Download or read book Effects of an Acute Bout of Aerobic Exercise on Motor Performance Executive Function and Intrinsic Motivation in Adolescents and Young Adults with Down Syndrome written by Chih-Chia Chen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The benefits of exercise have been recommended in typical and other special populations. However, the evidence for persons with Down syndrome (DS) is still limited. This study was aimed at investigating the impact of an acute bout of aerobic exercise intervention on motor performance, executive function and intrinsic motivation in adolescents and young adults with DS. Ten participants with DS were assigned to an exercise group, who walked on a incremental treadmill protocol for 20 minutes. The exercise intensity was achieved at 66% of their predicted maximum heart rate. Another ten participants with DS were assigned to an attentional control group, who watched a video for 20 minutes. Measures of fine manual dexterity (e.g., Purdue Pegboard test), manual force production (e.g., grip strength test), processing speed (e.g., visual choice reaction time test), verbal processing (e.g., verbal fluency test), attention shifting ability (e.g., The Dimensional Card sorting test), and inhibitory control (e.g., Knock and Tap test) were tested pre and post intervention. An intrinsic motivation scale (e.g., enjoyment and effort) was conducted after the intervention. First, results showed participants significantly improved their performance in manual force production and Knock and Tap Test after the exercise intervention. While it has been proposed that exercise increases arousal status, neurotransmitters, or cerebral vasculature, the exact mechanisms in persons with DS are still unknown. However, our results showed that after treadmill walking, motor and cognitive improvements can be found in individuals with DS, even in a single exercise session. In addition, participants reported higher scores in enjoyment after video viewing than exercise, which may a result from musical effect or too much emphasis on external rewards in their early participation in exercise. These may imply that participants had low intrinsic motivation to an active lifestyle. Further, scores in effort were significantly higher after exercise than video viewing, which indicated their capabilities to perceive their physical exertion. However, other motivational regulations (e.g., introjected and identified regulations) have shown the relationship with exercise behavior in this population. Thus, further study should consider divergent motivational factors in order to implement an effective exercise program.

Download or read book Impact of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Motor Learning and Executive Function in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities written by Yonjoong Ryuh and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Acute Exercise and Executive Function in Young Adults with ADHD written by Gerald John Jones and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of a single bout of moderately intense aerobic exercise on measures of executive function in young adults with ADHD. Thirty-two young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 years old were randomly assigned to either an acute exercise group or a control group. The exercise protocol was designed to address the methodological shortcomings in the exercise and executive function literature, and involved cycling on a stationary bike at moderate intensity for 30 minutes. Participants completed executive function tasks related to set shifting, working memory, and inhibition prior to and immediately following the treatment session. Results of the study reveal that acute exercise facilitated performance on the Stroop Color-Word task when compared to sedentary controls. However, unlike previous research on healthy adults, no improvements on the other measures of executive function were observed. These findings suggest that young adults with ADHD may specifically benefit from acute exercise on aspects of executive function related to the Stroop Color-Word measure. In conclusion, further research on this topic should continue to investigate this population, as well as consider the relationship between acute exercise and additional neuropsychological measures of inhibition, set shifting, and working memory in order to better determine the effects on each construct.

