Download or read book Effects of a False Confession and Rapport on Alibi Corroboration written by Carisa M. Collins and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, DNA exoneration cases have shed light on the issue of false confessions. Research has demonstrated that a confession is a highly influential piece of evidence and can bias expert and lay witnesses alike, though little research has involved alibi witnesses. Alibi witnesses who share a relationship with an individual are perceived as less credible than strangers, although there has been little empirical research to support the idea that the former are less reliable. The present study aimed to determine the effects of false confession evidence, as well as rapport between a suspect and an alibi witness, on alibi corroboration evidence. Using a mock crime scenario, student and confederate pairs were asked to complete short sets of problem solving questions. The confederate was later accused of stealing money from an adjacent office and provided a true alibi that she was present in the testing room during the time of the theft. Results showed that only 50% of students maintained their initial alibi corroboration when they were informed the confederate had confessed, compared to 91% of students who were informed the confederated denied. In contrast, our manipulation of rapport did not have any effect on alibi corroboration. A confession also decreased participants' confidence in the accuracy of the alibi and increased their belief that the confederate was guilty. These findings demonstrate that a confession can sway alibi witnesses' decisions to maintain corroboration, and that they should not be given specific case details.

Download or read book The Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions written by Gisli H. Gudjonsson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-05-27 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, a sequel to The Psychology of Interrogations, Confessions and Testimony which is widely acclaimed by both scientists and practitioners, brings the field completely up-to-date and focuses in particular on aspects of vulnerability, confabulation and false confessions. The is an unrivalled integration of scientific knowledge of the psychological processes and research relating to interrogation, with the practical investigative and legal issues that bear upon obtaining, and using in court, evidence from interrogations of suspects. * Accessible style which will appeal to academics, students and practitioners * Authoritative integration of theory, research, practical implications and vivid case illustration * Coverage of topical issues like confabulation, false memory, and false confessions Part of the Wiley Series in The Psychology of Crime, Policing and Law

Download or read book The Effects of Suggestive Questioning on Alibi Corroboration written by Joshua D. Behl and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One factor that may affect a person's willingness to be an alibi corroborator is the type of questions police use when questioning potential alibi corroborators. In study one, participants questioned using negative suggestive questioning were significantly less likely to serve as an alibi corroborator than participants questioned using no suggestive questioning in a cheating scenario. In study two, I explored whether the use of suggestive questioning affect a participant's willingness to serve as alibi corroborators in a simulated 'party'. Participants reported to the lab with a friend to do team building activities. At the end of the session, participants were questioned about a crime that ostensibly took place using positive, negative, or neutral questioning. After assessing alibi willingness, distributed a questionnaire that assessed alibi depth, alibi confidence, and memory for the event in question. In the simulated party scenario, the effects of suggestive questioning had no effect on participants' decisions to corroborate the suspect's alibi. Thus, it is possible that the effect of suggestive questioning on one's willingness to corroborate an alibi may depend on the specific scenario in question.

