Download or read book Effects of 20 Years of Litter and Root Manipulations on Soil Organic Matter Dynamics written by Jennifer D. Wig and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally, the forestry sector is the second largest contributor of greenhouse gases, and sustainable forest management is a major target of international environmental policy. However, there is the assumption underlying many policy recommendations that an increase in above-ground carbon stocks correspond to long term increases in ecosystem carbon stocks, the majority of which is stored in soils. We analyzed soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in forest soils that had undergone twenty years of organic inputs manipulations as part of the Detritus Input and Removal Treatment (DIRT) network. There was no statistically significant effect of the rate of litter or root inputs on the carbon or nitrogen in bulk soil, on respiration rates of soil in laboratory incubations, on the non-hydrolyzed fraction of soil organic matter, or on any organic matter associated with any density. However, there is evidence for positive priming due to increased litter inputs; doubling the rate of litter inputs decreased C and N contents of bulk soil and decreased respiration rates of soil. Furthermore, there is evidence that roots influence soil organic matter dynamics more strongly than above-ground inputs. Both of these results trends match data from other DIRT sites, and are supported by the literature.
Download or read book The Legacy of Dr Francis Hole written by Kimberly L. Townsend and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Models of ecosystem carbon (C) balance generally assume a strong relationship between net primary productivity (NPP), litter inputs, and soil C accumulation, but there is little direct evidence for such a coupled relationship. Using a unique 50-year detrital manipulation experiment in a in a mixed deciduous forest and restored prairie grasslands in Wisconsin, combined with sequential density fractionation, isotopic analysis, and short-term incubation, we examined the effects of detrital inputs and removals on soil C stabilization, destabilization, and quality. Both forested sites showed greater decline in bulk soil C content in litter removal plots (55 and 66% decrease in surface soils compared to controls) compared to litter addition plots (27 and 38% increase in surface soils compared to controls). No accumulation in the mineral fraction C was observed after 50 years of litter addition of the two forest plots, thus increases in the light density fraction pool drove patterns in total C content. Litter removal across both ecosystem types resulted in a decline in both free light fraction and mineral C content, with an overall 51% (7%) decline in mineral-associated carbon in the intermediate (1.85 - 2.4 g cm−3) density pool; isotopic data suggest that it was preferentially younger C that was lost. The carbon content response in the>2.4 g cm−3 mineral fraction was variable. In contrast to results from other, but younger litter manipulation sites, there was with no evidence of priming even in soils collected after 28 years of treatment. In prairie soils, aboveground litter exclusion had an effect on C levels similar to that of root exclusion, thus we did not see evidence that root-derived C is more critical to soil C sequestration. There was no clear evidence that soil C quality changed in litter addition plots in the forested sites; [delta]13C and [delta] 14C values, and incubation estimates of labile C were similar between control and litter addition soils. C quality appeared to change in litter removal plots; soils with litter excluded had [delta] 14C values indicative of longer mean residence times, [delta]13C values indicative of loss of fresh plant-derived C, and decreases in all light fraction C pools, although incubation estimates of C quality did not change. In prairie soils, [delta]13C values suggest a loss of recent C4-derived soil C in litter removal plots along with significant increases in mean residence time, especially in plots with removal of roots. Our results suggest surface mineral soils may be more vulnerable to loss than to gain, in association with disturbance, land use change, or perhaps even climate change over century - decadal timescales, and also highlight the need for longer-term experimental manipulations to study soil organic matter dynamics.
Download or read book Litter Decomposition a Guide to Carbon and Nutrient Turnover written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Litter Decomposition describes one of the most important processes in the biosphere - the decay of organic matter. It focuses on the decomposition process of foliar litter in the terrestrial systems of boreal and temperate forests due to the greater amount of data from those biomes. The availability of several long-term studies from these forest types allows a more in-depth approach to the later stages of decomposition and humus formation. Differences between the decay of woody matter and foliar litter is discussed in detail and a different pattern for decomposition is introduced. While teachers and students in more general subjects will find the most basic information on decomposition processes in this book, scientists and graduate students working on decomposition processes will be entirely satisfied with the more detailed information and the overview of the latest publications on the topic as well as the methodological chapter where practical information on methods useful in decomposition studies can be found. Abundant data sets will serve as an excellent aid in teaching process and will be also of interest to researchers specializing in this field as no thorough database exists at the moment. Provides over 60 tables and 90 figures Offers a conceptual 3-step model describing the different steps of the decomposition process, demonstrating changes in the organic-chemical structure and nutrient contents Includes a synthesis of the current state of knowledge on foliar litter decomposition in natural systems Integrates more traditional knowledge on organic matter decomposition with current problems of environmental pollution, global change, etc. Details contemporary knowledge on organic matter decomposition
Download or read book The Effects of Litter Quality and Texture on Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Rocky Mountain Soils written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions written by Richard V. Pouyat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.
