investigate the composition of the communities. No change in the community composition was observed after the application of biosolids. Biosolids did not significantly contribute to the airborne population of bacteria in the current study.

Download or read book Beneficial Microbes in Agro Ecology written by N. Amaresan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beneficial Microbes in Agro-Ecology: Bacteria and Fungi is a complete resource on the agriculturally important beneficial microflora used in agricultural production technologies. Included are 30 different bacterial genera relevant in the sustainability, mechanisms, and beneficial natural processes that enhance soil fertility and plant growth. The second part of the book discusses 23 fungal genera used in agriculture for the management of plant diseases and plant growth promotion. Covering a wide range of bacteria and fungi on biocontrol and plant growth promoting properties, the book will help researchers, academics and advanced students in agro-ecology, plant microbiology, pathology, entomology, and nematology. - Presents a comprehensive collection of agriculturally important bacteria and fungi - Provides foundational knowledge of each core organism utilized in agro-ecology - Identifies the genera of agriculturally important microorganisms

Download or read book Indicative Bacteria in Stored Biosolids and Wastewater Associated Pharmaceuticals in the Environment written by Chenxi Wu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater is an important source for pathogens and anthropogenic organic contaminants. To understand the possible environmental impacts of wastewater associated contaminants, experiments were formed to 1) study the impact of biosolids storage on indicator bacteria (Total coliform, E. coli, Enterococcus) and the structure of microbial community; 2) study the occurrence and behavior of pharmaceuticals in the environment. The first part of the work was described in Chapter 1. In this part, biosolids were stored in the field under three storage conditions (dark anaerobic, dark aerobic, and light aerobic). Samples were collected over the period of biosolids storage and assayed for population density and antibiotic-resistant rate for the indicator bacteria. The structural change of microbial community was investigated using a molecular method (PCR-DGGE). The results suggested that in stored biosolids, the density of indicator bacteria generally followed a decreasing trend, the antibiotic-resistant rate was stable with no testable change, and the structure of microbial community was also relatively stable. Thus, biosolids storage may not be a problem for the regrowth and increase of antibiotic-resistance rate for indicator bacteria. The second part of the work was described in Chapter 2 to 5. In this part, analytical method were developed for the analysis of over 40 pharmaceuticals compounds from different environmental matrices. Using developed methods, the occurrence of several pharmaceuticals was studied within an agricultural landscape. The occurrence of detected compounds was found possibly related to the use of septic systems within the study area. Pharmaceuticals can be transported into the terrestrial environment following biosolids land application. Several projects were carried out the study the sorption, degradation, transport and plant uptake in soils. The environmental behavior of pharmaceuticals was found related to their properties such as biodegradability, hydrophobicity, and dissociation and also affected by their interaction with soils. Results from those experiments indicated that several pharmaceuticals can persist in the environment, which leads to the concern of their potential environmental effects.

Download or read book Influence of Biosolid Stability Temperature and Water Potential on Nitrogen Mineralisation in Biosolid Amended Soils written by Laurinda Nobela and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils with inherently low soil fertility, and nutrient depletion of fertile soils, are the root causes of declining per capita food production in Africa. On the other hand, demand for better water quality and strict environmental laws have led to an increase in biosolid production. Accumulation of this waste poses an increasing environmental pollution risk. Disposal methods like incineration, ocean dumping and land filling are causing enormous environmental and economic problems. Therefore, municipal authorities have been challenged with the environmental management of biosolids, whilst many farmers are facing a problem of soil fertility decline. Biosolids of Exceptional quality class A contain high organic matter, plant nutrients and have few restrictions on use for land application. Therefore, it is a valuable resource. Beneficiation of sewage sludge through land application is an optional solution to address both soil fertility and environmental problems. Scientific management of sewage sludge utilization must be observed to minimize environmental problems. The study of N release and the rate of nitrification from biosolids is essential to improve nutrient use efficiency, as well as to prevent environmental pollution. Mineralization and nitrification processes are influenced by several factors, for instance, the origin and quality of organic material, and soil environmental conditions, of which moisture and temperature are the most important factors. The study aims to: (i) evaluate biosolid stability, temperature and soil water effects on net N release from municipal and industrial sludge amended soil, and (ii) generate important parameters for modeling N dynamics (rate constants and half life). This dissertation consists of two major experiments: The first experiment was a fifty six day laboratory incubation study to assess N release and nitrification rate constants in a biosolid amended soil, as well as the biosolid's half life time. The experiment was conducted using three types of biosolids originated from three different wastewater treatment processes, subjected to three levels of temperature and three of soil water potentials. The second experiment was an investigation on sample handling strategy for accurate nitrate (NO3- ) and ammonium (NH4+) determinations. Different handling procedures: Direct field extraction, Field drying extraction and Laboratory drying extraction were tested on biosolid amended soils. In conclusion, biosolid stability, temperature and soil water interaction significantly influence mineralization and nitrification processes. Unstable sludges had higher N mineralization rate constant and shorter half life times compared to stable sludge, and the Direct field extraction procedure proved to be the most representative sample handling strategy for determination of N speciation in soils and biosolid amended soils to get representative time specific data.