Download or read book Effects of an Acute Bout of Resistance Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Preadolescents written by Michael A. Castellano and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Over the past two decades a positive effect on cognitive performance has consistently been identified following an acute bout of aerobic exercise. (Etnier, Salazar, Landers, Petruzzello, Han, & Nowell, 1997). A limited number of studies have identified a similar positive effect following acute aerobic exercise in preadolescent samples (Ellemberg & St-Louise-Deschenes, 2010; Hillman, Pontifex, Raine, Castelli, Hall, & Kramer, 2009; Pesce, Crova, Cereatti, Casella, & Belluci, 2009; Tomporowski, 2003). Resistance exercise within adult samples has also been associated with increases in cognitive performance (Chang & Etnier, 2008, 2009; Chang, Ku, Tomporowski, Chen, & Huang, 2012). There is currently no existing research examining the effects an acute bout of resistance exercise has on the cognitive performance of a preadolescent sample. A possible reason for this lack of research is the misconception that resistance exercise can have detrimental effects on the developing bodies of preadolescents. These safety concerns have been deemed unnecessary as recent statements from both the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) have determined resistance exercise in preadolescence is safe and even beneficial to the bones, joints, and muscles of developing bodies. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects an acute bout of resistance exercise has on cognitive performance by a preadolescent sample./DISS_para Participants were randomly assigned to one of two different treatment conditions (exercise or control). Participants in each condition completed a number of cognitive tasks testing executive function and completed a 20 minute bout of resistance exercise. Those in the exercise condition completed the cognitive tasks immediately after the resistance exercise. Those in the control condition completed the cognitive tasks immediately before the resistance exercise. DISS_para Analyses revealed that for errors within the Stroop W condition, a measure of processing speed and inhibition, there was a significant difference between groups such that the exercise group had fewer errors at the post-test than the control group. There were no significant differences for task switching, problem solving, working memory, and visual attention between groups. The results for this sample thus suggest that resistance exercise may have a clinically meaningful effect on aspects of processing speed and inhibition."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Download or read book Effects of an Acute Bout of Moderate intensity Aerobic Exercise on Motor Learning and Neuroplasticity written by Nicholas Jacob Snow and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Exercise and Cognitive Function written by Terry McMorris and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook focuses on the relationship between physical exercise and cognition, a very timely and important topic with major theoretical and practical implications for a number of areas including ageing, neurorehabilitation, depression and dementia. It brings together a wide range of analytical approaches and experimental results to provide a very useful overview and synthesis of this growing field of study. The book is divided into three parts: Part I covers the conceptual, theoretical and methodological underpinnings and issues. Part II focuses on advances in exercise and cognition research, with appropriate sub-sections on ‘acute’ and ‘chronic’ exercise and cognition. Part III presents an overview of the area and makes suggestions for the direction of future research. This text provides a cutting-edge examination of this increasingly important area written by leading experts from around the world. The book will prove invaluable to researchers and practitioners in a number of fields, including exercise science, cognitive science, neuroscience and clinical medicine. Key Features: Unique in-depth investigation of the relationship between physical exercise and brain function. Covers theoretical approaches and experimental results and includes chapters on the latest developments in research design. Examines the effects of both acute and chronic exercise on brain function. International list of contributors, who are leading researchers in their field.

Download or read book Physical Activity and Educational Achievement written by Romain Meeusen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-07 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing body of research evidence suggests that physical activity can have a positive effect on educational achievement. This book examines a range of processes associated with physical activity that are of relevance to those working in education – including cognition, learning, memory, attention, mood, stress and mental health symptoms – and draws on the latest insights from exercise neuroscience to help explain the evidence. With contributions from leading scientists and educationalists from around the world, this book cuts through the myths to interrogate the relationship between physical activity and educational achievement in children, adolescents and young adults in a variety of cultural and geographical contexts. Examining both the benefits and risks associated with physical activity from the perspectives of exercise science and educational psychology, it also looks ahead to ask what the limits of this research might be and what effects it might have on the future practice of education. Physical Activity and Educational Achievement: Insights from Exercise Neuroscience is fascinating reading for any student, academic or practitioner with an interest in exercise science and education.

Download or read book Exercise Cognition Interaction written by Terry McMorris and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exercise-Cognition Interaction: Neuroscience Perspectives is the only book on the market that examines the neuroscientific correlation between exercise and cognitive functioning. The upsurge in research in recent years has confirmed that cognitive-psychology theory cannot account for the effects of exercise on cognition, and both acute and chronic exercise effect neurochemical and psychophysiological changes in the brain that, in turn, affect cognitive functioning. This book provides an overview of the research into these effects, from theoretical research through current studies that emphasize neuroscientific theories and rationales. It addition, users will find a thorough examination of the effects of exercise interventions on cognitive functioning in special populations, including the elderly, children, and those suffering from a variety of diseases, including schizophrenia, diabetes, and an array of neurological disorders. With contributions from leading researchers in the field, this book will be the go-to resource for neuroscientists, psychologists, medical professionals, and other researchers who need an understanding of the role exercise plays in cognitive functioning. Provides a comprehensive account of how exercise affects brain functioning, which in turn affects cognition Covers both theory and empirical research Presents a thorough examination of the effects of exercise interventions on cognitive functioning in special populations, including the elderly, children, and those suffering from a variety of diseases Examines neurochemical, psychophysiological, and genetic factors Covers acute and chronic exercise