Download or read book An Investigation Into Deceptive Alibi Witness Testimony written by Hannah Elizabeth Fawcett and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Weak' alibi evidence is the second leading cause of false convictions although psychological research on this issue is scarce. Understanding the factors contributing to the provision of false alibi witness testimony will highlight whether judicial instructions about alibi witness evidence are required to ensure fair investigations and trials. Utilising experimental and quasi-experimental research this thesis represents the first systematic investigation into the influences upon alibi witness deception. Study 1 set out to explore the factors influencing perceptions of deceptive alibi witness evidence in order to highlight the variables requiring further analysis later in the thesis. The study found that perceptions of false alibi evidence acceptability were influenced by an interaction between the type of deceptive evidence provided by the alibi witness (lie, false confession, evasion, omission) and the alibi witness' perceptions of the defendant's guilt (guilty, innocent, unsure of guilt). A qualitative content analysis supported these quantitative findings and also suggested that perceptions of the criminal justice system, knowledge of legal sanctions and the relationship between defendant and alibi witness were important in alibi evaluations. These factors were investigated further in the subsequent studies. Although study 1 highlighted the importance of deception type in alibi witness deception, the alibi research to date has examined solely alibi witness lies meaning there is no existing measure of alibi witness deception types that could be utilised in the thesis. Thus study 2 details the development of the False Evidence Questionnaire (FEQ) which found that alibi witness deception to consists of two factors; Omissions and Commissions. This supported the significant effect of deception type found in study 1. To further explore the role of attitudes to the criminal justice system in alibi witness deception study 2 also developed a multifaceted questionnaire; the Attitudes towards the Police and Courts Questionnaire (APCQ), to improve on previous one-dimensional measures of attitudes to the criminal justice system. The APCQ had five factors; Police Institution, Court Functioning, Punishment, Treatment of the Accused, Personal Safety. The structures of the FEQ and APCQ were demonstrated to be reliable and have a strong theoretical underpinning. Study 3 revealed that the APCQ Police Institution factor and participant age significantly predicted both the Commissions factor of the FEQ. Moreover, the APCQ Police Institution factor, participant age and the APCQ Court Functioning factor also predicted FEQ Omissions. These findings suggest that by improving perceptions of the police, false alibi witness evidence may be discouraged. Study 4 explored whether the significant effect of age could be attributed to increased awareness of legal sanctions amongst older adults. However, the study found that FEQ Omissions and Commissions are not influenced by punishment awareness illustrating that educating the public about the sanctions for false alibi evidence is unlikely to deter this behaviour. Study 5 used a mock police interview to gain a more ecological valid measure of the relationship between alibi witness and defendant upon alibi witness honesty. This revealed a significant association between unmotivated alibi witnesses (individuals with no/limited prior relationship to the defendant) and honesty in mock police interviews. Surprisingly, motivated alibi witnesses (individuals with an existing relationship with the defendant) were not found to have a significant association with either honesty or deception in the interviews. These findings support the conceptualisation of alibi witness deception as an altruistic act influenced by estimations of reciprocation likelihood. The study also found alibi witness intended honesty and actual honesty in the police interview were correlated, therefore validating the use of prospective questionnaire methods as utilised in studies 3 and 4. The final study demonstrated that although alibi witness motivation had a significant effect on mock juror perceptions of alibi witness honesty, this bias did not affect perceptions of defendant reliability or case verdicts. Nonetheless, judicial directions may be necessary to counteract juror scepticism towards motivated alibi witnesses. The thesis represents a unique development in the understanding of deceptive alibi witness evidence, the findings of which direct implications for criminal justice practice as well as future alibi research.

Download or read book Criminal Interrogation and Confessions written by Fred E. Inbau and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2011-09-19 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Criminal Interrogation and Confessions, Fifth Edition presents the Reid Technique of interviewing and interrogation and is the standard used in the field. This updated Fifth Edition presents interviewing and interrogation techniques, based on actual criminal cases, which have been used successfully by thousands of criminal investigators. This practical text is built around simple psychological principles and examines interrogation as a nine-step process that is easily understood by the reader. New and Key Features of the updated Fifth Edition: -The text contains updated photographs throughout to illustrate behavior symptoms; the proper room setting and positioning; as well as the placement of electronic recording equipment. -Every chapter of the text includes updated information. -Chapter 9 (Behavior Symptom Analysis) contains new research that has been conducted on the efficacy of behavior symptom analysis, as well as building for the reader the behavioral model of the truthful individual versus the subject who is withholding or fabricating relevant information. -Chapters 7 through 12 discuss in detail how to build the investigative interview, including the proper use of both investigative and behavior provoking questions, as well as guidelines for evaluating the credibility of allegations, and the proper use of follow-up and bait questions. -Chapter 15 (Distinguishing between True and False Confessions) has been updated to include new cases throughout and contains two new sections; "The Issue of False Confessions in the Courtroom – The Testimony of Expert Witnesses" and “The Issue of False Confessions in the Courtroom – Court Decisions”. -Chapter 17 discusses all of the legal issues related to interrogation and confession law, including Miranda, the meaning of custody, the use of threats and/or promises, the use of deception, and confession voluntariness. The chapter contains update legal references including 2011 court decisions.

Download or read book Practical Aspects of Interview and Interrogation written by David E. Zulawski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-09-14 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What makes a person confess to a crime he did not commit? Was he coerced? Is he trying to protect someone else? Interrogation has come under attack as opponents focus on false confessions. However, most cases are still resolved by confession, not forensic evidence. Among the new topics covered in the Second Edition of this bestselling book, Practic