Download or read book Biogeochemical Cycles written by Katerina Dontsova and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-14 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elements move through Earth's critical zone along interconnected pathways that are strongly influenced by fluctuations in water and energy. The biogeochemical cycling of elements is inextricably linked to changes in climate and ecological disturbances, both natural and man-made. Biogeochemical Cycles: Ecological Drivers and Environmental Impact examines the influences and effects of biogeochemical elemental cycles in different ecosystems in the critical zone. Volume highlights include: Impact of global change on the biogeochemical functioning of diverse ecosystems Biological drivers of soil, rock, and mineral weathering Natural elemental sources for improving sustainability of ecosystems Links between natural ecosystems and managed agricultural systems Non-carbon elemental cycles affected by climate change Subsystems particularly vulnerable to global change The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Book Review: http://www.elementsmagazine.org/archives/e16_6/e16_6_dep_bookreview.pdf
Download or read book General Technical Report NE written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment Methods for Soil Carbon written by John M. Kimble and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-12-28 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since carbon sequestration in soils reduces the amount of carbon available to the atmosphere, the Kyoto Protocols have heightened interest in soil carbon pools and their effect on carbon fluxes. Assessment Methods for Soil Carbon addresses many of the questions related to the measurement, monitoring, and verification of organic and inorganic carbon
Download or read book Forests in Time written by John D. Aber and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Eastern Hemlock, massive and majestic, has played a unique role in structuring northeastern forest environments, from Nova Scotia to Wisconsin and through the Appalachian Mountains to North Carolina, Tennessee, and Alabama. A "foundation species" influencing all the species in the ecosystem surrounding it, this iconic North American tree has long inspired poets and artists as well as naturalists and scientists. Five thousand years ago, the hemlock collapsed as a result of abrupt global climate change. Now this iconic tree faces extinction once again because of an invasive insect, the hemlock woolly adelgid. Drawing from a century of studies at Harvard University's Harvard Forest, one of the most well-regarded long-term ecological research programs in North America, the authors explore what hemlock's modern decline can tell us about the challenges facing nature and society in an era of habitat changes and fragmentation, as well as global change.
Download or read book Mass Spectrometry of Soils written by Thomas Boutton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-05-30 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides detailed coverage of the applications of proven spectometric techniques in soil science. It presents analytical approaches important in the study of pool sizes and the dynamics of macro- and micronutrients, the structure and function of soil organic matter, and the co-evolution of soils, plant communities and climate. Interdisciplinary perspectives from soil science, ecology, geology, chemistry, biogeochemistry, agronomy and physics, are offered.
Download or read book The Effect of Organic Amendments on Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Nutrient Availability written by Marta Astier and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Canadian System of Soil Classification written by Canadian Agricultural Services Coordinating Committee. Soil Classification Working Group and published by NRC Research Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This treatise begins with an introduction on the history of soil classification in Canada and discussion of the rationale for soil taxonomy. It then defines such terms as soil, pedon, and soil horizons before outlining the classification system along with identification keys. Chapters 4 through 13 describe the characteristics of the various soil orders and include information on distinguishing soils of one order from soils of other orders. Chapter 14 outlines criteria & guidelines used in differentiating classes in soil families and soil series categories. Chapter 15 provides information on distinguishing soil phases. Chapter 16 correlates Canadian soil taxonomy with other classification systems. Chapter 17 summarizes the main terminology used to describe soils at the landscape and pedon scales. The final chapter provides a system of landform classification for soil mapping.
Download or read book Soil Fauna Assemblages written by Uffe N. Nielsen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A holistic overview of soil fauna, their contributions to ecosystem function, and implications of global change belowground.