Download or read book Biosolids Application Effects on Nitrogen Fixation and Groundwater Quality written by Victor C. Currie and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of the Impact of Historic Biosolids Applications on Soil Microbial Activity written by B. Chambers and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stability of Biosolids Derived Carbon in Soils Evidence from a Long term Experiment and Meta analysis written by Alice J. Snyder and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many decades of research have contributed to understanding biosolids and their effects when applied on soil. Improved soil quality indicators such as reduced bulk density, and increased aggregation, water infiltration and nutrient supply have been shown to be positively correlated with biosolid application, often as a result of increased soil organic carbon (SOC). While it is well known that biosolids increase SOC, the effect on carbon permanence and how abiotic controls such as climate and texture influence biosolid application effects on SOC is less known. This thesis investigates the effects of biosolid applications specifically on SOC and how different abiotic factors influence SOC storage and permanence. For that objective, this thesis is divided into two separate investigations. The first study examines the impacts of a one-time application of biosolids, of varying rates up to 300 Mg ha-1, on long term soil carbon stability over 28-years on a mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs, in Columbus, Ohio. A size-density-chemical fractionation approach was used to isolate SOC fractions of differing stabilities to determine decadal processes of carbon stabilization or lack thereof. The second approach was a systematic meta-analysis, which included over 40 years of peer-reviewed research. This explored the relationships between biosolid application and SOC, and the applications’ influence on SOC with multiple abiotic factors. Eighty-four peer-reviewed articles met a prior data quality and experimental criteria to be included in the meta-analysis, which resulted in 326 experimental comparisons; 148 comparisons of SOC concentration and 178 SOC stock. Results from the meta-analysis showed a 30% increase in SOC concentration and 72% increase in SOC stock when biosolids are applied to the soil. When biosolids are applied frequently, there is a significant difference between SOC stock levels when carbon is added periodically versus singly (p

Download or read book Vegetable Diseases written by Steven T. Koike and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vegetable Diseases focuses primarily on diseases that are caused by pathogens. Chapters dealing with the general principles of the causes, diagnosis and control of vegetable crop diseases are followed by crop-based chapters. Each disease entry includes a brief introduction to the disease, detailed description of disease symptoms, information on the pathogen and disease development, and suggestions on how to manage the problem. Top quality color photos illustrate the book throughout. This book will be useful to a range of professionals including research and extension plant pathologists; diagnosticians and plant lab personnel; teachers of agriculture and related subjects; university students in agriculture and related fields; commercial farmers, vegetable producers, and farm managers; agriculturalists in the fields of seed production, vegetable breeding, agrichemicals, pest control, marketing, and other subjects; government and regulatory persons dealing with agriculture; serious gardeners and hobbyists. Crop based organisation for easy diagnosis High quality color photos 444 color illustrations, 5 tables

Download or read book Environmental Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination written by Maria C. Hernandez Soriano and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-03-26 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil is an irreplaceable resource that sustains life on the planet, challenged by food and energy demands of an increasing population. Therefore, soil contamination constitutes a critical issue to be addressed if we are to secure the life quality of present and future generations. Integrated efforts from researchers and policy makers are required to develop sound risk assessment procedures, remediation strategies and sustainable soil management policies. Environmental Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination provides a wide depiction of current research in soil contamination and risk assessment, encompassing reviews and case studies on soil pollution by heavy metals and organic pollutants. The book introduces several innovative approaches for soil remediation and risk assessment, including advances in phytoremediation and implementation of metabolomics in soil sciences.

Download or read book Sludge Treatment and Disposal written by Cleverson Vitorio Andreoli and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-03-30 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sludge Treatment and Disposal is the sixth volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The book covers in a clear and informative way the sludge characteristics, production, treatment (thickening, dewatering, stabilisation, pathogens removal) and disposal (land application for agricultural purposes, sanitary landfills, landfarming and other methods). Environmental and public health issues are also fully described. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds; Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 3: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Volume 4: Anaerobic Reactors; Volume 5: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors

Download or read book Biosolids Applied to Land written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-11-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1993 regulation (Part 503 Rule) governing the land application of biosolids was established to protect public health and the environment from reasonably anticipated adverse effects. Included in the regulation are chemical pollutant limits, operational standards designed to reduce pathogens and the attraction of disease vectors, and management practices. This report from the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology evaluates the technical methods and approaches used by EPA to establish those standards and practices, focusing specifically on human health protection. The report examines improvements in risk-assessment practices and advances in the scientific database since promulgation of the regulation, and makes recommendations for addressing public health concerns, uncertainties, and data gaps about the technical basis of the biosolids standards.

Download or read book Biology of the Nitrogen Cycle written by Hermann Bothe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wastewater written by Pay Drechsel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-11 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The books provides a timely analysis in support of a paradigm shift in the field of wastewater management, from ‘treatment for disposal’ to ‘treatment for reuse’ by offering a variety of value propositions for water, nutrient and energy recovery which can support cost savings, cost recovery, and profits, in a sector that traditionally relies on public funding. The book provides new insights into the economics of wastewater use, applicable to developed and developing countries striving to transform wastewater from an unpleasant liability to a valuable asset and recasting urbanization from a daunting challenge into a resource recovery opportunity. “It requires business thinking to transform septage and sewage into valuable products. A must read for water scholars, policy makers, practitioners, and entrepreneurs". Guy Hutton, Senior Economist, Water and Sanitation Program, Water Global Practice, World Bank “This book provides compelling evidence and real solutions for the new ‘resource from waste’ approach that is transforming sanitation, boosting livelihoods, and strengthening urban resilience”. Christopher Scott, Professor and Distinguished Scholar, University of Arizona “This book shows how innovative business thinking and partnerships around resource recovery and reuse fit well within an inclusive green economy and climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies”. Akiça Bahri, Coordinator of the African Water Facility, Tunisia, and award-winning researcher

Download or read book Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.