Download or read book The Influence of an Acute Bout of Aerobic Exercise on Cortical Contributions to Motor Preparation and Execution written by Jonathan S. Thacker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing evidence supports the use of physical activity for modifying brain activity and overall neurological health (Hillman et al, 2008). Specifically, aerobic exercise appears to improve cognitive efficacy with regards to decisional oddball tasks shown through the P300, whose amplitude and latency is augmented (Magnié et al., 2000). Furthermore, the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular function are well established and are sustained following exercise cessation. Based on these findings, we proposed that (1) an acute bout of exercise may modulate movement-related cortical excitability within motor areas and (2) that transient effects would be sustained as long as heart rate (HR) remained elevated. Subjects (n=23) were placed in a soundproof booth and instructed to perform a self-paced unimanual ballistic wrist extension every 3-6 seconds of the right wrist while holding a moveable handle. The motion involved a brisk contraction followed by relaxation and positional reset, collected continuously for approximately 8 minutes. Electroencephalography was used to measure movement-related cortical activity of the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) time-locked to onset of muscle activity associated with movement. The BP is a slow negative self-paced movement related cortical potential that precedes movement by approximately 1500ms. Current work commonly separates the BP into 3 main components early, late, and re-afferent Potentials. The early BP is representative of motor preparation of supplementary motor area (SMA) activity while the late component is representative of motor execution from primary motor cortex (M1). Early and late components are often distinguished by a a characteristic change in slope; where the early BP is a slow negative rise and the late components a steeper negative deflection beginning approximately 500ms prior to movement onset. Broken down further the late component consists of a portion of negative slope before giving rise to a peak approximately 100ms after movement onset known as the motor potential (MP). Following baseline measures, subjects performed 20 minutes of aerobic exercise at a moderate intensity (70% of age-predicted maximum heart rate) on a recumbent cycle ergometer. After the cessation of exercise, BP measures were recorded at two time points: immediately post-exercise (Post) and following a return to iv baseline HR (Post[Rest]) and two additional measures separated by 15 minutes each (Post[Rest2] and Post[Rest3]) which was, on average, 45 minutes after the cessation of exercise. Electromyography (EMG) was employed over the extensor carpi radialis muscle belly to describe muscle burst activity and onset characteristics. Results determined that Early but not Late BP was influenced by aerobic exercise. This early movement related cortical adaptation is indicative of enhanced processing within supplementary motor area. Moreover, this effect was sustained for up to an hour and 15 minutes following exercise cessation. This data is suggestive that aerobic exercise influences on motor related cortical excitability is not driven by an aerobic exercise effect and is more indicative of a delayed neurotransmitter effect.

Download or read book WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Endurance Training on Down s Syndrome Adolescents and Young Adults written by Audrey Lynn Millar and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of an Acute Bout of Aerobic Exercise on Electromyographic Activity Cardiovascular Arousal Subjective Arousal and Cognitive Functioning written by Janine Dyck Flory and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Neural Correlates of Executive Function in Healthy Individuals and Patients with ADHD written by Aylin Mehren and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study to Examine the Effects of Resistance Training on Motor Function Cognitive Performance Physical Strength Body Composition and Mood in Adults with Down Syndrome written by Emily M. Phillilps and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adults with Down syndrome are an underserved population at high risk for a host of different pathologies from aging and lack of activity. Resistance training could be one modality that can significantly influence motor skill and cognitive performance based on the evidence that there is a positive association between intellectually stimulating activities (ex. resistance training) and an increase in cognitive performance. Resistance training may also significantly influence a host of different mood and physiological/performance variables in adults with Down syndrome to improve health and day-to-day functionality. Cognition (i.e., the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and senses), is vital for everyday understanding of tasks and interfaces with the environment. Feelings and mood states are also vital for a positive outlook and interactions with other people. This study was designed to address a global question of how resistance training would influence changes in cognition, health metrics, and physical performance capabilities of individuals with Down syndrome. We hypothesized that resistance training would improve cognition, motor function, and mood in adults with Down syndrome. Our secondary hypothesis was that resistance training would improve physical strength in adults with Down syndrome. Understanding the true adaptive effects of resistance training would provide novel findings. In turn, this would help promote a major move forward in the use of this mode of exercise as a therapeutic, health, and fitness iii modality in this underserved population of people. The participants (n = 11) were men and women clinically diagnosed with Down syndrome (age: 25.8 ± 6.4 years; height: 151.5 ± 8.3 cm; weight: 67.5 ± 13.0 kg). Paired samples t-tests were used to assess differences between BL1a and BL1b to confirm the reliability and validity of the cognitive testing, along with PRE/POST differences between resistance training intervention to determine the effectiveness of the intervention (BL2 to PT). Pearson correlational analysis were used to assess the relationship between the percentage change in post testing variables. The significance in this study was set at p ≤ 0.05. Cognitive performance, motor function, mood, physical strength, body composition, and bone density were measured before and after a 10-week non-linear periodized resistance exercise training intervention using cutting edge cognitive batteries specifically tailored for a wide range of severities of Down syndrome. Findings of this investigation revealed the positive benefits from resistance training for adults with Down syndrome. Notable findings from this study were the evident improvements in gross motor skill functioning, cognitive performance trends, and mood improvements. Motor skill was significantly improved at post-testing with both locomotor and object control skill (p