Download or read book Soil Sequences Atlas written by MARCIN ŚWITONIAK and published by Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika. This book was released on 2014 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FOREWORD / 7 LIST OF ACRONYMS / 8 METHODS / 8 SOIL REFERENCE GROUPS INDEX / 9 STUDY AREAS / 10 CHAPTER 1 / 11 Soils of Quercus robur L. stands on parent material with different genesis in the boreo-nemoral zone RAIMONDS KASPARINSKIS, VITA AMATNIECE, OĻĢERTS NIKODEMUS CHAPTER 2 / 23 Forested areas within sandy lowlands and continental dunes of South-Eastern Lithuania RIMANTAS VAISVALAVIČIUS, JONAS VOLUNGEVIČIUS, VANDA BUIVYDAITĖ CHAPTER 3 / 37 Flat coastal plain of the Hel Peninsula (Puck Lagoon, Poland) PIOTR HULISZ CHAPTER 4 / 47 Forested areas within the outwash plain in Poland (Tuchola Forest) PIOTR HULISZ, MARTA KOWALCZYK, M. TOMASZ KARASIEWICZ CHAPTER 5 / 61 Forested areas within hummocky moraine plateaus of Poland (Brodnica Lake District) MARCIN ŚWITONIAK, PRZEMYSŁAW CHARZYŃSKI, ŁUKASZ MENDYK CHAPTER 6 / 77 Agricultural areas within hummocky moraine plateaus of Poland (Brodnica Lake District) MARCIN ŚWITONIAK, PRZEMYSŁAW CHARZYŃSKI, ŁUKASZ MENDYK CHAPTER 7 / 93 Catchments of disappearing lakes in glacial meltwater landscapes (Brodnica Lake District) ŁUKASZ MENDYK, MACIEJ MARKIEWICZ, MARCIN ŚWITONIAK CHAPTER 8 / 109 Chronosequence of soils on inland dunes in Poland MICHAŁ JANKOWSKI, PAULINA ANNA RUTKOWSKA, RENATA BEDNAREK CHAPTER 9 / 125 Pleistocene terraces of the Toruń Basin on the border of the urban area PRZEMYSŁAW CHARZYŃSKI, MARCIN ŚWITONIAK CHAPTER 10 / 141 Soils developed from red clays of the Lower Triassic in the north-western part of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains ZBIGNIEW ZAGORSKI, MONIKA KISIEL CHAPTER 11 / 155 Soils in the mountain area with high activity of geomorphic processes (the Stołowe Mountains, Poland) JAROSŁAW WAROSZEWSKI, CEZARY KABAŁA, PAWEŁ JEZIERSKI CHAPTER 12 / 169 Forested hilly landscape of Bükkalja Foothill (Hungary) MARCIN ŚWITONIAK, TIBOR JOZSEF NOVAK, PRZEMYSŁAW CHARZYŃSKI, KLAUDYNA ZALEWSKA, RENATA BEDNAREK CHAPTER 13 / 181 Alluvial plain with wind-blown sand dunes in South-Nyírség, Eastern Hungary TIBOR JOZSEF NOVAK, GABOR NEGYESI, BENCE ANDRASI, BOTOND BURO CHAPTER 14 / 197 Urban soils on the drift sand areas of Hungary GABOR SANDOR, GYORGY SZABO CONTRIBUTORS / 210
Download or read book Decomposition in Terrestrial Ecosystems written by Michael John Swift and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1979-01-01 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Werner L. Kutsch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon stored in soils represents the largest terrestrial carbon pool and factors affecting this will be vital in the understanding of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This book provides an integrated view on measuring and modeling soil carbon dynamics. Based on a broad range of in-depth contributions by leading scientists it gives an overview of current research concepts, developments and outlooks and introduces cutting-edge methodologies, ranging from questions of appropriate measurement design to the potential application of stable isotopes and molecular tools. It includes a standardised soil CO2 efflux protocol, aimed at data consistency and inter-site comparability and thus underpins a regional and global understanding of soil carbon dynamics. This book provides an important reference work for students and scientists interested in many aspects of soil ecology and biogeochemical cycles, policy makers, carbon traders and others concerned with the global carbon cycle.
Download or read book Soil Organic Matter Decomposition written by Fadly Hairannoor Yusran and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] Relationships between the persistence of organic matter added to soil, the dynamics of soil organic carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) were examined in four experiments on lateritic soils of Western Australia. The main objective was to quantify the release of P following organic matter application in soils which have high P adsorbing capacity. Another objective was to confirm that due to its recalcitrant materials, the effect of peat lasted longer in soil than other sources of organic matter in terms of increasing plant-available P fractions. Three experiments were conducted under glasshouse conditions for various lengths of time, with nine- to twelve-month incubations to investigate these hypotheses. As expected, organic matter with lower C:N ratios than peat (lucerne hay) decomposed more rapidly compared with peat, and the most active mineralisation took place within the first three months of incubation. Soil organic-C (extracted by 0.5 M K2SO4) had a significant positive correlation with P extracted with 0.5 M NaHCO pH 8.53. For a higher application rate (120 ton ha-1), peat was better than wheat straw and lucerne hay in increasing extractable bicarbonate-P concentrations in soil, especially at incubation times up to 12 months. Throughout the experiment, peat was associated with a steady increase in all parameters measured. In contrast to peat, nutrient release from lucerne hay and wheat straw was rapid and diminished over time. There was a tendency for organic-C (either in the form of total extractable organic-C or microbial biomass-C) to steadily increase in soil with added peat throughout the experiment. Unlike wheat straw and lucerne hay, extractable organic-C from peat remained in soil and there was less C loss in the form of respiration. Therefore, peat persisted and sequestered C to the soil system for a longer time than the other source of organic matter. Freshly added organic matter was expected to have a greater influence on P transformation from adsorbed forms in lateritic soils than existing soil organic matter. By removing the existing soil organic matter, the effect of freshly applied organic matter can be determine separately from that of the existing soil organic matter for a similar organic-C content. In order to do this, some soil samples were combusted up to 450° C to eliminate inherent soil organic matter. The release of P was greater when organic-C from fresh organic matter was applied to combusted soils than in uncombusted soils that contained the existing soil organic matter. The exception only applied for parameters related to soil micro-organisms such as biomass-C and phosphatase. For such parameters, new soil organic matter did not create conditions favourable for organisms to increase in activity despite the abundance of organic matter available. More non-extractable-P was formed in combusted soils compared to bicarbonate-P and it contributed to more than 50% of total-P. As for the first experiment, peat also showed a constant effect in increasing bicarbonate extractable-P in the soil.