Download or read book The Psychology of False Confessions written by Gisli H. Gudjonsson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the development of the science behind the psychology of false confessions Four decades ago, little was known or understood about false confessions and the reasons behind them. So much has changed since then due in part to the diligent work done by Gisli H. Gudjonsson. This eye-opening book by the Icelandic/British clinical forensic psychologist, who in the mid 1970s had worked as detective in Reykjavik, offers a complete and current analysis of how the study of the psychology of false confessions came about, including the relevant theories and empirical/experimental evidence base. It also provides a reflective review of the gradual development of the science and how it can be applied to real life cases. Based on Gudjonsson’s personal account of the biggest murder investigations in Iceland’s history, as well as other landmark cases, The Psychology of False Confessions: Forty Years of Science and Practice takes readers inside the minds of those who sit on both sides of the interrogation table to examine why confessions to crimes occur even when the confessor is innocent. Presented in three parts, the book covers how the science of studying false confessions emerged and grew to become a regular field of practice. It then goes deep into the investigation of the mid-1970s assumed murders of two men in Iceland and the people held responsible for them. It finishes with an in-depth psychological analysis of the confessions of the six people convicted. Written by an expert extensively involved in the development of the science and its application to real life cases Covers the most sensational murder cases in Iceland’s history Deep analysis of the ‘Reykjavik Confessions’ adds crucial evidence to understanding how and why coerced-internalized false confessions occur, and their detrimental and lasting effects on memory The Psychology of False Confessions: Forty Years of Science and Practice is an important source book for students, academics, criminologists, and clinical, forensic, and social psychologists and psychiatrists.

Download or read book The Role of Vulnerability Factors and Race on Judgements about False Confessions written by Nicole Christine Bassil and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been known for at least two decades that people can and do produce false confessions. Various disposition factors have been demonstrated to contribute to the production of false confessions such as the age of the suspect, the presence of mental health symptoms, whether an individual was under the influence of substances, and presence of intellectual disability, however, it is not clear how potential jurors understand these factors. Further, no one has examined what role race plays in the acceptance of false confessions as true, although it has been established that there are significant racial disparities in the criminal justice system, and it appears that it may also play a role in false confessions. The current research evaluated how participants weigh various disposition factors, including the impact of mental health symptoms, age, presence of intellectual disability, and intoxication, as contributing to a person confessing to a crime they did not commit. Participants (n = 247) listened to an audio recording of an interrogation that resulted in a confession and completed a survey about their perceptions of the interrogation. Half of the participants were told that the suspect was Black while the other half were told the suspect was white. A 2 (race of participant) x 2 (race of suspect) ANOVAs compared ratings of each vulnerability factor. There were neither main effects nor interactions for any of the factors, except age, where there was a main effect for participant race, with Black participants rating a suspect being under the age of 18 as contributing significantly more to a false confession than did white participants. Additionally, the values assigned to most vulnerability factors indicate that risk to false confessions are not well known by most individuals.

Download or read book Confessions in the Courtroom written by Lawrence S. Wrightsman and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1993-05-28 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the prosecution introduces confession testimony during a criminal trial, the effect is usually overwhelming. In fact, jurors′ verdicts are affected more by a confession than by eyewitness testimony. While eyewitness studies are massive in numbers, the topic of confession evidence has been largely ignored by psychologists and other social scientists. Confessions in the Courtroom seeks to rectify this discrepancy. This timely book examines how the legal system has evolved in its treatment of confessions over the last half century and discusses, at length, the U.S. Supreme Court′s decision regarding Arizona v. Fulminante which caused a reassessment of the acceptability of confessions generated under duress. The authors examine the causes of confessions and the interrogation procedure used by the police. They also evaluate the process for determining the admissability of confession testimony and provide excellent research on jurors′ reactions to voluntary and coerced confessions. Social scientists, attorneys, members of the criminal justice system, and students will find Confessions in the Courtroom to be an objective and readable treatment on this important topic. "In this short volume, the authors seek "to describe and evaluate what we know about confessions given to police and their impact at the subsequent trial." It is a comprehensive review of the social psychological literature and legal decisions surrounding confessions. One of the primary strengths of the manuscript is the interplay between social science and law fostered by the authors′ clear understanding of the boundaries between these disciplines and appreciation of the substantive areas they share. . . . [The authors] have produced a comprehensive and imminently readable legal and psychological treatise on confessions, valuable for established scholars and for students." --Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice

Download or read book The Impact of Recanted False Confession Types and Clarified Instructions on Jury Decision Making written by Andrew Christian Pollack and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A substantial amount of research has been dedicated to understanding how and why innocent people confess to crimes that they did not commit. Unfortunately, false confessions occur even with the best possible interrogation practices. This study aimed to examine how different types of false confession (voluntary, compliance, and internalization) and the use of jury instructions specific to confessions influences jurors' verdicts. A sample of 414 participants read a criminal trial case summary that presented one of four reasons why the defendant falsely confessed followed by either the standard jury instruction for confessions or a clarified version. Afterwards, participants completed several items assessing the perceived guilt of the defendant, their attitudes on confessions in general, and their opinions on jury instructions. Although the three confession reasons did not differ among one another, jurors who were given no explanation for the false confession tended to more harshly judge the defendant. Further, the clarified jury instructions did not influence the participants' judgments. Future research should focus on how expert witness testimonies affect verdicts regarding each type of false confession reason and whether the media may influence a juror's knowledge of factors that could provoke false confessions.