Download or read book Enhancing Children s Cognition With Physical Activity Games written by Phillip D. Tomporowski and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are plenty of books that help you use or create games that develop children’s physical skills, and it’s now widely accepted that physical activity can have a positive effect on academic achievement. But this is the first book that shows you how to tailor physical activity games specifically to enhance children’s cognitive abilities. Enhancing Children’s Cognition with Physical Activity Games, written by three authorities in teacher education, exercise physiology, and sport science, shows you how to apply current concepts in child development, cognitive science, physical education, and teacher training to create movement-based learning experiences that benefit children both physically and mentally. You will be guided in creating environments that lend themselves to cognitive development and enhanced academic achievement. And you will understand not only how to create games to foster cognitive development but why such games are so useful in developing the whole child. Enhancing Children’s Cognition with Physical Activity Games offers the following features: •Two chapters of sample games, one for preschoolers and kindergarteners, the other for elementary school children •Expert guidance in creating your own games for children ages 3 to 12, with an emphasis on developmental ranges of 3 to 7 and 7 to 12 •A practice-oriented model of teacher education that shows you how you can best develop and implement physical activity games that support both motor and cognitive development The book contains a running glossary to help teachers and students understand the terms used. It also discusses several models of 21st-century learning, highlighting the role that physical activity games play in a comprehensive education. Enhancing Children’s Cognition With Physical Activity Games is equally useful for teachers working with children in school, before school, or after school and for program directors working with children in community programs. The authors link their application to research, creating a practical reference for professionals in the field, whatever their setting. The book is presented in three parts. Part I grounds you in the research that shows how physical activity affects children’s mental development. You will learn how physical activity benefits children’s cognition and academics, how movement games help children think and learn, and how to create a motivational environment where children want to learn. Part II helps you translate research into practice. You will explore how movements create mental maps and affect mental health, how to engage children in playful learning, and how to incorporate physical activity into your teaching and enhance your teaching models. You will also consider how to assess children at play—how to collect data and know when your program is being effective—and how to apply physical activity games in both the home and the community. In part III, you are supplied with games for preschoolers, kindergartners, and elementary school children. You’ll find games that emphasize three principles: contextual interference, mental control, and discovery. Each chapter concludes with practical implications for teachers, helping you to put into context the information you have come across in that chapter. Enhancing Children’s Cognition with Physical Activity Games helps educators create, design, implement, and evaluate problem-solving games that foster children’s mental engagement and thoughtful decision making. Kids are highly motivated by problem-solving games, and the cognitive skills they develop in solving those problems can be translated to their academic success.

Download or read book An Evaluation of the Acute Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognitive and Psychological Functioning in College Students with ADHD written by Patrick A. LaCount and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study sought to elucidate the acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) among young adult college students with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants were age- and sex-matched across ADHD (N=18) and comparison groups (N=18)—both of whom completed a baseline session (non-HIIT) and experimental session (HIIT). Within- and between-subject effects were examined using a continuous performance task (CPT), reading span (Rspan) task, self-reported ADHD symptomatology, and self-reported internalizing symptomatology. Consistent with previous studies exploring the effectiveness of HIIT for childhood ADHD, the present investigation found evidence that HIIT has the potential for significant, acute improvement in ADHD and depressive symptomatology, as well as processing speed and response variability. HIIT may be a useful adjunct to psychosocial and/or pharmacological treatments for college students with ADHD because it: (a) yields immediate, acute improvements in executive functioning and mood; (b) promotes improved physical and mental health; (c) is more efficient, feasible, and cost-effective than prevailing treatment models; and (d) poses relatively lower risk of deleterious effects. Further investigations focusing on the effects of HIIT are needed to substantiate the efficacy of this intervention tool. However, these data suggest a single, brief, high-intensity bout of aerobic exercise can yield immediate significant short-term improvements in inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, processing speed, sustained attention, and depressive symptomatology. These improvements may enhance functioning and improve outcomes for college students with ADHD.

Download or read book The Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Executive Function in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes written by Corita Vincent and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), relies heavily on self-care behaviours such as dietary modification, physical activity, and medication adherence. Ability to perform these self-care behaviours depends, at least in part, on executive function (EF). Recent evidence suggests a correlation between T2DM and impaired cognitive function, including EF. Given the importance of EF for regulation of behaviours, and the importance of self-care in diabetes management, attenuated EF would represent a potential barrier to proper disease management. Thus the objective of Study 1 was to examine the association between T2DM and EF through meta-analytic techniques. Medline, PsychoInfo, and Scopus, as well as article references, were used to identify studies comparing individuals with T2DM to a control population. Effect size was calculated using cohen's d and random effects modeling, and the potential impact of moderators (age, sex, and T2DM duration) were examined. Review of 60 studies (59 articles), revealed a significant, small-to-moderate effect size (d=-0.249, p