Download or read book The Psychology of Interrogations Confessions and Testimony written by Gisli H. Gudjonsson and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1999-04-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based upon scientific findings, using both a theoretical and practical approach, it provides excellent guidance regarding interrogation--its effects and implications. Presents full coverage of police interrogation methods and the processes by which false confessions are elicited plus demonstrates how they are more frequent than generally believed. Features a number of well-known contemporary cases including the ``Guildford Four'', ``Birmingham Six'' and ``Tottenham Three'' in which the author has been personally involved.

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Policing in the United States written by Tamara Rice Lave and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-04 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive collection on police and policing, written by experts in political theory, sociology, criminology, economics, law, public health, and critical theory.

Download or read book Police Interrogations and False Confessions written by G. Daniel Lassiter and published by American Psychological Association (APA). This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it is generally believed that wrongful convictions based on false confessions are relatively rare - the 1989 Central Park jogger 'wilding' case being the most notorious example - recent exonerations of the innocent through DNA testing are increasing at a rate that few in the criminal justice system might have speculated. Because of the growing realization of the false confession phenomenon, psychologists, sociologists, and legal/law-enforcement scholars and practitioners have begun to examine the factors embedded in American criminal investigations and interrogations that may lead innocent people to implicate themselves in crimes they did not commit. ""Police Interrogations and False Confessions"" brings together a group of renowned scholars and practitioners in the fields of social psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, criminology, clinical-forensic psychology, and law to examine three salient dimensions of false confessions: interrogation tactics and the problem of false confessions; review of Supreme Court decisions regarding Miranda warnings and custodial interrogations; and new research on juvenile confessions and deception in interrogative interviews. Chapters include well-recognized programs of research on the topics of interrogative interviewing, false confessions, the detection of deception in forensic interviews, individual differences, and clinical-forensic evaluations. The book concludes with policy recommendations to attenuate the institutional and social psychological persistence (and pervasiveness) of the various inducements and impediments that have informed law enforcement's interrogation techniques and the types of false confessions they encourage.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology written by Kay Deaux and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology uniquely integrates personality and social psychology perspectives together in one volume. Contributors explore historical, conceptual, methodological, and empirical foundations that link the two fields together. Further, this new edition offers readers comprehensive coverage of new and emerging areas of theory, research, and application, and assesses the fields' growth and development since the publication of the first edition.

Download or read book Introduction to Criminal Investigation written by Michael Birzer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The manner in which criminal investigators are trained is neither uniform nor consistent, ranging from sophisticated training protocols in some departments to on-the-job experience alongside senior investigators in others. Ideal for students taking a first course in the subject as well as professionals in need of a refresher, Introduction to Criminal Investigation uses an accessible format to convey concepts in practical, concrete terms. Topics discussed include: The history of criminal investigation in Western society Qualifications for becoming an investigator, the selection process, and ideal training requirements Crime scene search techniques, including planning and post-search debriefing Preparing effective field notes and investigative reports Interviewing and interrogating Types of evidence found at the crime scene and how to collect, package, and preserve it The contributions of forensic science to criminal investigations and the equipment used in crime labs Investigative protocol for a range of crimes, including property crimes, auto theft, arson, financial crimes, homicide, assault, sex crimes, and robbery Specialized investigations, including drug trafficking, cybercrime, and gang-related crime Legal issues involved in criminal investigations and preparing a case for trial Bringing together contributions from law enforcement personnel, academics, and attorneys, the book combines practical and theoretical elements to provide a comprehensive examination of today‘s criminal investigative process. The accessible manner in which the information is conveyed makes this an ideal text for a wide-ranging audience.

Download or read book The Psychology of Evidence and Trial Procedure written by Saul Kassin and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1985-05 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kassin and Wrightsman's book concentrates on the single most important determinant of verdicts -- the evidence and court procedure. It is divided into four parts: (1) an overview and historical perspective; (2) seven substantive topics like eyewitness accounts, confessions, and character evidence; (3) an examination of the major stages of trial procedure; and (4) a provocative discussion of the role that psychology does, and should, play in the judicial process. Written in non-technical language, this book should have a broad appeal to students, researchers and litigants alike. `Chapters are extremely well written and documented. The work is highly recommended for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and legal profess

Download or read book Applied Social Psychology written by Jamie A. Gruman and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2016-09-08 with total page 1150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This student-friendly introduction to the field focuses on understanding social and practical problems and developing intervention strategies to address them. Offering a balance of theory, research, and application, the updated Third Edition includes the latest research, as well as new, detailed examples of qualitative research throughout.